Mabda'a hawlgalka of motor ah. Mabda'a hawlgalka of motor AC ah. Physics, Grade 9

Maanta qiyaasi ilbaxnimada aadanaha iyo bulshada farsmada heerka sare ah waa wax aan macquul aheyn oo aan koronto. Mid ka mid ah qalabka muhiimka ah in lagu taageero shaqada ee qalabka korontada, waa engine ah. mashiinka waxa uu helay ugu baahsan, ka warshadaha (taageerayaasha, crushers, komberesarrada) isticmaalka guriga (Makiinadaha dhar dhaqidda, oo dhoollatus, iwm). Laakiin waa maxay mabda'a hawlgalka of motor ah?

ballan

Mabda'a hawlgalka of motor korontada iyo ujeeddooyinka ay ugu muhiimsan yihiin si ay u gudbiyaan meydadka shaqada lagama maarmaanka u ah gudashada habka farsamada ee tamarta si farsamaysan. engine laftiisa u soo saartaa kharash ku korontada wada baabba'aan xirneeyn. Aasaas hadlayay, mabda'a hawlgalka of motor korontada waa in loogu badalo tamarta korontada galay tamarta si farsamaysan. Caddadka tamar farsamo ahaan iyaga by halkii unit of time waxaa lagu magacaabaa awood.

nooc oo matoorrada

Iyada oo ku xidhan sifooyinka feed of network ku jira laba nooc oo waaweyn oo motor la cayimi karo, DC iyo ac. The ugu caansan mashiinada DC waa matoorrada la excitation joogto ah, madax banaan oo isku dhafan. Tusaalooyinka matoorrada on AC oofiyo mashiinada synchronous iyo asynchronous. Inkastoo kala duwanaanta muuqata, qalab iyo mabda'a hawlgalka of motor ee caga kasta oo ku salaysan is dhexgalka la kaari hadda oo beerta magnetic, ama magnet joogto ah (wax ferromagnetic) oo la duurka ku magnetic.

Jir iyadoo hadda - preimage motor

barta ugu weyn ee xaalkan, sida mabda'a of hawlgalka motor ah, oo la odhan karaa ah ee Xuddunta. Ka fikir sida ugub ah waxay noqon kartaa tusaale u ah qaab dhismeedka leh ee hadda ah, kaas oo ka kooban tahay laba kirishbooyada oo magnet ah. Hadda waxaa laga codsadaa in kaari ku dhex siddo warqada kuwaas oo go'an on dhidibka jir qoqobada ah. Iyadoo la tixraacayo xeerka caanka ah ee gacanta bidix on jir ah u shaqeyn doonaa ciidammada ee abuuro qaraabo Xuddunta in dhidibka. Iyadu waa sarkhaansan xoog wadarta isku shaandheyn doonaa in jihada a counterclockwise. Waxaa la og yahay in Xuddunta waa si toos ah saamiyeed si ay induction ku magnetic (B), xoojinta hadda (I), ku yiilleen laba jibbaaran (S) iyo ku xiran yahay xagal u dhexeeya khadadka duurka, iyo dhidibka ee la soo dhaafay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sarkhaansan yihiin markii, la beddelo in ay jihada, jir lagu baayici doonaa. Maxaa loo qaado in formation of jihada joogto ah? Waxaa jira laba hab:

• beddelo jihada hadda korontada ee jir ah iyo booska uu ka kirishbooyada qaraabada inay ulaha magnetka,
• beddelo dhinaca duurka, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in qaab dhismeedka isku bedbedeli doono jihada socotaa.

muuqashadii A marka hore waxaa loo isticmaalaa matoorrada DC. Markaasaa kii labaad - waa mabda'a hawlgalka of motor AC ah.

Beddelidda jihada of qaraabo hadda magnetka

Si aad u bedesho jihada mooshin qayb eedeeyay in kaari ah oo leh xiddaayad hadda, qalab kaas oo loo xilsaaray in ay jihada ku xiran heshiis ee kirishbooyada. design Tan waxaa fuliyey iyadoo la adeegsanayo xiriirada kala saraysa, kuwaasi oo loo isticmaalo si ay ugu deeqdo hadda ku yiilleen. Marka bedelay mid ka mid ah laba giraanta marka jir ah ayaa la isku beddeli jeedo badh, jihada hadda waxaa beddeli iyo waxa dukaamada Xuddunta. Waxaa muhiim ah in la tixgeliyo in siddada kowaad waxaa soo ururay oo ka soo laba qaybood kuwaas oo ku dahaaran midba midka kale ka.

Qorshahaa waxa ka mid ah mashiinada DC

Tusaalaha kor ku xusan - waa mabda'a shaqada of motor DC ee. Mashiinka dhabta ah, si dabiici ah leedahay qaab ka adag oo uu isticmaalaa tobanaan loox dhismaha armature ku fuuli jiray. The kirishbooyada ah loogu fuuli jiray waxaa la geeyaa grooves gaarka ah ee xudunta u ah cylindrical ferromagnetic. The daraf oo windings ay ku xidhan yihiin in siddooyinka go'doon in ay sameeyaan kala cayncayn ah. Fuuli jiray, ururiyaha iyo xudunta - waa barroosinka ku qoqobada in saa'idka on guryaha ee engine ah. The beerta excitation magnetic ahbaa by ulaha ka mid ah magnet-joogto ah, kuwaas oo loo diyaarin in guryaha. The fuuli jiray ku xiran dhaxe, iyo tan iyo silsilad barroosinka iyo sequentially ka mid noqon kara in labada madax banaan. Xaaladda hore, motor ku yeelan doonto excitation oo kala duwan ah, ee labaad - waafaqsan. Waxa kale oo jira design ee excitation isku dhafan marka la isticmaalayo kaliya labo nooc oo fuuli jiray xidhiidh.

mashiinka synchronous

Mabda'a hawlgalka of motor ka synchronous waa baahida loo qabo in la abuuro beer qoqobada magnetic. Markaas waxaad u baahan tahay in ay ku riday sanduuqa dardargelisay beddelin jiho oo ka mid ah kirishbooyada hadda. Mabda'a hawlgalka of motor ka synchronous, kaas oo ahaa mid aad u baahsan in industry ee, ku salaysan tusaale ahaan kor ku xusan, oo leh xiddaayad leh ee hadda ah. duurka ku qoqobada soo saaray magnet waxaa la aasaasay by fuuli jiray nidaamyo oo ku xiran yihiin dhaxe ee. Sida caadiga ah isticmaalaan windings saddex waji, laakiin mabda'a hawlgalka of motor-hal waji AC ma noqon doonto ka saddex waji oo kala duwan, marka laga reebo in tirada wejiyada naftooda, taas oo aan qiimo lahayn markii la tixgelinayo sifooyinka design ka. windings waxaa la gelinayaa, naadi stator la wareejin qaar ka mid ah circumferentially ah. Taas waxa loo sameeyaa si loo abuuro qoqobada beer magnetic sameeyay farqiga hawada.

synchronism

A dhibic aad u muhiim ah waa in hawlgalka beehsa of motor korontada ee dhismaha ee kor ku xusan. In dhexgalka oo duurka magnetic la hadda ee rotor ku fuuli waxaa laftiisa sameeyay nidaamka rogista cajaladda motor taas oo synchronous marka la eego wareeg oo duurka magnetic sameeyey by stator ah. Synchronism loo hayn doonaa si Xuddunta ugu badan, taas oo ay keentay iska caabin ah. Marka load ku kordhiyaa, mishiinka bixi karin ee u hagaagsan.

induction motor

Mabda'a hawlgalka ee induction korontada waa jiritaanka qoqobada beer magnetic iyo mab u xiran yihiin (wareeggeedii) on rotor ah - qayb daadgureyntaasi. beerta A magnetic waxaa loo sameeyay si la mid ah sida in of motor ka synchronous - isticmaalayo, naadi ku yaalla windings stator ay ku xidhan yihiin network danab talantaalli ah. windings rotor ka kooban yihiin toban-siddo iyo qaabka guud ahaan jira laba nooc oo qaab: wajiga iyo gaaban-circuited. Mabda'a hawlgalka of motor AC ah labada kiis ee waa isku mid, kaliya design ee isbedelka ka. In the case of rotor a Dabagaale-qafis (sidoo kale loo yaqaan "qafis Dabagaale") loogu fuuli jiray aluminium la shubay ku shubtay galay grooves ah. Inta lagu jiro marxaladda soo saarka fuuli jiray darafyadiisa oo marxalad kasta outputted si ka baxsan via siddooyinkii qiime-xidhiidh, maadaama ay tani awood u siin doona resistors dheeraad ah Bannaanka oo lagama maarmaan u ah xakamaynta xawaaraha engine ah.

mashiinka jiidaya

Mabda'a hawlgalka of motor jar waa la mid ah sida baabuurta oo la hadda si toos ah. Laga soo bilaabo hadda waxaa bixisey in dhaxe ee transformer tallaabo-up. Next, saddex waji talantaalli hadda la wareejiyo ee rugood jar gaar ah. Waxaa jira rectifier ah. Waxaa kuweeda AC in DC. In Scheme qaadeen ay ka mid polarity in silig hooyeen, kan kale - si toos ah biraha ah. Waa in la xusuusnaado in qaabab badan oo kala jar shaqeeyaan at inta jeer oo kala duwan ka aasaasay warshadaha (50 Hz) ah. Sidaa darteed, waxay isticmaalaan chastotnik waayo, motor ka, mabda'a qalliinka ah taas oo ah si loogu badalo inta jeer iyo xakamaynta sifo this.

By pantograph danab kiciyey waxaa bixisey qolkii halkaas oo resistors bilaabo iyo contactors. Iyada oo rheostats ilaaliyaal ku xiran yihiin matoorrada kala jar ah, oo waxaa lagu abaabulaa on bogies oo ulahooda wareejiya. iyaga ka, hadda ka dhex qulqulaya taayirada on biraha ka dibna ku soo laabtay xarumo kala jar ah, sidaas dhow circuit korontada.