Meeday jasiiradda of Spitsbergen. Jasiiradda Svalbard leh?

Jasiiradda Svalbard weli for Ruushku ugu, nooc ka mid ah "Terra Incognita" - dalkii hoosta xarriiqay. Dadka qaar ayaa xitaa waxa ku adag in ay ka jawaabaan su'aasha ah ee dhalashada ee dhulka. Dadka intooda badan la ogaado oo kaliya in Svalbard yaalo meel fog waqooyiga, ka baxsan Circle Arctic iyo Ruushka waxa uu xaq u leeyahay qaar ka mid ah.

Haddii ay lagama maarmaan tahay inay is barbar dhigaan jasiiradda la Kurils ah? Waxaan sharxi doona su'aasha hoose. In kasta oo meel ka mid ah "ku dhawaad Cidhifka Waqooyi ee", safarka si Svalbard waa kuwo caan ah. Wixii macluumaad ah oo ku saabsan marka si ay u tagaan meel horjeeda ee dalka, halkaas oo ay sii joogaan iyo waxa ay u arkaan, waxaan ku tilmaami doonaa in this article.

Meeday jasiiradda of Spitsbergen

Bal aan ka bilowno beddelka yar. Xaqiiqada ah in qeexitaanka "jasiiradda" ee la xiriirta Svalbard noqon doonaan sax ahayn. jasiiradaha Tani. Waxaa been hal saac oo duulimaad ah nus ka Cidhifka Waqooyi. Oo maxaa yeelay muuqaalka caadiga ah - cidlada baraf aan dhammaadka lahayn, jirkiisa, orso oo kala horjeeda.

jasiiradaha, iyadoo meel tirada guud ee kow iyo lixdan kun oo kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran, waxay ka kooban tahay saddex jasiiradood oo waaweyn, iyo toddoba yar oo tiro badan oo aad u yar. Runtii degi doonaan oo kaliya ugu weyn - West Spitsbergen (37,673 km ^2). Waxaa garoonka diyaaradaha ka mid ah oo keliya iyo caasimadda ah ee gobolka, magaalada Longyearbyen.

waxa ka sokow, Spitsbergen West waxaa jira tuulooyinka: Barentsburg, Ny-Ålesund, Grumant iyo Ahraam. laba la soo dhaafay ayaa haatan ka goostay. On jasiiradaha kale (the Land North-East, Edge, Barents, White, Kongsøya, Wilhelm Svenskøya) dadka ku noolayn in ka badan dersin, iyo xataa markaas kaliya xagaaga. Tirada dadka ee jasiiradaha oo dhan waa ka yar saddex kun oo qof.

cimilada

Spitsbergen Island been badweynta Arctic u dhexeeya 76 m iyo 80 digrii loolka waqooyiga iyo 10 ° -32 ° of dhigaha bari. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, nidaamka this macnaheedu ma aha in jasiiradaha - a cidla ah Arctic adag. Webiga Sababo Shpitsbergskomu (laan ka mid ah Stream Khaliijka) Badda xeebaha marnaba laga fariisiyo. Cimilada jasiiradaha ma aha sida aad u daran sida meelo kale oo ku saabsan loolka isku. Tusaale ahaan, heerkulka celceliska bisha Janaayo halkan 11-15 digrii ka hooseeya eber. oo kaliya in ay +6 ° C jiifa heerkulbeegga July.

xilliga dalxiiska ayaa waxaa jira laba: ka March in laga yaabaa yimaadaan taageerayaasha of xiiso qaboobaha oo doonaya inuu ku biiro jiilaalka adag kala horjeeda. Waxay Koraan on baabuurta barafka, bogi nalalka waqooyiga. Laga soo bilaabo June si ay u August jasiiradaha booqday by dad aad u kala duwan. Dalxiisayaal ku raaxaystaan maalintii kala horjeeda, dhexdooda icebergs kayaking, daawashada ee orso oo kala horjeeda. Waxaa jira kuwa u aragto jasiiradaha sida saldhiga transit ku saabsan habka ay u North Pole ah.

dabeecadda

Noorwiijiga wac jasiiradda of Spitsbergen Svalbard, taasoo la micno ah "laayeen baraf ah." A Holland Barents magacaabay jasiiradaha ma aha on sifooyinka cimilada, iyo in gargaarka - ". Mountains tilmaamay" Afka discoverer of this u muuqataa sidii a Spitz-Bergen. peak ee ugu sareeya waa Newton. Waxay ku taalaa ee Spitsbergen West ah. Its height ma aha mid aad u weyn - 1712 oo mitir, laakiin booska juquraafi buuraha waxa ay taasi dhagax baraf qariyey ah.

By habka, glaciers u daboolaan oo ka badan nus degaanka ee jasiiradaha oo dhan. Xitaa xagaaga waxaad ka heli kartaa jasiiradaha baraf. Coast ee jasiiradaha waa ka go'een, gacamo badan. Dhirta waa caadiga ah ee Dhuldhoobo. Qancinaya bjørk kii cilin ah, safsaf kala horjeeda, lichens iyo Muuse. The xayawaanka ugu badan - orsada kala horjeeda. Waxay ku nool halkan sida dawaco iyo Deerada Svalbard (sannadka adduunka ee dhammaan noocyada waqooyiga). Shimbiraha oo inta badan duuli inta lagu jiro xilliga xagaaga. Xilliga jiilaalka, waxaa jira oo kaliya digaagduur ka horjeeda. Laakiin badda ku wareegsan xeebta Spitsbergen waxaa gurguurta oo la duurjoogta kala duwan. Halkan waxaa laga helaa nibiriyada badda, walruses, nibiriyada badda Beluga iyo shaabadood.

story

Inta badan, jasiiradaha la helay Dr Makumbe Viking. In qorna ee 1194 gudbiyo margin ah Svalbard. Qiyaastii qarnigii XVII ah, jasiiradda Spitsbergen noqday Pomerania yaqaan. Kuwii loo yeedhay Grumant. Waayo, dunida oo dhan ayaa jasiiradaha sahamisa Dutch William Barents furay 1596, inkasta oo qiyaastii waqti isku mid ah u muuqday jasiiradda, baaqay gooldhalinta dalka Saints Ruush.

Tan iyo Barents ku tilmaamay in loo arkaa in biyaha hoose ee ku nibiriyada badda oo waaweyn, loola cararay xeebaha doomo badan kalluumaysiga. Soon sheegashada si ay u gasiiradaha ha ka bilaabay si ay u muujiyaan Denmark iyo UK. In 60 sano ee qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad, waxaa jira laba guutadii wax cilmi ah ayaa waxay soo booqday, by M. Lomonosov abaabulay.

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in Ruush aan halkaas ka dhisay meel tuulo kasta, qaar ka mid ah xeebaha deggan halkan u yimid xagaagii kalluumaysi. Marka xoolaha ee jasiiradaha weli si ba'an u yar yahay, jasiiradda la iskaga tegay for a boqol oo sano. isxigxiga oo cusub oo xiiso leh ee Svalbard soo baxay ee Warega of qarniyo XIX-XX, marka aadanaha waa wada xodan yihiin in ay gaaraan Pole Waqooyiga. biyo baraf Free iyo jawi khafiif ah ee jasiiradda loo isticmaalaa duulaan Arctic. Svalbard ayaa noqotay saldhig laga soo bilaabo waaweyn.

Jasiiradda Svalbard: leh?

Marka jasiiradaha kayd dhuxusha awood la helay xiiso jasaa'irka Khasaaray ee Circle Arctic mar kale xoojiyey. Laakiin sannadkii 1920, su'aasha ah ee lahaanshaha dhulka gobolka waxaa ugu dambayntii dunida go'aansaday. In Paris waxaa lagu saxiixay waxa loogu yeero Spitsbergen Treaty, sida laga soo xigtay oo xukunka jasiiradaha tago Norway. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida laga soo xigtay heshiiska, dhammaan dhinacyada heshiiska (ee UK, US, France, Japan, Sweden, Italy, Netherlands, oo mar dambe Midowga Soofiyeeti) hayaa xaq u leeyihiin inay yeeshaan macdanta.

Ma u baahanahay inaan fiise si ay u booqdaan jasiiradaha?

Fikrad ahaan, ma. Ka dib oo dhan, iyadoo aan loo eegayn kuwaas oo jasiiradda of Spitsbergen, muwaadiniinta oo ka mid ah dalalka-saxiixayaasha oo dhan waa lacag la'aan si ay u booqdaan jasiiradaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ku dhaqanka, si toos ah u helaan in ay Svalbard ka Russia ma fududa. Kaliya ee xilli ciyaareedkan waxaa mararka qaarkood soo diray duulimaad charter, iyo kursiyada in diyaarad loogu talogalay cilmi horjeeda ama shaqaalaha dowladda. Sidaa darteed, dalxiisayaal u leeyihiin in ay u soo duuli via Oslo (shirkadaha SAS iyo "Norwegian Airlines"). Tani waxay u baahan visa Schengen badan in Norway soo galaan. Waxaad booqan kartaa jasiiradaha iyo in koorsada of safar raaxo on dalaka badda ah, "Kapitan Khlebnikov" a.

dalxiiska

Xukuumada Norway ayaa si dhakhso ah dib u habeysay dhaqaalaha jasiiradaha ee shuruudaha dadka of nibiriyada badda oo orso oo kala horjeeda hoos u, iyo dhaca ku yimid qiimaha dhuxusha. Haddaba danta ugu weyn ee ecotourism ah. jihada cusub. Ilaa hadda, kaliya labo kun oo dalxiisayaal ah sannad walba soo booqo qabow jasiiradda. Ha ka qayb horumarinta warshadaha iyo qiimaha. Halkan wax walba waa qaali: qol hotel (dhaqaalaha version ugu fudud ku kici doonaa boqol doolar halkii habeen) cuntada ka hor. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dalxiisayaasha hodanka ah taasi ma joojin. u kaca si ay glaciers, aqado badda, sledding eey, ururinta lafo (ee jasiiradaha aad u badan) - oo dhan ku jira barnaamijka khasabka ah.

Islands - zone ganacsiga waajib-free. Thanks iyada, dadka ku nool jasiiradaha ku nool noorwiijiga hantiilayaal qaaradda. From shaqaalaha muhaajiriinta ah ilaaliyo by jasiiradda of Spitsbergen. Work on miinooyinka badan oo joojiyay oo ay beddelay matxaf. Ha joojin wax soo saarka dhuxusha oo kaliya macdan qodayaasha Ruush. Inkasta oo wax soo saarka this aanay waxtar lahayn oo waxaa taageera dawladda.

fadeexad lacag caddaan ah

In 1993, qadaadiic ah xusuus "Spitsbergen Island" ayaa lagu qabtay by maxkamadda Moscow ee. Waxa ay muujisay orso oo kala horjeeda iyo map ka mid ah jasiiradaha. Sida lacagta ku qorraa "Ruush Federation", Norway this qaaday weerar lagu soo qaaday dhulkeeda. Safka diblomaasiyadeed ayaa ku soo idlaaday oo keliya marka lacagta ayaa laga soo saarey wareegga. Hartay gacmaha qadaadiicda ururiya yihiin in baahida weyn.