Maria Cantemir: Biography, qoyska. jacaylka Last of Peter Weyn

Gabadhay Maria Moldova Prince Cantemir - jecel ugu dambeeyay ee Peter I. ay hindiga mar hore bilaabay in nolosha dabayaaqadii boqor ugu horeysay Ruush. Waxaa adag by intrigues madaxtooyada iyo guurka si Catherine I. Peter Mary uuraysatay boqorka by, laakiin ilmaha waxaa ugu dhaqsaha badan u dhashay dhintay. Sayidaddeedii ku badbaaday KT for 32 sano.

qoyska

Maria Cantemir waxa uu ku dhashay 1700 in qoyska of Moldavian amiirka Dmitriya Konstantinovicha Kantemira. Childhood ayay ku qaatay Istanbul, halkaas oo aabaheed, oo deggan sare. In 1711 Dmitry taliye ku dhaartay inaan Tsar Ruush ah. Peter de markaas waxaan bilaabay olole Prut ah, ku talo jiray inuu xoojiyo Badda Madow oo ku buriyaan Suldaanka Turkish, kuwaas oo wiilkaagiiba Cantemir, hortay buu jiray. Ololaha millatari ee uu ku guuldareystay. Peter Waxaan u lahaa inuu lasoo saxiixdo heshiis allifey ah, oo uu goostay inuu sii joogo Moldova ee Russia (Peter ugu baaqay in ay "macquul ah oo awood u leh Golaha").

Ka dib markii tusaale ahaan aabbihiis Maria Cantemir, xidid Romania, uu helo waxbarasho Greek. Waxay ogaa Latin iyo kuwa kala afka Talyaaniga, xiddigaha, xisaabta aasaasiga ah, cod karsanaa, falsafad iyo taariikhda. Akhrinta suugaanta qadiimiga ah ee Giriiga Baydka ayaa furay iyada. Waxay ahayd jeclaan of sawir iyo music.

Guuritaanka ee Russia

In 1711, qoyska Maria Cantemir dhaqaaqay Kharkov, oo ahaa in Moscow ee 1713. Intaa waxaa dheer, iyada oo aabbahay lagu siiyo guryaha waaweyn ee Sevsk, iyo gobollada Kursk. Place sida deganaansho joogto ah qoyska jiray tuulo u dhow Moscow iyadoo magaca la taaban karo ee Ciid Black. Waxay ku taallay wadada taas oo horseeday in magaalada cusub ee St. Petersburg. Hore waxaa leh estate ee Prince Vasily Golitsyn - a jecel amiirad Sophia.

Kantemir Mariya Dmitrievna hoydeen guri ka samaysan alwaax, kaas oo lagu dhisay qaab jir Ruush. Floor, la sloping Saanqaag Fidlo ah, waxa uu ahaa mid aad u kala duwan oo ka naqshadaha soo jireenka ah ee ilmaha. Mary xataa lahaa in la ogaado dunida mar kale. Ruush bilaabay inuu iyada baro akhriska iyo qoraalka qoraa iyo turjumaan si fiican u yaqaan Ivan Ilyinsky. Love of reading Mary sidoo kale u muuqday mahad hooyada Cassandra ah, hibo badan oo tayo wanaagsan. Waxa ay ahayd tii uu mas'uul ka ahaa waxbarashada caruurta ee kuwa caadada markii reer aabbihiis oo ma uu samayn karin. Maria ayaa wuxuu lahaa gabadh walaashiis ah oo afar walaalo Smaragd: Matthew Constantine, Sergey iyo Antiyokh (waxay lahaayeen kasta oo kale oo ku saabsan cimilada).

macalinka Istanbul

macalin kale oo saamayn qaddar ee dumar ee la soo dhaafay Petra Velikogo, Anastasius muuqday Kondoidi. ninkanu wuxuu ahaa wadaad Greek iyo nolosha qoyska Cantemirs dib u ah in wakhtiga ugu xiran markay ku noolaa Istanbul. In caasimadda Turkish ah Tsar a Ruush, sida la filayo, waxa ay ahayd shabakada wardoonka ah si taxadar leh conspiratorial. Anastasios Kondoidi booskaasi muhiim ah ka mid ah wakiilada qarsoon Moscow. Isaga oo warbixin uu marayo diblomaasi ee Petra Tolstogo maray. Iyadoo tirinta codadka oo dhan-awooda badan Kantemir Mariya Dmitrievna quudin doonaa xiriirka ay horey magaalada.

Sida Kondoidi, waxa uu ahaa kii soo bandhigay uu qaybta dhaqanka Talyaani (wadaadka waqti badan ku saarney Apennine ku qaatay). Basaasnimo Daahir Riyaale ayaa sababay shaki ku Istanbul, oo wuxuu lahaa in ka xukumayay Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda carari. Oo uu kula midoobay Cantemir ka dib markii ay yimaadaan Russia, iyo in da 'by magaca Athanasius noqday wadaad ah.

Life ee Moscow

Weli hooyo arrin dhallinyarada Maria Cantemir Cassandra ku dhintay 1713 at da'da 32. Exile rar iyadii, iyo baaritaanka la xiriira dhaqaaqo iyo naxdin leh ayaa hoos caafimaadka jilicsan. Carruurta ayaa ku hadhay daryeelka aabbe. Oo wuxuu iyagii siiyey waqtiga oo dhan, ilaa maalintii la dhaqaaqin Cantemirs in Petersburg. Uu sabab ahaa wada ee Dmitry Konstantinovich, iyo Peter.

In 1717 boqorka gaaray Moscow, halkaas oo uu ku noolaa muddo 2.5 bilood. Waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah muddooyinka ugu adag ee nolosha KT. Habeeynimadii of soohdintu waxay by wiilkiisa Alex orday. Haddaba amiirku waa isku dayeen in ay noqdaan Tirada hooyo Tolstoy, iyo Peter in niyadda xun wuxuu ahaa in Moscow. Bilowga ee 1718 ayaa waxaa soo raaca renunciation rasmi carshiga Alexei. Xaflada ee laalista xaq u leeyahay inuu carshiga ka dhacay Cathedral ee male ah. Markaasaa Butros iyo Dmitry Kantemir bilaabeen inay la xiriiraan wax ka badan ka hor. taliye hore ee Moldova waxay bilaabeen inay soo noqnoqda boqorka. Nasiib darro, mawduuca waslad wada hadalka ay waqti iyo weli wax qarsoon.

Aqoon boqorka

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay Maria Cantemir aragtay Butros oo aan in 1711 inta lagu guda jiro xilli Prut ah, markii isaga iyo xaaskiisa Catherine booqday magaalada Moldova ee Iasi. yaqaano Personal qabtay 1717-mitir ee reerkii aabbihiis oo hareeraheeda ah. 1 Peter, arrimaha qoyska uga qabtaan (laabtay Tsarevich Alexei ku dhintay xabsi), oo lagu helay in laga takhaluso badan oo ka tirsan uu ku dhow, kii uu tuhunsan yahay khiyaamo qaran. Haddaba boqorkii ahaa ee u baahan dad cusub. Dhab ahaantii waxa uu sharaxayaa uu caqabad Dmitriya Kantemira at St. Petersburg.

Siidi by Moldavian amiirka siday noqotay mid gaabis ah in ay u guuraan, ma uusan dooneynin inuu ka tago Moscow. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isagu ma lagu diidi karo boqorka laga cabsado. Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan uu aasaasay magaalada ayuu ka qaaday isaga iyo carruurta la, oo ay ku jiraan Mary dhallinyarada. Petersburg soo dhaweeyay martida loo arag in Moscow ku saabsan bulshada sare. Nin sharaf leh 57-sano jir ah in jacaylka dhacay qurux Sirkaalkii Anastasiyu Trubetskuyu, kan uu wax yar ka guursaday. Ka dib markii this jeedo aan la filayn ee Princess Maria Cantemir lagu qasbay in ay macsalaameeyay xoogga hore ee nolosha u xiran yihiin.

In caasimadda,

Petersburg ugu sareeya caadooyinka nool iftiin boqorkii sida. 1 Peter way taagnaan kari waayeen patriarchy Moscow, oo wuxuu sameeyey wuxuu joogay caasimada cusub oo caadooyinka Western. Waayo, Mary, kaasoo ku dhashay Moldova, amar caynkaas ah ayay sidii hore ka sii aan caadi ahayn. Waxay ka meermeerayo bixiyey iyada caadaysi dharka bariga iyo gashaday dharkii moodada Yurub ee Petersburg.

Dmitry Kantemir naagtiisa yar yar iyo gabadhiisa ugu weynaa ayaa la marti ku ahaa joogto ah boqorku ugu dabaal. Peter jecel yahay in uu abaabulo kiniisadood, kobaha iyo qoob. Gaar badan ahaayeen fasaxa qaboobaha 1721-1722 GG., Ka dib markii ay guul ka Ruush Sweden War Northern ah. Peter labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ka hor inta, wuxuu si joogto ah uu ahaa wadada ama ciidanka. Waxa uu ku noolaa on jadwalka ka baxsan oo kaliya u helay in ay ka shaqeeyaan iyada oo ay dalka. Hadda waxa toddobaadkii of dabaal loo arag. Waxay soo baxday in apotheosis ah kuwaas oo dhowr maalmood ka socday calajadda farxad leh. Maria Cantemir iyo Peter marka hore la kulmay dhowr jeer in this iidda aan dhamaanayn. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay arkeen kasta oo kale, maxaa yeelay, shuqulka wadajir ah oo ka mid ah boqorkii iyo Prince Dmitry.

Sultana

Waxay isku xidhxidhaan ka badan in kasta Maria Cantemir iyo Peter kale? First of dhan Moldova Princess ahayd mid aad u aqoon, iyo gaar ahaan heerka dumarka caadiga ah iyo caanka Ruush ee wakhtigaas. Waxaa la og yahay in Butros ayaa erudition ballaadhan iyo aqoon korodhsiga. Wuxuu ahaa jeclaan sayniska iyo joogto ah oo gaarey wax cusub. Intaa waxaa dheer, Mary ahaa ka dumarka xaqiiqda ah in ay jiraan ahaayeen shisheeyayaal badan, iyo gaar ahaan Greek waxa ku jira oo kala duwan. On bannaanka ka ah gabdhaha ku dhowaad waxba loo yaqaan. Its Wehbe taariikhiga ah ayaa darjada rinji iyo waa at saffarro macluumaad kala daadsan.

Gabadha si deg deg ah ay addeecin soo jiidashada ee Peter. Dhanka kale, Maria Cantemir aabihiis u sii socotay inay soo saari gabar xaas. gacmaheeda weydiiyay Prince Ivan Dolgoruky. Dmitry K. siiyey oggolaansho, laakiin Maria, kaasoo horay amarkooda la Emperor ah, ayaa diiday in uu meydhaa. Waa in la ogaadaa in boqorkii ku noolaa guurka. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa naag - Empress Catherine ah I. mustaqbalka Waxa aan ahaa kaliya naagtii gooyo. Catherine hadhay saaxiib muddo dheer KT. Naagtiisii waxay isagii la socday on olole militari oo kama xishoodo ee arrimaha guud ee dadweynaha. Beddel waxa aan ahaa fudud.

uurka

In 1722 Dmitry Kantemir warqad faahfaahsan u sameeyaan boqoradda, taas oo uu ku sharaxay qoray, wuxuu lahaa fikrad ah kama saabsan gabadhii KT ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, biographers iyo taariikhyahanadu ku heshiiyaan in opinion, in amiirka ahaa ku jiifay. dhexdhexaadiye A dhexeeya isaga iyo Catherine ahaa Tirinta isla Pyotr Tolstoy, loo yaqaan for its mu'aamaraad. The ahaa taliyihii hore ee hami rajaynayo in lover Emperor Petra Velikogo ugu danbeyn uu naagtiisa ka noqon doonaa, oo Cantemir Romanovs iyo midoobaan in guur saldanadii.

Qorshayaasha Dmitry Konstantinovich u dhaw in ay fulinta, markii la ogaaday in Mary ahaa uurka leh. Dhanka kale, Peter waa daal nolosha dadka rayidka ah iyo inuu ka abaabulay olole Faaris. Going bari, haddii taasu ay isaga iyo gabadhiisa Dmitry sida Suite qaaday. Cantemir loo baahan yahay boqor rafcaanka afka Turkish ee deggan gobollada xadka ay la wadaagto dalka Faaris.

bixinta lagu guulaysan

duulaan The bilaabay in Faaris ka jaaket ee July 1722. Peter dhawr bilood ku xayiran in dagaal cusub. Inkasta oo waxa aan ahaa, Mary, oo weli la jaaket, umushay. Waxay ogol yahay wiilka, laakiin ilmaha soo baxday in dhicis ah oo si dhakhso ah u dhintay. dhimashada ilmaha ka dib markii ay qorshaynayso Dmitriya Kantemira guurka Peter ee gabadhiisa firdheen. Waxaa intaa dheer, inta lagu guda jiro xilli Faaris Prince ahaa si xun u xanuunsan. Waxa uu si degdeg ah uu ahaa tabes (cudur la mid ah ku dhinteen walaasheed Maryan Smaragd).

waqti dheer Cantemir kuma uu dhicin inuu ka tago jaaket ah. Ugu dambeyntii, waxa uu abuurayaa waddo jiilaalka xoog leh. Marka ugu horeysa qoyska ay qorsheynayso in ay Moscow, laakiin ay jidka ku galay guryaha ah ee casriga ah Dmitrovka Orel jeestay. Waxaa Dmitriyu Konstantinovichu noqday xitaa ka sii daran. Mary ee Aabbahayo wuxuu ku dhintay on September 1, 1723.

dhimashada Butros

Princess Maria Cantemir, kuwaas oo Biography waa tusaale caadiga ah ee waxay sayidaddeedii ku diiday, dalkii uu dhaxalka u helay, laakiin waxaa dhab furay ka dayrka. In meel this, iyada waxaa ku hawlan arrimaha qoyska. Gabadh ayaa ka tagay walaalaha afar yaraa iyo walaashay aad u yar oo ka guurka labaad ee uu aabbihiis.

Xaaladda bedeshay ka dib dayrta ee 1724. Catherine bilaabay amarna la camera-arday Villim Mons. On arrintan la xiriira, waxa ogaaday in boqorka. Peter waxaan ahaa mid laga cabsado xanaaq. Oo wuxuu reer Mons, laakiin ma aniga iyo xaaskeyga, taas oo aan muddo dheer ka hor inta uu madaxa loo saaraa taaj ka dhigay kii dhaxalka lahaa oo carshiga ku macaamiloon. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay xidhiidh la burburiyay. Markaas Butros ayaa mar kale ka dhigay saaxiibo la Maria Cantemir. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyo waqtigan boqorka ee isgaarsiinta jecel yahay, oo waxaa lagu ma ku Qaddarray in ay sii wadaan. Bilowga ee 1725 KT uu xanuunsaday oo ku dhintay 8 February.

nolosha Later

Iyada oo dhimashada Peter Maria uu ahaa mid Caayan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu socday muddo gaaban. Markii ay ku dhinteen 1727 Catherine aan, amiirad mar kale noqon courtly. Marka ugu horeysa iyadu waxay degganayd St. Petersburg, laakiin markaas u dhaqaaqay Moscow u dhaw in ay walaalaha intii ka adeegi jirtay Carshiga koowaad. Maria riyaaqay Nicmada Natalia - ee Emperor Peter baan walaashay, iyo taliyihii xiga ee Anna Ivanovna in 1830 ka dhigay iyada addoon u ah sharaf.

Cantemir marnaba guursaday. xiriirka qoyska iyada ayaa ku koobnayn daryeelka walaalaha iyo dhaaranay badan oo uu ku-aayo isku da'da. muuqday barta A of dood, dabcan, dhaxlo. In 1730kii Mary D. ku jira gurigooda Moscow salon suugaanta. Si aad iyada raadinaya taliyihii ku xigeenka ee St. Petersburg Fedor Naumov, laakiin waxaa diiday.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay

In 1741, Mary xaadir ku ahaa dabaaldega ah ee Elizabeth, kuwaas oo kor u carshiga ka dib markii a Inqilaab. Mid ka mid ah walaalo ah Duchess, Antiyokh, u dhaqaaqay Paris. Qaraabada dhawray xiiso taariikhyahanadu waraaqaha ee Greek casriga ah iyo Talyaani.

In 1745, uu jecel yahay ka mid ah Peter aan ka helay estate Ulitkino dhow Moscow, halkaas oo bogsiiyey nolosha cabbiro xasilloon. Waxaa iyadu waxay dhistay kaniisad cusub, iyo in doonistiisa ayaa sheegay in uu doonayo in uu ka soo muuqan on goobta of keniisad macbudka. Maria dhintay on September 9, 1757.