Madhabta Allen Dulles, Agaasimaha CIA (1945)

In June 2015, warbaahinta Ruush uu ku faafay warka ah in go'aanka Maxkamadda degmada ee magaalada ee gobolka Sverdlovsk text Asbestos ee dokumentiga, loo yaqaan "caqiido of Allen Dulles" waxaa laga helay qalab xagjirka ah. Iyadoo la raacayo, mamnuucidda on isticmaalkeeda ahaa codsatay in si kasta. Waa maxay waxan document, qarinta halis ku ah bulshada, iyo cidda Mr. Dulles, marxad Abuurkiisa? Isku day inaad si ay u fahmaan.

Loo iibsado, abuuray by siyaasiga da'ada yar

Allen Dulles, kuwaas oo Biography waxa uu noqday la heli karo si ay dadweynaha guud oo keliya ka dib dhammaystirka mustaqbalkiisa, madaxa mid ka mid ah shaqsiyaadka ugu caansan Adduunka ee sirdoonka, loo yaqaan CIA, qoys kuwaas oo xubnaha muddo tobannaan sano qabsadeen jagooyin caan adeegga diblomaasiyadeed ee American yimid.

Waxa uu ku dhashay April 7, 1893 in Watertown, New York. si faahfaahsan A cajiib ah, laakiin in da'da siddeed, ka dib markii la dhageysto dadka waaweyn ee doodaha siyaasadeed, Allen ayaa sheegay warqad ayaa hal dhibic u gaar ah ee view, iyo rikoorkiisa, daabacay qaab buug yar, ayaa noqday loo iibsado a. In iyaga, uu ugu quwad qaaday dhinaca kuwa dareemay "xanaaqin".

Indheynta lagu fuliyay of diblomaasi

Ka dib markii qalin jabiyay 1914 Prinstaunsky University Dulles safray badan, booqashada Hindiya, Shiinaha iyo Bariga Fog. Back ee dalka Maraykanka, waxa muuqata ma aha iyada oo aan ilaalinta qoyska galay adeega diblomaasiyadeed oo qaatay sano ee soo socda, haya jagooyinka kala duwan ee Vienna, Berlin iyo Constantinople. Sida wakiilka Mareykanka Allen qaybqaatay wada xaajoodka la xidhiidha dhammaadka dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, by inuu ogolaado gaar ah uu u lahaa in ay ka qayb qaataan hawlaha sirdoonka halkii diblomaasiyadeed.

Mawqifkaa waxaa la Allen Civil Service Dulles uu ka George Washington University oo muddo ka qalin xubin ka ahaa shirkad sharciga, laakiin, sida muuqata, oo aan dareen call si ay shaqo this, ugu dhakhsaha badan isaga tagay. Sii ay hawsha ugu weyn, inta lagu guda jiro da'da ah, wuxuu ka qaybgalay tiro ka mid ah shirarka waaweyn ee caalamiga ah.

Madaxa sirdoonka Maraykanka

Bilowga ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, Dulles tiriyey shaqaalaha xafiiska cusub ee abuuray Adeegyada Istiraatiijiga ah, iyo in laba sano ayaa noqday kii madaxa u ahaa xarunta sirdoonka uu Bern. Laakiin dhab ahaantii tub ee mustaqbalkiisa uu ahaa aasaaska dagaalka kadib, Hay'adda US Central Intelligence (CIA), si toos ah Madaxweynaha jideeyey, oo loogu talagalay fulinta si degdeg ah hawlihiisa, iyo si ay u fuliyaan hawlgallo qarsoon. Waxaa markaas ahaa, sida laga soo xigtay cilmi badan, "caqiido of Allen Dulles" ku caan lagu uuraysan. In 1945, waxay noqotay taariikhda iyada dhalashada.

Siddeed sano ka qaatay madaxa sirdoonka Maraykanka, waxay ahayd ugu xumaa ee mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed, kaas oo la kala gooyey ee 1961 ka dib isku day fashilmay in uu weeraro ciidamada qalabka sida American ee Cuba. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in, sida laga soo xigtay khubaro, eed ugu weyn jiifay ee fashilka hawlgalka si toos ah Madaxweynaha Maraykanka, Dulles laga saaray.

Author document jiritaan la'aanta

oo dheeraad ah sideed sano ka dib ka tago adeegga madaniga ah ka dib markii, madaxii hore ee CIA ahaa qoraaga of dhowr buugaag ku saabsan siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda, iyo sidoo kale ka qayb-galay barnaamijyo badan oo TV iyo raadiyaha. Waxaa loo arkaa in ay tahay iyaga oo ku dhawaajisay caan cilmiga military ee Allen Dulles. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cilmi-waxay yidhaahdaan, dokumentiga sida la saxiixiisa ah kajirin.

Baaritaanka A faahfaahsan oo dheeraad ah ee cilmiga loo aaneeyey inay isaga, oo la xiriira suuragalnimada in tallaabo militari oo ka dhan Midowga Soofiyeeti, waxaa iska cad in ay tahay is diyaariyey in August 1948, Golaha Ammaanka Qaranka ee Mareykanka. In uu inta badan waa in loo gudbiyaa sida cilmiga Allen Dulles - Agaasimaha CIA.

1945, kaas oo ku dhamaaday dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, ayaa noqday, dhab ahaantii, sababta keeno in arrinta Maraykanka iyo xiriirka mustaqbalka Midowga Soofiyeeti ee. Waxa ay ahayd inta lagu jiro xilliga this of sokeeye shalay ahaayeen in ay qaataan go'aamada muhiimka ah oo duurka ku ah siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda. In this la xidhiidha, in mid ka mid ah kulamada ee Congress iyo dhigtay warbixin, u sabab ah Allen Dulles, inkastoo, sida laga soo xigtay cilmi, kuwaas oo lahaa xiriirta jirin mid isaga shaqsi ahaan ama ururkiisa.

Qodobka 20/1 ee Isfahamka

Sida laga soo xigtay qoraalka ah ee dokumentiga, kuwa dhigooda ah maanta oo waxay noqdeen loo yaqaan Isfahamka 20/1, caqabadaha haysta dowladda Maraykanka, ayaa lagu kala qaybiyey laba kooxood. Ka hore waa liiska tallaabooyinka loo baahan yahay in ay dhacdo dagaalka kula Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo guusha iyaga u taliya. Suurtagalnimada ee is burburinta aan xisaabta lagu darsadaa. kooxda labaad si ay u eegaan dhibaatada, kuwaas oo lahaa si ay go'aan haddii ay dhacdo in koorsada dhacdooyinka noqonin mid horseeda in iska hor imaad ciidan.

seenyo aan faragelin military

Tani waxa loogu yeero doorasho nabad ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay bixisaa tiro tallaabooyin gaar ah oo loogu talagalay in lagu yareeyo xoogga military iyo saamaynta caalamiga ah ee Moscow. Ka fiirsaneysa Midowga Soofiyeeti sida ay khatar ku tahay warbaahinta dunida, is ka dhigaya sida saameynta uu xukuumadda in isbeddelka ka dhacay, aragti iyo hawlgelin siyaasadaha caalamiga ah sameeyaan.

Waxaan la soco in marayay in falalka iyaga u gaar ah ee saaxadda caalamiga ah, sida ururka of markii la afgembiyey Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Mossadegh ee Iran (1953), Madaxweynaha Arbenz ee Guatemala (1954), iyada oo sidoo kale ka mid ah madaxda kale ee disagreeable siyaasiyiinta dibada dareemay saamiyada arrin u qalma. Xitaa duulaankii guuldareystay ee Cuba wax uusan iyaga keeni kuwo Qoomameeya.

Dabcan Power of action

Sida for horumar ah goob milatari, Isfahamka 20/1, marar badan wakiil sida "cilmiga Dulles" Looguma tala gelin inuu mashquulin dalka oo dhan, in view of waasicinnay aan caadi ahayn ee dhulkeeda. Sidoo kale, waxaa jira adagtahay ee rogida xoog ka mid ah dadka ka mid ah dimuqraadiyadda oo ah qaab kuwaas oo waxaa aqbalay in West ah.

Sababta lagu qorey maqnaanshaha ku dhaqanka taariikheed loo baahdo. Waa in la ogaadaa in falanqeeyayaasha dibada aan loo arkaa arrin ugu muhiimsan - adagtahay buuxda ay ku soo rogi wax xoog in maskaxda dadka. Jeestay taariikhda Russia, ay ka dhigi kara this sahlan.

been abuur ah oo taariikhi ah

Haddaba faah on dokumentiga xaq "Madhabta ee Allen Dulles," qoraalka kuwaas oo, sida ay go'aanka Maxkamadda City Asbest unbaa tilmaansado ay tirada alaabta xagjirka ah. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in qoray shaqada this, kaas oo u muuqday xilligii Dagaalkii Qaboobaa iyo loogu talagalay a suuska qarsoon moral oo ah dadka dalka ayaa la Wadaajiyey Aaway in madaxa hore ee CIA, cilmi casri ah taasi keentaa shaki qaar ka mid ah.

Marka hore, qoraal Ingiriisi ah ee dokumentiga, ugu yaraan version ah kuwaas oo waxaa lagu yaqaanay, marna si rasmi ah uma uu wakiil, iyo dhamaan taageerayaasha ay xaqiiq tahay si gaar ah tixraac turjumaad Ruush. Marka labaad, waxbarasho faahfaahsan Madhabta Dulles doodii shaqsi la yaab leh u ekaan khadadka si fiican u yaqaan shuqulladaada oo dhan AS Ivanov, "weligeed Call", in version ah oo la baahiyay 1981.

Qishka soo saaray fikirka siyaasadeed

Gaar ahaan, cilmi badan oo sameeyay isku midka ah ka dhexeeya ay ku jirto cilmiga post-dagaal ee Allen Dulles, iyo qoraalka ku lifaaqan Anatoliem Ivanovym ah oo afka dabeecadda xun ee uu sheeko "weligeed Call" - the White Guard hore, wuxuu ahaa in hawshii Jarmalka. In labada kiisaska, waxaa jira calls for gudbinta dadka Soviet ee ay suuska moral, iyo is barbardhig qoraalo waxay muujinaysaa aqoonsiga semantic dhamaystiran.

Intaa waxaa dheer, cilmiga Allen Dulles - Agaasimaha CIA, si weyn axdiga uugu ku aflagaada ee geesiga ah ee sheeko ku FM Dostoyevsky ee "Jinniyona" - Petra Verhovenskogo. Si taas loo arko, waxa ku filan in furitaanka wax soo saarka, diiradda erayadii uu on in la sameeyo xoogga dadka u taliya, oo isaga iyo dadka kale isaga oo kale ah waxaa la sii socotay inay u leexdo xagga a "nac weyn, oo miridhkeeda, hadayana jirin".

Siyaabaha gaaro goolka noocan oo kale ah Verhovensky arkaa rogida oo ka mid ah dadweynaha kala duwan ee sakhraannimo, tumaya iyo denunciation. Waxa ugu weyn ee - waa la bedelay ee tilmaamaha run moral khayaali ah iyo falalka loola jeedo in lagu kala dadkii oo xididdada ka ruuxiga ah uu u dhashay.

Ugu dambayntiina, sababaha kuwaas ka dhawaajiyaan ka sheekaysay George Dold-Mikhailik "At Black Knights", taas oo u muuqday on gadhi dukaamada buuggta ee dalka 1965. In waxa ka mid ah jilayaasha, iyo baahinaya waddooyinku ku keentay in hallaabay moral ee bulshada, marka lagu daro tallaabooyin kale, waxa ay diiradda saartaa bedelay diinta runta ah, ku waani inay dadka ku lug Ummadihii keligii. Waxaa intaa dheer, ay ka maqan yihiin sida lagu talinayaa in ay aasaaska degdeg ah.

In Search ee faalsada ah Author ah

All this, waxaan idinku leeyahay waxaa laga yaabaa in, "barnaamij hawleed", ee kala duwan, waxaa ka mid ah "cilmiga Dulles" hoos tixgelin. Shaki kuma jiro in ay text waa, in fact, Qishka, uruurinta exposures shaqsi qaaday by qoraaga (ama qorayaasha) suugaanta afka-Ruush kala duwan. Marka tan la eego, oo qoray ee diblomaasi iyo sirdoonka wakiil American noqdo xitaa laga yaabo yar.

Yaa, ka dibna, waa abuuray ee maqaalo daandaansi ah, loo yaqaan "Dulles cilmiga"? Su'aashani waxay si dhib leh u noqon doonaa suurto gal ah in la helo jawaab qeexan. Laakiin kuwanu waa gool la eryaday qoraaga, waa arrin iska cad haddii aynu eegno bilowgii sagaashankii ah, xaalad ay dukumintiga waxaa si weyn loo ansixiyay.

Hoos u dhaca iska hor imaad ay sabab u habeyn

Wax yar ka hor in, in ku tiris ah daahay, taamyeelay ee loo yaqaan dagaalkii qaboobaa - muddo ah iska hor imaad siyaasadeed ee u dhexeeya bariga iyo dalalka reer galbeedka, xerada, kaas oo madax u ah Maraykanka. Out oo ka mid ah la soo dhaafay caan Iron daah, iyo in xiriirka u dhexeeya labada dhinac caddaatay ma kululaaneysa oo keliya, laakiin sidoo kale isbeddellada ku wada muuqata of horjeeda shalay.

Nasiib darro, waayo-aragnimo ayaa muujisay in xitaa in muddo ah xiisado dheecaan sixitaanka in la socday, kuwaas oo geedi socodka wanaagsan oo aan ku habboon oo dhan. Aad ugu dhaqsiyaha badan, ee labada xeryaha tusay horjeeda ay dhagar iyo gabbaad u isticmaalaan in ay halganka si walba la heli karo iyaga.

been abuur ah transatlantic

Waxaa suurto gal ah in dadka doonaya in ay soo noqdaan ra'yiga dadweynaha ka dhanka ah dadka ku nool wadamada CIS, dawladda Maraykanka, ayaa lagu sameeyo oo la rido nooc ka mid ah gaadiidka been abuur ah, soo bandhigay sida "caqiido of Allen Dulles" (Agaasimaha CIA). In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in ay text waa taxane ah oo cry oo shuqullada suugaanta afka-Ruush, oo si rasmi ah US dhib noqon karaa calaamad, waxaa suurtagal ah in qoraaga weli waa in la doondoonay dibada.

doodaha noocan oo kale ah sida "The Madhabta ee Allen Dulles 'CIA iyo kharribaa fikirka - set arrin habboon ee" sheekooyin naxdin "in ay saamayn ku yeelato maskaxda dadka oo sannado badan jiray sarkhaansan dacaayad Soviet, oo wakiil ka ah dunida reer galbeedka u yahay col iman kara. Against fikirka lagu hafray this si fiican u ciyaari karo horjeeda dibada ah hababka ugu fiican in ay biloowday in ay sagaashankii hore.

Xisaabinta ma suuroobin in ilaa xad la filayaa abuuray ee faalsada ah, iyo Allen Dulles ma noqon calaamad u ah khatarta murunka dunida reer galbeedka. Maanta, caadi ah ee xiriirka u dhexeeya Mareykanka iyo Russia weli wakiil beerta balaadhan oo ah hawlqabadka diblomaasiyiinta labada dal, laakiin sababaha waxaa ka mid ah, si ka duwan.