Nuxurka nin ka barta of view of falsafada Yurub

Xaaladan Masiixiga ah ayaa fahamka falsafada dhibaatooyinka aadanaha - halkii isagoo mid ka mid ah waxyaalaha aasaaska ah ee caalamka sida kiiska ee Qarniyadii hore ahaa, ayuu wuxuu u yimid inuu mashquulin meel gaar ah u siiyey isaga inay by Ilaah. Dhinaca mid, waxaa la abuuray by Ilaah AMISOM gaar ah, oo dhinaca kale ah - ka guuray ka natiijo ahaan dayrta. Sayidka, Fikirka fiqi ahaaneed ee qarniyadii ugu horeeyay oo ka mid ah Zaman waa nuxurka nin si la mid ah sida qoraallada, kala. In falsafadda Christian of qarniyadii dhexe waxaa la heysatay by cilmiga in dabiicadda Ilaah iyo aadanaha waa isku mid sida in image ee Masiixa. Masiix noqday nin, joogsila'aan Ilaah u noqon, iyo waqti isku mid ah qof kasta oo ay xambaarsan barato nimcada, imaatinka Masiixa.

Tani waa meel gaarka ah ee caalamka, u dhexeeya dooxadii caloolxumo iyo Ilaah sameeyey, waayo, aqoon yahanno ah Renaissance sidaas "qaybaha", taas oo, wayna rumaysteen, waxaa si toos ah oo la xidhiidha macrocosm (iyo in kulankaan pantheism iyo mysticism Christian labadaba). Haddii loo maleeyo in qof aan waxba haysan oo aan lahayn mid u dhigma karo, iyo Nikolay Kuzansky, Paracelsus, Boehme oo sheegay in "macrocosm iyo qaybaha ka -. Waa nuxurka ka mid ah" Si kastaba ha ahaatee, rationalism cusub European duwan kiciyey su'aasha ah waxa nuxurka nin. Tan iyo Descartes safka hore ee qeexidda awood u leh inay u malaynayaa in hoos u dhigay, maxaa yeelay waxyaabaha gaarka ah ee rationalism isagoo ka mid ah dadka waxa ay u arkaan in maanka. Haddii Descartes sidaas arkay in xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya qaybaha jidhka iyo xagga ruuxa ah paralellizm a psychophysical, Leibniz rumaystay iyaga sooci karo. Nuurin la'aantiis, si ay La Mettrie mahad, na siiyey aphorism sida "nin-mashiinka", sida falsafo Faransiis rumeysan yahay in nafta waa isku mid la miyir, fal ku meersan dibadda iyo gudaha.

In qarnigii XVIII ka, dhibaatada "nuxurka ninkii in uu yahay," ayaa noqday mid ka mid ah su'aalaha soo falsafada aasaasiga ah. Tusaale ahaan, KANT soo baxa ka fasiraadda qoraallada ee qof macquul ah, ay leeyihiin "Samo" kala duwan - maarmaan dabiiciga ah iyo moral. Isagu wuxuu u yeedhi jirka ah ee ka dhigaya oo dhan dabeecadda aadanaha, iyo pragmatics - waxa laga abuuray buuxa sameeya ama waa inaan ka dhaansado laftiisa karin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wakiillo kale oo ka falsafada classical ee Germany ayaa loo qaaday sida matalaad model ah Renaissance (sida jirana, Goethe, u dooda ee "falsafada dabiiciga ah ee nasjonalromantiske"). Jirana ayaa sheegay in nin - taasi waa ninka xorta ah ee ugu horeysay ee dabiiciga ah, sababtoo ah dareen ma sida nidaamsan sida xayawaanka, iyo waxay awoodaan si ay u abuuraan dhaqanka, iyo xataa Novalis yeedhay taariikhda cilmiga la dabaqay.

In Hegel ee Falsafadda Ruuxa ka timaada dabiicadda tan dhalashada of a buuxa. Nuxurka nin sida ay Hegel waa is-fahamka ee IDEA Absolute. Marka ugu horeysa, iyada noqotaa warqabaan keligeed sida shakhsi ahaan ah (cilmiga aadanaha, phenomenology, cilmi nafsiga); ka dibna - sida Ujeedada (sharciga, anshaxa, gobolka); iyo ugu dambeyntii sida Ruuxa buuxda (art, diinta iyo falsafadda). Iyadoo taariikhda ee la soo dhaafay oo dhamaystiran horumarinta fikradaha iyo ruux sida laabtay laftiisa in, sida uu sharciga inkiraad ah inkiraad. Guud ahaan, falsafadda Jarmal ee xilligan, ayaa aaminsan in qof ayaa ku jira maadooyinka dhaqdhaqaaqa ruuxi ah, kaas oo dunida ka mid ah dhaqanka abuuraa, xammaalladii a horyaal iska caadi ah oo bilow macquul ah.

Horeba Feuerbach dhaleeceeyay Hegel, uu fahamsan yahay nin sida dadkuba erya-jirka. Marxism waxaa soo socda in ay sharaxaad ka mid ah dabiiciga ah iyo bulsho ee "sapiens homo" oo ku salaysan mabda'a monism ka muujiyey lahjo materialist, goortay arkeen sida wax soo saarka ah oo ku xiran nolosha bulshada iyo shaqada. Waxa ugu weyn ee - waa nooca bulshada nin, sida ay tahay gabi ahaanna oo dhan xidhiidhka bulshada, ayaa sheegay in Marx. qarnigii XIX ku hodanaynta cilmiga aadanaha fikradaha aan buuxin, muujineysaa ah nuxurka iyo awoodda in been ka baxsan fikirka ah (dareen, rabitaan, iwm). mudnaanta aagga this Nietzsche maleeyo koboca ciyaarta iyo dareen, halkii ay sabab iyo miyirka. Kirkegor ugu muhiimsan arkaa in falka dad doonistiis, taas oo, dhab ahaantii, waxaa jira dhalashada aadanaha, iyo iyada oo loo marayo taas oo qof dabiiciga ah uu noqdo qof ruuxi ah.

dabeecadda Biosocial nin la arko ma aha sida fikrad caan ah oo qarnigii labaatanaad, maxaa yeelay, aqoon yahanno da'da casriga ah gaar ahaan ka welwelsan qofka, oo xidhiidh la leh oo meelo badan oo ka mid ah falsafada casri ah loo yaqaan personalistic. Sida laga soo xigtay iyaga, ku wajahan bini'aadamka ma waxaa lagu yarayn karaa in wax kasta oo ku salaysan aasaasiga ah. Diididda habab labada bulsho iyo mechanistic, existentialism iyo personalism waxaa la rijeynaya in jiho oo kala duwan of fikradda guud ee shaqsi (qayb ka mid ah dabeecadda iyo dhan bulsho) iyo aqoonsiga (a aayo-gaar ah ruuxiga ah). Fikradaha "falsafada nolosha" (Dilthey) iyo phenomenology (Gusserl) oo lagu sameeyay aasaas u ah cilmiga falsafada sida socodka u gaar ah (Scheller, Plesner, Geleen, "cilmiga dhaqanka Rothakkera et al.). Inkasta oo wakiillo ka Freudianism iyo dugsiyada la xiriira dabeecadda weli hab naturalistic.