Naqshada Foster Norman: Biography A, mashaariicda

In maanta ee naqshada qorshaynta magaalada dunida Foster Norman si weyn loo arkaa style a hi-tech classic. Isaga oo adag naqshadda Foster iyo la-hawlgalayaasheeda ay ku tiirsan yihiin mashaariicda magaalada-sameynta ugu fikradeed ee dalalka on dhammaan qaaradaha. Muwaadin Tani Britain waa guusha ee naiprestizhneyshih dunida ee abaalgudyada, Pritzker ah (analog Nobel codsatay in naqshadda dhismaha) iyo Imperial (ugu sareeya UK). Germany isaga abaalmariyey ay si sareeya oo duurka ku ah dhaqanka "Waayo Merit" mashruuca ee casriyeynta ee ay baarlamaanka. Wuxuu u abuuray tiro ka mid ah mashaariicda ee-Moscow City, sidoo kale uu yahay xubin sharaf of Academy Ruush ee Arts.

Foster Norman ayaa u yimid inuu guul oo kaliya in ay tayadiisa iyo go'aan mahad.

Start shaqada

Wuxuu ku dhashay classic farsmada heerka sare ah ee 1935 ee Manchester (UK). Aabbaha naqshada ayaa ka shaqeeya shirkadda, manufactures marawaxadaha uumi iyo matoorrada. In view of dhibaatooyinka wax ka mid ah qoyska 16-sano jir ah lagu qasbay in ay ka baxaan dugsiga iyo shaqo ee magaaladiisa ka Maaliyadda ee u hesho. Norman aabihii ku riyoon jiray xirfadiisa shaqaale ee wiilkiisa. Intaa waxaa dheer in shaqo aasaasiga ah, Foster dhallinyarada ayaa sidoo kale bartay sharciga ganacsiga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shaqada xafiiska aanu ka codsanaynaa nin dhallinyarada.

Xataa markaas, u waxyoonay by naqshadaha ee Manchester, Foster Norman bilaabay sketching abuurtay dhismo. Mid ka mid ah karaaniyaal ah, asxaabta arkay mid ka mid ah farshaxankiisa kuwan, isaga lagula talinayaa in ay xirfad sameeyo naqshadaha.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hirgelinta riyo ugu horeysay waxaa ka hormarey adeeg hal sano military ee Royal Air Force British ah, iyo ka dib - shaqooyin kala duwan labadii sano ee aan xirfadda: xasho ah, warshad, dukaanka alaabta guriga a. Ka dib wareysiga marayay, Foster Norman qaaday shaqo ee waaxda qandaraasyada ee tababare ku xigeenkii Hay'adda naqshadda. Bandhigyada shaqada ganacsi, wuxuu ogaaday in si ay u noqdaan muhandas, hubi inaad waxbarashada.

formation

Wiil 21-sano jir ah ayaa la siiyay in ay gudbaan tartanka on waaxda ku habboon oo ka mid ah Jaamacadda Manchester. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, score ma ahaa ku filan si aad u hesho deeq, siinta xaq u leedahay inaad barato kharashka dawladda.

Sidaa darteed Foster Norman kasbaday lacag lagu bixiyo waxbarashada uu by shaqeeya dhowr saacadood maalintii, wax dubi jiray, iibiyaha iyo xataa waardiye ah ee lagu caweeyo. Laakiin helitaanka waxbarashada UK aan si buuxda u dhergin dhulka la dhigin xirfadeed ee naqshada dhallinyarada. Its naqshadaha jiidata todobo wuxuush dibada. Foster Norman qabtay tababar ah ee Yale University Maraykanka. Ka dib markii qalin, xirfadeed dhalinyarada saaxiibkiis iyo fasalka Richard Rodgers soo laabtay Britain, halkaas oo diiwaan istuudiyaha naqshadda "Team 4".

dhalashada teknoolojiyad sare

In shuqulladoodii ugu horeysay - design ee dhismayaasha la deggan yahay in qurxin dhul buur ah ee Cornwall, iyo guri la qaderiyo London "Mews House" - waxaa jira a naqshadaha classical la safeeyey.

Joogista search a hal abuur leh, oo doonaya in ay horumariyaan ah fikradaha naqshadda spatially American ee dhismaha, kooxda dhalinyarada ah ayaa abuuray cusub style of naqshadaha - teknoolojiyad sare. Iyo, dabcan, qayb ka mid ah uu fikrado fikradeed diyaariyey dhise jihada cusub Norman Foster. naqshado uu muddada inta la xidhiidhaan dhismayaasha warshadaha. Hal dhibic ka leexdo iyo in uu shaqo bilaabay sanadkii 1966, mashruuca dhismaha dhismayaasha loogu talagalay warshadaha soo saara kombiyuutarada "Rilayens kontoroolha".

noolaanshaha xarrago leh ee xal, xakamaynta iyo xarrago of design ee dhismaha this of Ingiriiska sameeyey hadli of xiddig cusub oo duurka ku ah naqshadda dhismaha. In waxa qoraaga loo isticmaalay sharraxaadda ee biraha ka qortay, ma aha oo kaliya u qabata doorka Diaphragmski adag, laakiin sidoo kale if-light asalka ah, oo ka iftiimaya iyaga dhex geliyo in nalalka dhaadheer. dhismaha Tani waxay ahayd cilmi ee la soo dhaafay "Kooxaha of Afar", taas oo la abuuray oo kaashanaysa Richard Rogers, naqshada Norman Foster.

Photos of abuurka this si cad u muujinaysaa abuurka ah ee samaynta ay, si xor ah u isticmaalaan in dhismaha ah ilaa haatan la kahdo qalabka iyo dhismayaasha, Been fasiraadda asalka ah ee mugga gudaha ee meesha bannaan ee, ayadoo ay abuureyso ah guriyo u gaar ah oo ultramodern. Waxa aan ahaa shaqada ku qabtaan. Created by injineero abuuridda iska hadlaayo, naqshadaha caalamiga ah waxa uu ku dhashay style cusub - teknoolojiyad sare.

shirkad gaar ah, fikradahooda

Cad in ku jiray oo dhan kacaan dhismaha mabaadii'da dhismaha bilaabay by Foster Norman ah. Mashaariicda of hi-tech lagu bedeli lahaa by post-iyo-dogob nidaamka dhismaha caadiga ah ee-taako dhegeysiga "sabayn" design qeybaha. Waxaa loo kala duwanaayeen Garaaci muraayad male guriyo glazed iyo, dabcan, mabaadi'da cusub ee fiilooyinka isgaarsiinta. Dusha, naqshadaha this abuurtaa dhalanteed ah hungo ah.

In 1967, saldhigyada naqshada uu shirkadda gaarka loo leeyahay "Foster iyo Partners", taas oo ilaa 1983 (ilaa dhimashadii Saaxiibkiis a) waxaa ay wada shaqeyn la dhise caanka Buckminster Fuller. lammaanahaaga New abuurka caanka Foster ayaa naqshadda ee domes ay taako iftiin ogaada-sida in lagu daboolo goobaha magaalooyinka waaweyn iyo fursadaha abuuraya waayo deegaamaynta ah ee meelaha multi-ujeeddo gaar ah oo leh microclimate goboleedka taageeray.

High-casriga ah, ayaa helay mahad dheeraad ah dhegeysiga si dhammaystirka, nuuxnuuxsaday qubbad xarrago leh, laga helay ay hadalka ee London guraan iyo rakaabka saldhigga "Fred Olsen Center" (1967), in dhismaha ah "Willy Faber iyo Dyuma" (Ipswich, 1974)

The dhismaha durkin soo socda, taas oo keenay warkiisii caalamka in ay naqshada, wuxuu noqday Center Sainsbury ah, ka dhisay bariga Britain 1977 at University. fikrad Foster ee - in ay u midoobaan ka yar saqafka ka mid gebi ahaanba ka duwan meelaha ay ka dhex faltamaan: matxaf, makhaayad, jaamacad laftiisa, beerta qaboobaha ah uu ahaa guul.

Waxaa laga yaabaa in la this fikradda waqti-kaabiga shirkadda naqshadda isbedel. On amarrada maal-gaarka ah ee hodanka bilaabay si ay u horumariyaan naqshado Norman Foster. 10 fiican iyaga waxaan ku soo bandhigaynaa in this article. Building, abuurka ah oo uu maal-tayadiisa iyo naftayda, hadda qayb muhiim ah oo dhulka magaalooyinka magaalooyin badan. Bal aan ka bilowno our safar dalwaddii.

London: dhismaha-qajaar

naqshadaha Atypical in London samaynaa xoogaa kaftan yaqaan "gherkin kula beera ubaxa" ama "sigarka sexy." Laakiin marar badan dhismaha sorokaetazhnoe ee xarunta Swiss ee shirkadda caymiska Swiss Re, jidka, mid ka mid ah ugu weyn dunida oo dhan by, loo yaqaan "Gherkin" (The Gherkin). Waxay ahayd mid aan xad, sida ka cabsadeen, muuqaalka naqshadda ee caasimada Ingiriiska, dhammaataan ku habboon u galay. Kumanaan ka mid ah shaqaalaha xafiiska halkan ka shaqeeya. Makhaayadaha iyo baararka ku yaalaan dabaqa sare ee abuurka ah ee British ah.

New York: Tower Horst

Hearst Corporation boqortooyadiisa warbaahinta magaalada, taas oo dadka deegaanka ugu yeedhaan "Big Apple", sidoo kale hadiyad ka helay Foster. naqshada mashruuca la wareegay dib u eegis hal abuur leh ee dhismaha muddada-dheer ee degmada. In view of raadiyo 30 sano Depression Great, Maraykanka ayaa la xayiray, ka dibna ay joojiyaan dhismaha dogobka Dhismaha classic, confining dhigin aasaaska iyo dabaq hoose.

korkooda, Norman Voster a darfaha galaas la dhalaalayay munaaraddii ergonomic saddex xagal ka taagay meel la daaqadaha Rafaa ee galaas gaashaaman, taas oo shaqaalaha loo yaqaan daabacayaasha Cosmopoltan "iyo Esquire hadda shaqeeya. Cilmi ah naqshada waa in dhismaha cagaaran: Suurka by socodka hawada dabiiciga ah uu isticmaalo ay hawo iyo roob biyo u gaar ah in saqafka, dhacay - nidaamyada qaboojinta iyo waraabiyo dhirta.

France Bridge "Viaduct Villot"

dhismaha Tani, aad iyo aad u dhaadheer ee caanka ah Eiffel Tower, Norman Foster biiray mashaariic ay (10-ka sare). Photos of buundada webigii Tarn ah, iskala xagga koonfureed ee France in ay Spain, waxa ay ka tarjumaysaa aqonsado ee fikrad abuur leh. buundada u dhexeeya dalalka saamayn qoyska tiir dheer, Kiiloomitir wadada, ku marmarsiyoonaysa daahan anticorrosion xaafuun. Wuxuu ma aha oo kaliya ku mashquulsanayeen xanuunsado tan iyo jid saxmadda gaadiidka joogto A-75, laakiin sidoo kale soo jiitay dalxiisayaal badan, inuu noqdo durkiya si fiican loo og naqshadda ee France.

stadium London "Wembley"

The garoonka taariikhda ee ugu weyn dunida, si ay u abuuraan image casri ah oo gacan ku Norman Foster lahaa, ayaa soo dhaweeyay ay dhagaystayaasha ugu horeysay ee 2007. The kubada cagta saaxadda halyeeyga, hooyo ee dalka in ay qaab casri ah waxay qaadataa ilaa 90 kun oo daawadayaal! Naqshada wato digay suurtagalnimada ee ku jiidhaya (sida caadiga ah dhacda ee tubada iyo outlet garoonka.) Dadka taribuunka iman via escalators, isagoo dherer guud ee 400 mitir. feature ugu weyn ee mashruucu waa xafiiltamaan jilicsan ee 130 mitir oo dherer ah, taageeridda saqafka a saraysa ee xarunta isboortiga. Dhuxul Triomphe habeenkii la arki karo oo ka dhan qeybo ka mid ah London.

dhisme noocan oo kale ah saqafka muhiim u ah daryeelka cawska. Maaddaama ay qorax dabiici gaadho daryeelka saxda ah ee cawska garoonka.

Germany. Berlin. Reichstag

In dhismaha this, iyada oo aan buunbuunin, isku day in aad hesho dhammaan dadka Martidii Berlin. Hore ee Reichstag, oo hadda loo yaqaan Bundestag, marka laga reebo soo jiidashada taariikhiga ah, waxa uu noqday la yaab farsmada heerka sare ah. goolkii guusha ee ay 90 sano tartanka ay dib u dhiska Norman Foster ayaa bixisey ma aha oo kaliya dhismaha Golaha Federaalka (Bundestag) qubbad muraayadda bixinta view 360-degree ah magaalada - qalbiga Germany, laakiin sidoo kale ka dhigay naqshadeynta a asaasiga ah ee ay mugga gudaha. By haray qolof dhawrsan sare ee dhismaha naqshada ayaa abuuray jawi gaar ah haytekovskogo gudaha. Taana waxaa lagu gaarayaa iyadoo la kaashanayo darfaha casriga ah iyo qaababka steel. Bright, dhagax dabiiciga ah oo la taaban karo madaxtooyada siiyo dhismaha casriga ah ee Bundestag ee isku mar muuqaalka haybad iyo ergonomic.

Kazakhstan. Astana. "Khan Shatyr"

Ma waxaad u malaynaysaa dhise wax ka taagay meel teendhada ugu weyn dunida? Su'aashu waxay tahay xogsiin ah. dhismaha dhul weyn oo 10 garoon ee kubadda cagta. Its saqafka u gaar ah si ula kac ah loogu talagalay ee foomka of a koorta uugu gaar ah. Its yadiisa - in kaqabto ah (naqshadeeyaha ugu amaahatay fikradda ah Art lacagta badan). Kumanaan ka mid ah fiilooyinka, waxaa dhab u fiiriyey, inta lagu guda jiro dhismaha munaaradda waqti isku mid ah ayaa waxaa go'an 650 climbers warshadaha. Dhismaha aad ee dhismaha wuxuu u ekaa show ah!

Inside this goobaha haytekovskogo istaahila waa shopping iyo madadaalada xarunta ugu weyn Kazakhstan ayaa la daraasiin makhaayadaha, dukaamada, dukaamada, kooxaha, shineemooyinka.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, astaanta ah "Khan Shatyr" waa mid gaar ah in ay dalka steppe balliga indoor in ay xeebta (ciid ku daahan ah oo loo isticmaalo ciid Kobenhagen cad caanka ka Maldives).

Britain. London. Airport "Stansted"

Qorshahaa waxa ka mid ah dhismaha this, ka dhisay meel fog 50-ka kilomitir ah ee ka soo London, Rabbiga Foster ahaa mar kale asalka ah. Waxa uu markii hore diiday oo dhan Buzadag classical ee dhismaha xarumaha sida. Uu mabda 'ugu weyn ee hal abuur leh - fudud ah oo adag - mar kale laftiisa muujiyey in buuxa. muraayad saqafka terminal gaar ah oo ay taageerayaan qaab ka mid ah qaybaha biibiile, contours eg Ahraamta rogay ilaaliya ilaa roobabka ka dabiiciga ah. By dhismaha garoonka diyaaradaha ku xiga oo casri ah u daadiyaan, eg haytekovsky a saaraayo galaas weyn.

Britain. Boston. Museum of Fine Arts

Tiro sii kordhaysa ee soo bandhigaa of museum weyn ee Britain ayaa abuuray dhibaatada. Waa mar dambe ku filan heli karaa boos si ay u meel. Si aad u caawiso riixi Baron Foster. Xaaladdan oo kale, waa, iyada oo aan isbedel ku jira hantida ma guurtada ah ee matxafka, dhisay dhismo waasac casri ah afar-storeyed, taas oo u dhaqaaqay hadalkay oo dhan Art American. meel dhibaato ayaa loo oggolaaday matxafka sanado badan.

Germany. Frankfurt. "Commerzbank Tower"

Si Frankfurt dhismaha this leedahay ahmiyad naqshadda, la mid ah ee Tower of London ama Tower Eiffel ee Paris. Si fudud u gelin, tani waa kaarka ganacsiga ee magaalada a. Dhismaha saddex xagal gaar ah loo fuliyo fikradda guud ee dhismaha deegaanka Yurub. waxaa Inside afar dabaq ah ku muquuninta gaar Jannooyin lagu beeray, oo Mediterranean, North American, Asian. Dadka ku jira dhismaha, oo ku yaalla gaar ah dabiiciga ah deegaan-haytekovskogo.

ku nool yihiin mustaqbalka

Waxa hubaal ah in mid ka mid ah injineero ugu xiisaha badan ee waqtigeena waa Foster Norman ah. Mashaariicda, qorshayaasha Maestro British ka naqshadaha hor waqtiga. Isagu waa innovator ah iyo kacaan qaabaynta muuqaalka naqshadda ee magaalooyinka adduunka oo dhan. Shirkadda Architectural "Foster iyo Partners" si joogto ah u dhisaa dhismaha calaamad iyo mid gaar ah ee Europe, ee World Cusub, Aasiya. Characteristically, ay yihiin ka dib markii ay kacsiga dhigay naqshadaha height bar heerka, noqon dhibcood horumarinta dhismaha casriga ah ee magaalooyinka iyo gobollada.

Isagu waa hanad ah. dhismayaasha waxaa ku habboon in xaalado badan oo kala duwan, haddii ay tahay casriyeynta dhismaha dawladda ama dayactirka dhismaha warshadaha, dhismaha Westgate shopping fikradeed ama bartilmaameed u ah kaabayaasha magaalooyinka, buundada ama garoonka diyaaradaha.

Si aad u taariikhda, waxa uu fuliyo mashaariicda ee 22 dal. Sida maamulaha guud ee shirkadda ay guul sanado badan weeraryahanka qorshaynayso shaqo ee Norman Foster.

Mashaariicda ee Russia - ma aha shirkada ugu faa'iido, laakiin waa weyn. Xaqiiqdu waxay tahay in, isagoo marka hore in ay iskaashi la sayidkii go'aansaday, xukuumadda Moscow ayaa sii fogaanaya, by dib u dhac hirgelinta dhabta ah ee mashaariicda. Waxaa ku saabsan Dhismaha ee, mashruuca "Russia", height of 612 mitir dhulka ee Moscow International Business Center "Moscow City" waa. Tani dhismaha 118 dabaq ka dib markii ay kacsiga, waxay noqon lahayd ugu sareeya ee Europe. lacagta cajiib ah dhismaha, kaas oo la qorsheeyay meel ka mid ah 520.800 mitir oo laba jibbaaran. Dhismaha ayaa la bilaabay 2007-dii. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in soo socda ee mashruuca reebay Maal ugu weyn - shirkadda Shalva Chigirinsky, waxaa ay haysato dhibaato dhaqaale. Markaas shirkadda "Foster iyo Partners" waxaa la soo jeediyay in la yareeyo height ee dhismaha saddex jeer. Waxaa u adeegi jireen sida dhiirogelin, caqabadaha dhaqaale ee xukuumadda Moscow ee xiisadda. Markaas, in March 2012, sarajooggiisuna wuxuu qorsheeyay munaaraddii ayaa qarka u saarnaa 360 mitir. Ugu dambayntiina, mashruuca wadajir tagay. Maanta at goobta dhismaha la dhisay qaab-dhismeedka aasaas kala duwan.

gunaanad

Maanta ayuu waxaa loo arkaa naqshadeeyaha ugu tirada 1 ee dunida. In shirkaddu 500 xirfadlayaasha shaqeeyo si joogta ah, iyo 100 kale, ayuu sanad walba ku hayaa waa qandaraas ah. Maestro qarsoon ee guusha ee naqshadaha - in hal-abuurka shaqsi ah, iyo sidoo kale ubucda awood uu kooxda, oo ay ku jiraan dadka ka soo adduunka oo dhan: David Nelson iyo Spencer de Gray.

hooyo A ee qoyska-xoogsatada ahaa nasiib ku filan in ay sugaan in ay si buuxda ay ogaadaan awoodooda hal abuur leh u weyn. Waxa uu u suurtagashay in ay ku qanciso in ay daacad u Britain fikradaha naqshadda, ka dibna inta kale ee dunida. Naqshada Foster Norman si firfircoon fulisaa magaalooyinka iyo wadamada ay abuureen qudhiisu style naqshadda. In kasta oo ay da'da qadariyo (Baron-dhise 80 sano), ma uu geli hoosku, sii suuroowdo inuu qiimeeyo oo dhan injineero casriga ah ee qaab-teknoolojiyad sare.