Malevich ee shaqada sanadihii la soo dhaafay: description, sawir

shuqullada Malevich wakiil qaar ka mid ah daliilka ugu caansan fanka casriga ah aan la taaban karin ee jeer. Founder of Suprematism, artist Ruush iyo Soviet dunida ka mid ah taariikhda fanka ku soo gashay iyadoo rinjiyeynta "Black Square", laakiin kaliya ee shaqadan, uu shaqada halkeeda kuma joogsan doonto. Iyada oo shuqullada ugu caansan ee artist ah waa in la yaqaan, nin kasta cultured.

Aragtiyaha iyo dad xirfadlay ah farshaxanka casriga ah

shaqada Malevich ayaa si cad u fikiri xaaladda bulshada ee bilowgii qarnigii XX ah. Farshaxankii ku dhashay Kiev ee 1879.

Sida laga soo xigtay in uu sheeko u gaar ah ee buugiisa, bandhig dadweynaha ee artist bilaabay in Kursk ee 1898, inkasta oo ay jiraan wax caddayn dokumeenti waayo, waxyaalahan laguma shaaca ka qaaday.

In 1905 wuxuu isku dayay in ay galaan School Moscow ee Rinjiyeynta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isagu ma uu aqbalay. Waqtigaas, Kursk Malevich hadhay qoyska - naagtiisii iyo carruurtiisii Zgleyts Casimir. In noloshooda shakhsi kala ah, sidaas darteed xitaa ma soo galay, Malevich ma doonayaan in ay dib ugu Kursk tagaan. Farshaxankii degay Lefortovo in bulsho ee farshaxanka. The rinjiile weyn Kurdyumova noolaa 300 Ranjiilayaasha. Malevich ku noolaa bulsho ee muddo lix bilood ah, laakiin, in kasta oo ay kirooyinka aad u hooseeya, lacagta ka soo orday lix bilood ka dib, waxa uu weli u lahaa in ay dib ugu Kursk tagaan.

Ugu dambeyntii, Malevich dhaqaaqay Moscow kaliya ee 1907. Waxa uu ka qayb galay fasalada by Fedora Rerberga. In 1910 wuxuu bilaabay inuu ka qayb bandhigyo ururka hal abuur leh ee hore wax-uqabso , "Jack of Diamonds." Picture waxay bilaabeen inay soo baxaan, oo waxay isagii u keeneen warkiisii caalamiga ah iyo aqoonsiga.

"Suprematist Curiska"

In 1916, shuqulka Malevich horeba si fiican u yaqaan ee caasimada. "Suprematist Curiska" muuqataa waqtiga. Waxaa ku qoran saliid on shiraac. Sannadkii 2008 waxaa la iibisay kabta dahabka, "Sotheby ee" $ 60 million.

At xaraashka kor saaray dhaxla iyada artist ah. In 1927, waxaa lagu soo bandhigay carwo ee Berlin.

At furitaanka gallery waxaa ka wakiil ay Malevich qudhiisa, laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan uu lahaa inuu ku soo laabto, sababtoo ah mas'uuliyiinta Soviet ma cusboonaysiin uu visa dibada. shuqulkii oo dhan, oo wuxuu lahaa oo ah inuu ka tago. Waxaa jiray oo ku saabsan 70. The mas'uul ka dhise Jarmal ayaa loo magacaabay Hugo Haring. Malevich ayaa la filayay inuu ku soo laabto sawirada mustaqbalka dhow, laakiin dibada mar dambe u sii daayay.

Ka hor inta uu dhintay, Haring maray shuqulka Malevich, kuwaas oo hayay sanado badan uu magaalada Amsterdam Museum (sidoo kale loo yaqaan Steleleyk Museum) oo dhan. Hering ayaa soo gabagabeeyay heshiis, sida laga soo xigtay taas oo sanad kasta matxafka lahaa in 12 sano si ay isaga bixiso xaddi gaar ah. Ugu dambayntii, isla markiiba ka dib dhimashadii dhise ee, qaraabada uu, u fuliyaan dhaxalka, waxaan ka helnay lacagta oo dhan hal mar. Sidaas darteed, "ayuu Suprematist Curiska" dhuftay aasaaskii Museum Amsterdam City ka.

The dhaxla Malevich qaaday isku dayo inuu ku laabto sawirka, tan iyo markii 70-mada ay qarnigii XX. Laakiinse iyagu ma ay ahaayeen guulo.

In 2002 oo keliya, 14 shuqullada ka museum Amsterdam waxaa lagu soo bandhigay carwada "Kazimir Suprematism Malevich.." Waxaa lagu qabtay Museum Guggenheim ee dalka Maraykanka. dhaxla Malevich, qaar ka mid ah ay yihiin muwaadiniin of America, gudbiyay dacwad ka dhan ah matxaf Dutch. Gallery Guide tegey on a heshiis dacwadda ka hor. Sida ay natiijada 5 of 36 farshaxankiisa by artist ka soo noqotay farcankiisa. Halkii dhaxla diiday sheegashada dheeraad ah.

Masawirka waxaa weli rinjiyeynta ugu qaalisan by artist Ruush abid iibisay kabta dahabka.

"Black Square"

"Black Square" by Malevich waa mid ka mid ah uu ugu hadlay oo ku saabsan shuqullada. Waa qayb ka mid ah wareegga ah ee shuqullada artist ah, ka go'an in ay Suprematism waa. In waxa, uu sahamiyey ka muuqaalada aasaasiga ah ee ay ka kooban iyo Nuur. Intaa waxaa dheer in ay laba jibbaaran, in rinjiyeynta xaadirka triptych "Black Cross" iyo "Black Circle".

Rinjiyaynta Malevich qoray 1915. shaqo ayaa la sameeyey bandhig kama dambaysta ah ee Futurists ah. shaqada Malevich ee ah "0,10" ee 1915 ayaa lagu dhegaysanayay, sidaas si la hadasho, ee "geeska cas". Meeshii icon ah loo dhigay "Black Square" dhaqan ahaan u dhegaysanayay buulal Ruush. The ugu dahsoon iyo sawirka ugu daran ee taariikhda rinjiyeynta Ruush.

Saddex muuqaalo Suprematist muhiimka ah - square, iskutallaabta iyo goobo, in aragtida ah ee farshaxanka waxaa loo arkaa xaquuqda in kicin dhibaatooyin dheeraad ah ee nidaamka oo dhan Suprematist. Waxaa iyaga si ay mustaqbalka ka dhalatay noocyo cusub Suprematist.

cilmi badan oo artist si joogta ah isku dayeen in ay ka heli version asalka ah ee sawirka, in la yaaliin hoos lakabka sare ee rinjiga. Sayidka, ee X-ray ayaa la fuliyay 2015. Sidaas darteed, waxaa u suurtagashay in ay ka jaraan labada images midabka, kuwaasi oo ay ku yaalaan on shiraac isku. Waxaa markii hore barbaro kubofuturisticheskogo halabuurka, iyo wixii ka sarreeya waa sidoo kale protosuprematicheskaya. Markaas oo keliya dhan ka buuxsamay kvardrat madow.

Qubarada waxa kale oo ay awoodaan in ay rayi Looxii oo artist ka tegey on shiraac ah. Kuwanu waa erayadii "Battle of Negroes godka mugdiga ah", kaas oo tixraac saarka caanka ah khubarada tahay monochrome Alfonsa Alle, oo uu ku abuuray 1882.

Waxaa soo beegay magaca bandhiga, taas oo soo bandhigay shuqulkii Malevich. Photos ka vernissage weli waxaa laga heli karaa archives jir iyo joornaalada waqtiga. Joogitaanka 10 lambar tilmaamaya tirada la saadaaliyey ee ka qaybgalayaashu qaabiyaasha. Laakiin waxba ku yidhi ku saabsan waxa ay noqon doontaa soo bandhigay "sanduuqa madow" kaas oo, sida laga soo xigtay qoraaga, la doonayo in lagu yareeyo wax kasta eber.

saddex jibbaaran

Intaa waxaa dheer in ay "Black Square" in shuqullada Malevich ahaayeen dhowr ka mid ah qaababka joomateri. Haa, iyo "Black Square" markii hore ahaa saddex xagalka fudud. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa ma xaglo xaq u adag. Sidaa darteed, ka barta of view of kaliya joomatari waa afar geesle, oo aan square ah. taariikhyahanadu Art ayaa sheegaya in in dhammaan ma aha dayacaad ka mid ah qoraaga, iyo in meel ka mid ah mabda '. Malevich isku dayay in la abuuro qaab kaamil ah, kaas oo noqon lahaa kuwo ku firfircoon oo mobile.

Sidoo kale, waxaa jira laba shuqullada by Malevich - god. Tani waa "Red Square" iyo "White Square". rinjiyeynta The "Red Square" ayaa lagu muujiyay at bandhiga wax-uqabso ah "0,10". square White muuqday 1918. Inkasta oo shuqulkii Malevich, sawir ah oo maanta ku jira buugga mid ka mid ah tahay, la kulma marxaladda xilliga "cad" ee Suprematism.

"Dhuur ee Suprematism"

Laga soo bilaabo 1920 in 1922, Malevich waxaa ka shaqeeya on rinjiyeynta ah "dhuur ee Suprematism." Waxa kale oo loo yaqaan "cross madow on gadood cas." Shiraac rinjiyeeyay saliid on shiraac. sidoo kale Waxaa la iibisay kabta dahabka ah, "Sotheby ayaa" ku dhowaad 37 kun oo doolar.

By waaweyn iyo, rinjiyeynta ka socota qaddar ee "design Suprematist", taas oo hore loo sheegay. Waxay sidoo kale u muuqday in ururinta oo ka mid ah Museum of Amsterdam, iyo kaliya ka dib markii dhaxla daaweynta Malevich maxkamadda, ay awoodaan in ay dib ugu yaraan qayb ka mid ah farshaxankiisa ku ahaayeen.

"Suprematism. 18 design"

shuqulkii Malevich, photos ay magacyadii reer binu oo laga heli karaa buugga kasta oo ku saabsan taariikhda farshaxanka, captivate iyo galaan dareenka.

rinjiyeynta kale oo xiiso leh - rinjiyeynta, Written ee 1915 "Suprematism 18 dhismaha.". At xaraashka, "Sotheby ee" la iibshay 2015 ku dhawaad $ 34 million. Waxay sidoo kale u muuqday in gacmaha dhaxla artist ah ka dib markii maxkamad la Museum Amsterdam City ka.

sawir kale, taas oo kor u qarxay Dutch wuxuu noqday "Suprematism: ciyaaryahan xaqiiqo picturesque mass Midabada in aragti afraad.". Waxay helay qofkii lahaa ee 2011. Waxaa la helay by Institute of Art ee Chicago cadadka ma aysan dooneynin inay u sheegaan dadweynaha. Laakiin shaqada ee 1913 - "Desk iyo Room" waxaa laga arki karaa at bandhig weyn oo Malevich in gallery Madrid ee "Tate". Iyo rinjiyeynta la qarsoodi ah soo bandhigay. In loogu tala galay qaabiyaasha - cadda. Ka dib oo dhan, in xaaladaha uu mulkiilaha dhabta ah ee shiraac ah ayaa doonaya in uu sii qarsoodi ah, ayaa ku dhawaaqay in rinjiyeynta waa in ururinta gaar ah. Waxa kale oo uu isticmaalaa ereyada ah aasaas kala duwan.

"Suprematist Curiska"

shuqulkii Malevich, sharaxaad ka mid ah taas oo aad ka heli doonaa in this article idin siin doonaa fikrad si cadaalad dhamaystiran oo cad ee uu shaqada. Tusaale ahaan, hannaanka "Suprematist Curiska" waxaa la abuuray ee 1919-1920. In 2000, at xaraashka ah, "Phillips" waxaa lagu iibin $ 17 million.

qaabkani, in la barbardhigo hore, ka dib markii ay ka tageen Malevich ka Berlin in Midowga Soofiyeeti, ku hadhay Germany. In 1935, waxaa loo keenay agaasimaha Maraykanka ee Museum New York ee Modern Art, Alfred Barr. 20 sano, iyada ayaa muujiyay in Mareykanka ee qaabka guud ee bandhiga "Cubism oo aan la taaban karin Art". Xaqiiqada ah in sawirka u lahaa in ay si deg deg ah soo qaato - in Germany markii naasiga in ay awood u yimid, shaqada Malevich ee ka waayay dhacay. Uu Madaxdannadii Nazi loola jeedaa tusaale ah ee "farshaxanka ba'ay." Agaasimaha First of museum Hanover daab qarsoon ee uu dhulka hoostiisa, ka dibna si qarsoodi ah siiyey Barry, kuwaas oo keenay shaqo ka qiimayn karaa oo dalka Mareykanka ah.

In 1999, ee museum New York ayaa ku soo laabtay dhaxla Malevich sawirka iyo dhowr ka mid ah shuqulladiisa graphic.

Is-sawirka of farshaxanka

In 1910, Malevich rinji uu is-sawirka. Waa mid ka mid ah saddex ka mid ah uu is-Wehbe, rinji muddadaas. Waxaa si fiican u la og yahay in labada kalena waxaa lagu hayaa in madxafyada deegaanka. hawlahaas of Malevich in Tretyakov Gallery waxaa lagu arki karaa.

The saddexaad is-sawirka waxaa iibisay kabta dahabka. Markii hore, waxa uu ahaa in ururinta gaar ah ee Georgiya Kostaki. In 2004, at xaraashka ah, "Christie ee" ee London, a is-sawirka helay qofkii lahaa xaq 162,000 pounds. All, maxaa yeelay, in ka badan 35 sano ee soo socda, qiimaha kordhay ee ku saabsan 35 jeer. Horeba 2015, shiraac ah waxaa iibisay kabta dahabka, "Sotheby ayaa" ku dhowaad 9 milyan oo doolar. Indeed, maal faa'iido.

"Head of ridayeen ah"

Haddii aan u falanqeeyaan shuqulka Malevich muddo sanado ah, waxaa suurtagal ah in la dhiso isbedel la hubo oo aad u aragto sida uu shaqada ayaa u qoondeeyey.

Tusaale darey of this - sawirka "Head of ridayeen a," qoran 1911. In 2014, at xaraashka ah, "Sotheby ee" ee London ayay ka yar dubbihii baxday 3.5 milyan oo doolar.

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay dhagaystayaasha arkay rinjiyeynta ah by Malevich ee 1912 on the "dabada Dameer ee" bandhig, kaas oo uu soo qabanqaabiyay Natalia Goncharova iyo Mihailom Larionovym. Ka dib markii in, ayay ka qaybgalay carwo ee Berlin 1927. Markaasuu wuxuu u dhiibay Malevich Hugo Hering. Horeba isaga ka ag dhaxal maray in isaga, xaaskiisa iyo gabadhiisa. dhaxla Hering iibin rinjiyeynta kaliya ee 1975, uu dhintay ka dib.

Museum Ruush The

shuqulkii Malevich ee Museum Ruush ah si aad u wanaagsan soo bandhigay. Halkan, laga yaabee, waa ururinta ugu qanisan shuqulladiisa. By shuqulka reformer iyo baraha loola dhaqmo si maamuus u, farshaxankiisa ku meeleeyo meelaha ugu ciso badnayn.

Guud ahaan, lacagaha Museum Ruushka ayaa maanta waxaa jira qiyaastii 100 farshaxankiisa, oo lagu daray oo aan ka yarayn 40 naqshadeynta. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah datings cusub. More sax ah. aqonsado ee ururinta, soo bandhigay Museum Ruush ah, wali waa in xaqiiqada ah in shaqo ma aha oo kaliya badan, waxay weli dabooli kala duwan ubalaadhan suurto gal ah ee uu shaqada. Soo bandhigay sida shuqullada hore, ku dhawaad ah tijaabo ugu horeysay ee rinjiyaynta Wehbe macquul ah iyo ka dib, taas oo aanu garan burushka ee artist, kuwaas oo rinji "Black Square".

dhimashada artist ee

Kazimir Malevich ku dhintay Leningrad ee 1935. Sida laga soo xigtay doonistiisa, jirka lagu meeleeyay suprematic sanduuq oo wakiil ka karoos gacmo fidsan iyo gubo ah.