Meeday Lappland Reserve. Lappland Biosphere Reserve

Weligaa ma maqashay Lappland ee heer sare ah? Dabcan haa! Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qof kasta oo aan og yahay oo ku saabsan jiritaanka Reserve Lappland ah. caanka Waa maxay ayuu? Sida ay u hawlgasho? In this article waxaan isku dayi doonaa in aan ka jawaabo su'aalahaas iyo kuwo kale oo la xiriira meeshan la yaab leh.

Si aad u bilawdo, ogaatid meesha Reserve Lappland ah. Waxay ku taalaa waqooyiga, ee gobolka Murmansk ah. Waxa uu horey u ahaa ku dhowaad 100 sano jir ah, oo lagu daro joogitaanka this of Santa Claus waxaa jira waxyaabo badan oo xiiso leh dadka dalxiisayaasha ah ee caadiga ah iyo aqoonyahanno. Dalka Reserve ee saameeyaa ay size - waa in ka badan 278 435 hektar, 8574 taas oo qaadataa goobta biyaha ee haraha iyo webiyaasha. Sababo la size this of Lappland Nature Reserve waa mid ka mid ah ugu weyn ee Europe.

story

aag-dhuleed Tani waxaa la abuuray by Lenoblispolkoma go'aanka in January 1930. Oo waagaas, Peninsula Kola lahaayeen Guddiga Fulinta ee Gobolka Leningrad ee. 20 sano ahayd ee dalalkii reserve Deerada, laakiin ayaa la xiray muddo aan xad lahayn ee 1951. Nasiib wanaag, inta arintan laga xalinayo xad si deg deg ah, reserve Lappland mar kale waxaa la furay shan sano ka dib, ka diiwaan gashan oo helay xaaladda gobolka.

Waa in la ogaadaa in "Lappland" soohdinta xilliyo beddelay, oo marar badan in jihada ay yaraaneyso. Tan waxa u sabab horumarinta khayraadka macdanta ee qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay ku saabsan dhulalka Monchetundra. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, 1983, in reserve waxaa lagu rakibay meesha aad u cajiib ah in qaybta galbeed (129,577 ha). Waxa ay ahayd loo siman yahay ku dhawaad 100% ee aagga asalka ah. dalkii gobolka ayaa loo qoondeeyey "Lappland" in magdhow qiiqa hoos u galay warshad burbur "Severonikel" dhulka ee qaybta bari ee reserve ah.

Bartamihii bishii February 1985 Lappland Biosphere Reserve State waxa laga soo qaatay hoos ilaalinta UNESCO sida reserve biosphere ah. Project "Fantastic Lappland" ayaa la bilaabay toban sano ka dib (1995). Tan iyo markaas, reserve waxay bilaabeen inay matalaan ma aha oo kaliya cilmi-baarista iyo deegaanka, laakiin sidoo kale qiimo dhaqameed.

Lappland Nature Reserve - muuqaalka

Oo wakhtigii glaciation Valdai ku Kola Peninsula daboolay sheet isla barafka oo ka kooban Greenland maanta. Waxa uu la waayay 10,000 oo sano ka hor, taasoo ka dhigeysa dhulka si xigtaa xoogga leh ee moraine iyo dhagaxyada sitoos-smoothed awood wax soo saarka, kuwaas oo loo yaqaan "wejiga mutton". Ka dib markii glaciation jiraan ku dhowaad ma dhagaxyada ku aasan. Waxaa loo bedelay dhashay layers of da'da Archean, inta badan gneisses.

Ka dib markii ay xaabo ah glaciers meelaha badan ee Peninsula Kola dheer madhan. Markii hore, dabaysha iyo Shimbiraha halkan keenay Murmi lichens iyo Muuse, abuurka cawska. Geedaha ka qayb qaatay burburinta tartiib ah u image dhagax of Peninsula Kola ah iyo formation of ciidda. Waxay jeelyihiin in si deg deg ah badlands xawayaanka degeen, kuwaas oo ka qeyb qaatay dhul sufka.

Markaasay waxay ka bilaabeen in ay sameeyaan kaymaha iyo Dhuldhoobo, ugu danbeyn qaadashada foomka la joogo.

Webiyo iyo durdurro

Lappland Nature Reserve (Monchegorsk) ka wakiil yahay noocyada baahsan ee xayawaanka iyo dhirta ka mid ah waqooyiga Eurasia. Sababo la glaciation la soo dhaafay si ay dalkan, sida, runtii, oo dhan ee Scandinavia, waxa lagu gartaa maqnaanshaha dhamaystiran oo noocyada-gud.

Lappland ecosystem abuuray dhawaan kaliya, sidaa darteed habka bandhigidda ka baxsan ee noocyada kala duwan cusub ee xoolaha iyo dhirta ayaa weli socda. kala duwanaanshaha noocyada of dubato iyo flora waa joogto ah la beddelo, waa yar.

Lappland reserve goorba keentaa in durdurrada buur dhakhso wabiyo iyo. Meelaha qaarkood, way xasilloon yihiin, waxay leeyihiin bankiga yaacday of caws. Meelaha kale, waxay Rapids ee daadku la mawjadaha cad.

Dad badan oo ku reserve ee harooyinka waaweyn iyo kuwa yaryar, dhagax, iyo mararka qaarkood ciid ama daboolay bangiyada sedge. dooxooyinka River fidin kaymaha Yagelnaya. Cover mountainsides har gran-zelenomoshniki. Wide dooxooyinka la Wabiyadan socota, kuwaas oo xuduud la strip cidhiidhi ah geedaha bjørk jilicsan, interspersed jejebinta weyn oo dhagaxyo ah, oo ka kooban baraha dhaldhalaalaya of planus Alifana.

gudubno ugu weyn - Imandra, meel ka mid ah 880 km ^2. Waxay ku taalaa in ka badan 150 jasiiradood. Webiyaasha ugu weyn - Strelna, Varzuga, Umba.

Dhuldhoobo

Lappland Nature Reserve (gobolka Murmansk) Dhirta kala duwan, wixii la goostay by halka ay juqraafi ahaan - 120 km waqooyi ka xigto giraanta cirifka - iyo muuqaalka buurta. Ka dib markii xaabo uu dusha barafka ee ciidda ka degeen lichens iyo Muuse. In xaaladaha adag ee Dhuldhoobo buurta, ajada Deerada buur caadi ah - taxadir ah jecel ee reindeers. Meelaha qaarkood, ay la beddelo Gogol xoortay, crowberry, blueberries, cranberries, bearberry. Waxay la saanqaadi, iyo duurka rhododendron ku kuropatochey cawska (Dryad).

Meelaha qaarkood, waxaa jira outlet ama barkinta-qaabeeya saxifrage, Linnaeus ovsyannitsa hooseeyo, bjørk cilin. Muddada ubax ee meelahan waa mid aad u qurux badan.

taiga Polar

Mid ka mid ah hantida ugu weyn oo ka mid ah meelaha Lappland Reserve Forest waxaa sii kordhaya on dalalkan oo 3 ilaa 10 kun oo sano. Celceliska da'da geedaha waxaa halkan sii kordhaya ee 300 sano. tijaabooyinka, qaar ka mid ah gaaraan height ah 15 mitir. horumarinta firfircoon ee taiga ku kala horjeeda ay sabab u tahay cimilada khafiif ah iyo maqnaanshaha dhamaystiran oo jirkiisa ee lakabka geyi-.

Xilliga jiilaalka, ciidda la ilaaliyo barafka, iyo Negeria, maxaa yeelay, ma aad u adag. Geedaha si tartiib ah u kora, laakiin size aad u cajiib ah gaadho, waxa aan la soo celiyo stock sii kordhaysa ee Dhuldhoobo kaynta of Siberia.

geed deegaanka ayaa cirbadaha gaaban ah oo aan socdaa saddex sano, oo qiyaastii toddoba sannadood. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, sirdoonka waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay sida nooc ka mid ah oo kala duwan - geed Vries.

Yaqaanaan noo gran bedelay reserve ee gran Siberian leh sifo ee noocan ah loo yaqaano yar.

bjørk Subarctic iyo warty koraa kaymaha gran oo kaynta. undergrowth Finensej ka kooban yahay ash buur, geed rotem la yidhaahdo Siberian, safsaf riyaha iyo noocyada kale ee geedaha safsaafka ah.

The lakabka dhulka daaqsinka Reserve ku xoortay geedihii canbaha baahsan - crowberry, lingonberry, Linnaeus, blueberries, noocyada dhowr ah oo wintergreen. Waxaa jira wax badan oo dhirta herbaceous canbaha - pilosa Luzula, cawska timaha.

Waxyaalo faro badan ka muujiyay lakabka ajada. In geed kaymaha ee Muuse waxaa sida caadiga ah ay weheliso lichens cladonia (Alpine, deerskin iyo jilicsan). Xadka sare ee kaynta ku yaal waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay at height ah 380 m.

Xayawaanka ee Lappland Nature Reserve

dabiiciga ah ee meeshan u qurux badan oo aan la tixgelin karaa sanayd. Wixii qarniyo, Sami ayaa si guul leh ku hawlan dhaqashada iyo, sida, baabi'inayaan bahal.

By bilowgii qarnigii la soo dhaafay, in Lappland waxaa jira Deerada aad u yar iyo bahal oo waaweyn.

Deerada

In galbeed, Peninsula Kola waqtiga hadhay oo kaliya qiyaastii boqol Deerada.

Waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in ay qaadaan tallaabooyin degdeg ah si loo ilaaliyo xayawaankaas, sidaas 1930, oo waxaa lagu abaabulay by Reserve Lappland ah. Si dhakhso ah tallaabooyinka ilaalinta siiyey natiijo wanaagsan ugu horeysay.

Maanta reserve waxaa si joogto ah ku nool yihiin in ka badan kun qof oo. Deer door bidaan kaymaha-belomoshniki iyo muuqaalka buur-Dhuldhoobo. Lappland park qaranka hodan ku ah ay ugu jecel yihiin cunto - ajada Deerada. Thanks to hawlaha ammaanka muddada-dheer ee Reserve deerada duurka ku faafay oo dhan Jasiiradda, dhammaan ayuu ka sarreeyaa ee galbeedka buuraleyda iyo kaymaha.

Bilowga ee qarnigii XX in Lappland Biosphere Reserve kadib maqnaansho dheer ku soo laabtay beavers iyo faras duur. Waxa xiiso leh, faras duur ah in meelahan ee koonfur iyo koonfur-galbeed naftooda ka yimid, laakiin beavers ah ayaa si gaar ah ka reserve ee magaalada Voronezh keenay. Iyadoo labada noocyada yar yihiin.

bahal

Lappland Nature Reserve waa on dhulkeeda, iyo bahal oo waaweyn. The ugu caansan orso brown. Wolverines, yeey iyo lynxes waa yar yihiin. Waxa kale oo jira oo dawaco, laakiin tiradoodu aad u yar. Waana fadhanfadhka, marten, ermine dhacaan marar badan. qaboobuhu Snowy waa kuwo raaxo u leh nolosha voles iyo lemmings.

shimbiraha

All Shimbiraha degganu Lappland Reserve, si faah faahsan u sharax in article gaaban waa wax aan macquul aheyn. Sidaa darteed, maanta waxaan nafteena Kacaan doonaan kuwa noocyada kaydka this leeyihiin qiimo weyn deegaanka.

socdaalka xilliga kulaylaha iyo lagu arkay 20 nooc oo waterfowl. Waa in la ogaadaa yar, goose a yar oo cad-horraysiiyay. Recently, noocan ah si degdeg ah iyo baaba 'ku dhow dhulka oo dhan meesha. Si ka duwan berriga kale waqooyiga, horraysiiyay buulal goose on xeebaha Wabiyaal buurta iyo durdurrada.

meesha ugu horeysa on qiimaha reserve waxaa degan grouse - grouse, capercaillie, grouse madow, ptarmigan iyo Dhuldhoobo. The noocyada dambe ku nool Dhuldhoobo buurta, buul kale ee kaynta.

Shimbiraha noocan oo kale ah la dhaco iyo naadir ah sida saratoosiyaha, gorgor oo dahab ah, Galaydhka, gorgor cad-iibsatay lacagihii, reserve dareemaan si buuxda raaxo leh.

gorayada

Wakiillada ka mid ah shimbiraha, kuwaas oo jeclaan lahaa in ka badan noo sheeg. Waa ay adag tahay in la helo dunida oo dhan meel kale sida Lappland State Biosphere Reserve ah, halkaas oo arrin weyn, laakiin la xadidin dhulka deggan siddeed nooc oo gorayo daaqdo.

Nooca ugu caansan - yar iyo guumaysta aboodiga. Iyadu waa wakiil oo ka mid ah noocyada wadaniga ah ee kaymaha waqooyiga. Its ruxmadaa daryaa in si fiican u soo jeeda oo la abuuray by bjørk waqooyi.

Her "walaashiis" - Great Gray guumaysta - waa guumays kaynta ugu weyn boreal, laakiin waxay arkeen inay ahayd arrin naadir ah. Waxa uu jecel yahay inuu ku nool kaynta, talantaalli ah oo leh meelaha u furan, tusaale ahaan, la bogs sphagnum.

Boreal iyo pygmy guumaysta - guumaysta yar ee Russia. Waxay doorto in uu sii aruurshey la gran iyo qoryo beroosh ah iyo kaymaha bjørk.

Marsh iyo guumaysta, iyo guumaysta Ural iyo guumaysta gorgor - ugu weyn ee dubato dunida. Yar oo dhawr ah, laakiin waa arrin caadi ah, waayo, Lappland Reserve caddaan ama gorayada kala horjeeda.

Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in iftiinka ayaa habeenkii Arctic, gorayada lagu qasbay in ay ugaarsi ah in la badallo tago. xilli Habeenada White waa muddo dheer - a boqol maalmood (tan iyo bilowgii of May ilaa qeybtii labaad ee August). Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan u cido u baahan tahay si ay u koraan iyo quudiyo chicks ah. Sidaa darteed, si ay u arkaan iyo guumaysta oo duulaya maalintii waa sahlan tahay si loo ilaaliyo.

si joogto ah laguu arki karaa kaydka guumaysta dhiiqo. Waxaa umado meelaha si tartiib ah u furan, raadinaya la dhaco. Like gorayo ugu, waxa uu leeyahay xubnaha dareenka ugu muhiimsan waa dheg, in kastoo indhaha ma la odhan karaa waa mid daciif ah.

Marka qoraxda ee kaynta loo arki karaa guumaysta ama sohdimihii. Laba nooc oo gorayo u dhaqmaan arrin qarsoodi ah, waxay la kulmi karaan oo keliya by fursad. Waxay sameeyaan "kaydinta" ee hogag geedaha. Halkan waxay keeni deebaajiga of bakhtigii bahalaha yaryar, iyo haadda mararka qaar yar.

Xataa dhib badan in la helo guumays iyo guumaysta tawny dheer iibsatay lacagihii. Waxaa la dhashay ugaarsadaha. Waxa intaa dheer in bahalaha yaryar, kuwaas oo ah saldhig ay cunto, ma ay joogaan naceen inay ku cunaan shimbiraha iyo nuujiya kala duwan. Iyo guumaysta dhaco grouse iyo dabagaalaha, ma seegi fursad oo laga adkaado ermine.

iyo guumaysta weyn ee reserve Lappland inta badan ka ugaadhsanaya grouse, bakeylaha iyo grouse. Waxaa jiray kiisas markii uu si guul ah ugaadhsado marten. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka daahid uu noqon karaan dhibbanaha.

Gorayada, mahad goobaha maqalka ay awoodaan in ay qabsadaan jiirka hoos daaha qaro oo baraf ah, oo sidaas daraaddeed ku dhowaad dhammaan noocyada, marka laga reebo jeexin, guumays, waxaa la dejiyaa.

hawlaha sayniska

jihada ugu weyn ee hawlaha sayniska ee Reserve Lappland ah - si ay u ilaaliyaan iyo in la kordhiyo tirada dadka of Deerada duurjoogta ah ee dhulka oo dhan Peninsula Kola ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, hawlaha shaqaalaha ka mid ah korjoogteynta iyo waxbarasho ee reserve dhow ee shirkadaha warshadaha ee deegaanka iyo ecology joogto ah. The dhirta iyo ugaarta kala duwan soo jiidata ma shaqaalaha degaanka oo kaliya inta badan waa saynisyahano ka dibadda.

Daraasadda ku saabsan xaaladaha nololeed iyo caadooyinka deerada duurjoogta ah ayaa bilaabay in 1929, ka hor furitaanka reserve ah. The diiwaanka ugu horeysay ee xoolaha, kuwaas oo lahaa M. Kreps jiilaalka buurta.

dalxiisyada

Lappland Nature Reserve - meel picturesque. Waxa intaa dheer in muuqaal cajiib ah buurta, kaymaha qadiimiga ah iyo xayawaanka duurjoogta ah, waxaad heli kartaa qof aqoon u leh dhaxalka dhaqanka ee Sami ah, iyo jiilaalka si ay u tagaan on booqasho uu ku munaaraddii Santa Claus.

booqashooyinka Reserve waa suuragal ah keliya by heshiis ka hor maamulka. Si loo qaban qaabiyo safar, waa in aad isticmaasho ah faahfaahinta xiriirka kor loo hayo online.