Dzhon Bal eeg: Biography iyo sawirka

Dzhon Bal eeg - maalgeliyaha shotlansky, Nebi, dalxiisto, bangiyada ka taataabtay, saaxir credit aabbihiis sicir - maxaa yeelay waxa uu sheegay in ku saabsan dadka ku nool qarnigii XVIII ka. Marka ugu horeysa, nin u soo jeestay France mid ka mid ah dalalka ugu barwaaqo Yurub, ka dibna gelin saboolnimada u eryay. Biography hore ee maalgeliyaha soo baxay intii uu noolaa, oo waxaa lagu turjumay luqado badan. Faransiis The u yeedhay Jean Lass. In dalalka kale, waxaa loo yaqaan Dzhon Bal eeg. Maqaalkani waxa lagu tilmaami doonaa in Biography kooban oo maalgeliyaha.

dhalinyarada

Dzhon Lo Of Lauriston ku dhashay Edinburgh (Scotland) ee 1671. wiilka aabbihiis ahaa dahabluhu iyo moneylender. In 1683, madaxa qoyska iibsaday guryaha yar oo Lauriston, kaas oo lagu rakibay horyaalka ah ku abtirsan. In uu dhalinyarada, John ahayd arrin soo jiidasho leh, iyo ku faraxsan in ay qaataan in guryaha ugu fiican ee Edinburgh. Sidaas darteed, si deg deg ah maalgeliyaha mustaqbalka "ayaa isaga addoonsada cayn kasta oo tumaya." Si dhakhso ah, ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa caajiso, iyo da'da labaatan wuxuu u tegey inuu guulaysto caasimadda ah ee England.

Wararka la isla dhexmarayo oo xafiiltanka

In London Dzhon Bal eeg isla markiiba horumariyo duufaan weyn oo waxqabad. Awoodda si ay u helaan lacag uu aabbihiis ka dhaxlo. John bilaabay wararka la isla dhexmarayo ee saamiyada, dahabka iyo farshaxanka. Intaa waxaa dheer, ayuu abuurtay nidaamka ciyaarta kaarka. Waxaa keenay Luo lacag adag. John sidoo kale ku riyaaqay guusha weyn ee haweenka iyo gartaa selectivity arrimaha jacaylka. Uu amarkooda soo socda dhamaaday 1694 xafiiltanka. Luo dilay horjeeda oo la xiray. Ugu maxkamad, maalgeliyaha mustaqbalka lagu xukumay dil. Laakiin John ayaa ka baxsaday xabsiga oo u tegey Amsterdam. Guud ahaan, geesiga of this article ahaa mid aad u nasiib badan.

Change waxqabad

Imaanshaha magaalada cusub, Dzhon Bal eeg si dhow ku hawlan barashada aragtida dhaqaalaha. On arrintan, nin dhallinyaro ah oo aad u badan oo waraaqaha saameynta akhriyo. Si dhakhso ah, wuxuu daabacay buug uu qoray. Waxaa maalgeliyaha sheegay oo ku saabsan sababta ugu weyn ee dhaqaalaha fadhiidka ah. Sida laga soo xigtay Bal eeg, kaasu wuxuu ahaa la'aanta of lacag. Si loo xalliyo arrintan, John bixiyey inuu soo saari daabacaada lacag iyo si ay u siiyaan dahab. Iyo ugu wanaagsan oo dhan, si ay u soo saaraan biilasha si uu u qabto xafiiska dadweynaha. maalgeliyaha fikrad Tani waxay u bixiyeen in ay qaataan ku dhowaad dhammaan wadamada Yurub. Laakiin si ay u ogaadaan waxa ay aheyd kaliya mid ka mid gobolka.

Hirgelinta fikradaha

In 1715, geeridii ku timid Boqortooyada ee khasnadda France gabi ahaanba madhan ka dib. Filipp Orleansky (Ninkaas for-awow weyn ee Louis XIV) ahaa ee lama filaan ah ka dib markii xisaabinta daynta dawladda. Waxaa soo baxay in tiradaasi ay gaareen 3 billion livres. canshuurtiisii ka go'dayna waxay A sannad kasta oo canshuur laga sameeyey oo kaliya 250 million. Inkastoo, sida lagu sheegay warbixinta ka mid ah Chief of Police Secret ah, lacagtuna waxay noqotay saddex jeer ka sarreysaa. Just 500 million gelin meelo ka mid ah qabqablayaasha kala duwan.

Sida laga soo xigtay Ninkaas ah, in sida xaalad adag ku caawin kartaa oo kaliya nidaamka Dzhona Bal eeg. Horeba dhexe ee 1716 geesiga of this article ayaa bangi furay (in kastoo aan dadweynaha, iyo sinaanta) la xaq u leeyihiin inay soo saaraan lacag warqad. At heshaan isku si xor ah ku badelay waayo lacagta birta ka samaysan birta qaaliga ah ee taariikhda soo saarka dhabta ah magacaaban, iyo sidoo kale qaataan bixinta cashuurta iyo takaaliifta. Ie raso John noqday more adag tahay lacag iyo dahab lacagta birta ah.

Oo waagaas waxay ahayd biimayn aan horay loo arag. Si loo xaqiijiyo in dhammaan biilasha soo saaray Lo ee France oo keliya ma ay lahayn lacagta loo baahan yahay lacag iyo dahab. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 12 bilood ka dib bilowgii arrinta raso ee France gaaray kabashada dhaqaalaha. Dib u bilaabay dhismaha horumariyo, ganacsiga soo noolaaday, oo soo saaray dayn dulsaar yar leh.

shirkad kale

Laakiin bangiga ma ahayn fikrad kaliya ee reer Scotland. Horraantii 1717 Dzhon Lo abuuray "Company of xiray ka." Ayuu Capital shirkadda this Luo doonayay in ay maal-horumarinta weysada Mississippi River. Faransiis The u bixiyey Louisiana sharaf of King Louis XIV. In taariikhda dhacdadan waxay hoos ugu tegey, sidii Company Mississippi.

In xagaaga soo daahay ee 1717, John dhawaaqday oo ku saabsan meeleynta 200 kun. Saamiyada. Shuruudaha ahaayeen arrin wanaagsan, at qiimaha a magacaaban 500 livres warqad iibin kaliya 250 oo leh ballan qaaday iyaga repurchase lix bilood oo qiimaha bilowga ah gudahood. Saamiyada shirkadaha kor u iibsaday isla markiiba. Lix bilood ka dib, qiimaha suuqa ay ka badan yahay ee marar badan lagu qiimeeyo. Gadashada dhan securities ah, John jeebka lacag aad u badan. Si dhakhso ah shirkadda Luo siiyey monoboli a on ganacsiga "labada xiray." Tani kaliya kor u kacay qiimaha suuqa ee securities iyo kordhay baahida iyaga u.

The sarrifka stock ugu horeysay

Issue of 50 kun saamiyada -. Haddaba, waxa Dzhon Lo dhawaaqay wax yar. Ka dib markii hab waqtiga codsatay soo dhaafay maalgeliyaha go'aansaday si ay u helaan more. Dalbaday lix jeer gelinayaa saf, sida iibka ah ee securities helay 300 kun. Codsiyada. Garaafyo, ku rakibida, ugaasyadii, lid iyo viscounts pelleted guriga maalgeliyaha, oo raba in uu qayb ka mid ah Xoolaha noqday "of xiray ka." Sababo la this, Scot Xoghayaha uruuriyeen nasiib weyn, iyaga oo ka helaya laaluush.

Degna u muuqday suuqa securities sare. Dhab ahaantii, waxa uu ahaa is-dhaafsiga stock ugu horeysay. Maxaa yeelay, ilo dakhli oo dheeraad, John diyaarin soo socda si taambuug gurigiisa. Markaasay waxay bilaabeen iibinta saamiyada dadka Luo shaqeeya, oo hadda loo yaqaan "dilaaliinta".

heerka sarrifka securities aheyn koray. In qaybtan ahaa ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in madaxweynaha uu ka mid ahaa Duke of Orleans, guddiga shirkadda ee ahaa. daryeelka Faransiis ah koraan oo ay weheliso kororka qiimaha saamiga. Dabcan, in this qudhiisa si fiican u kasbatay Dzhon Bal eeg. Ahraamta maalgeliyaha gaadhay dhibic ugu badan ee koritaanka. Laakiin tababaraha reer Scotland marna ku fakarin iyo "dheregtay" in lacagta ku saabsan. isaga qudhiisuse wuxuu xitaa soo iibsaday labo ka mid ah xaafadaha qaali ah. Oo weliba, John helay horyaalka ee Duke oo ahaa wasiirka maaliyadda (dhab ahaantii, ninka labaad ee dalka). Laakiin wanaagsan oo dhan ee abid uu dhamaado.

La'aanta lacag

Waxaa dhiirigelintiisa lahaa ee "Company Mississippi" John maaraynta liidata ay gacanta of bangiga. Oo arrinta dhammuna wuxuu ahaa deynta la maal iibka saamiyada shirkadda. Taa baddalkeeda, ee "Company of xiray ay" si joogto ah meel arrimaha cusub ee securities by iibsiga bonds dowladda on lacagta. Sidaas darteed, shirkaddu waxa uu noqday gebi ahaanba deyn kaliya ee France. Laakiin Ninkaas oo dhan diyaarin, oo wuxuu dalbaday in la sii daayo lacag warqad dheeraad ah.

Xataa "Company Hindiya" ugu aan daaqi jiray badan. Horumarinta meelaha fog Louisiana waa quruxsan gaabis ah. On the bangiyada ee Mississippi si dhab ah loo dhisay magaalada si ay u bixiyaan guutadii iyo Markabka ayaa loo diray degayaashu. Laakiin saamayn weyn ma arkay by mashruucan. Dhowr ogaato oo ku saabsan xaaladda dhabta ah. Sababo la xiriira yaraanta musiibada ah ee muhaajiriinta Ninkaas amray (by si qarsoodi ah) si ay u dirto dalka Mareykanka oo ay gelbinayaan dhillooyin, tuugag iyo dawarsadeen. Laakiin olole advertising Fikirka-out waxyoonay Faransiis ah in u soo galeen dekedaha maraakiibta ee dalka ka buuxaan dhar, oo dhir udgoon, iyo lacagta, iyo khayraadka kale ee shisheeye.

shil

dawan kowaad wuxuu ahaa imaanshaha Prince de Conti Bankiga. lala dhigto dabadeed ayuu qaaday cartload ka mid ah qoraalada bangiga iyo dalbadeen in ay ku badasho lacagta birta ah. John isla markiiba u jeestay inaan Regent iyo qaraabo oggolaysiiyeen inay qabtaan lacag warqad. In kastoo ay dhacdo oo helay badan oo sumcad, laakiin ma mid siiyey qiimaha a, sida Conti aan kula dhex jiray dadka caanka ah. Laakiin dadka ugu miyir iyo taxadar bilaabeen in ay is dhaafsadaan taallo raso lacag, iyo dahab. Tani waa in kasta oo awood u lahaa waqtiga Dzhon Bal eeg. nidaamka Ponzi ahaa ugu dhakhsaha badan in ay burburto, sida tirada is dhaafsi koray oo keliya maalin kasta marayay.

reserve yar oo birta qaaliga ah dhalaalay hore ee bangiga. Bilowga 1720, Luo soo saaray wuxuu qorayaa in xaddidan sarrifka lacagta. Sidoo kale lacagta waraaqaha la reebay si ay u bartaan dhagaxyo iyo dahabka. In May, qoraalada laba jeer qiimo tirtay, ka dibna waxay dib ugu noqon, waayo, qadaadiic ah ayaa gebi ahaanba joojiyay.

nacayb dadka A ee

Faransiis The isla markiiba Naceen Bal eeg. Sida dad ka mid ah PSG dalbaday John in ay is dhaafsadaan raso oo dahab. Lahaanshaha la diiday, muwaadiniinta carooday dhowaad cunay dalxiisto. Marka tan la eego, Luo dhaqaaqay Royal Qaraqmeen ah, in ay ku noolaadaan ka yar ilaalinta si toos ah Duke ah. Si dhakhso ah maalgeliyaha qaaday xafiis dowladeed. Si loo maareeyo France laabtay Dagasso Chancellor, kaasoo markii hore meesha ka saaray ay sabab u tahay dib u habaynta ee John iska caabin ah. Uu amar ugu horeysay ee uu jagada cusub wuxuu ahaa dib ee is-dhaafsiga. On June 10, 1720 Faransiis oo dhammu waxay tageen Bank Royal ah. Ka dib is waydaarsiga in lacag iyo dahab, iyo bilowgii uusan ku filnayn, iyo dabcan waxay tageen qadaadiicda copper. Dadka masaakiinta ah ay ahaayeen farxad iyo in. Iyada oo maalin kasta marayay, hamiday bangiga kacday. On July 9, askartii ilaalada biruhu xarunta hoos ku, dadkii badnaa ma burburin yaabaa dhismaha. Dadka ayaa bilaabay in dhagaxyo tuuraya iyaga at. Taa baddalkeeda, askartii jawaabay rasaas qoryaha ay. Sidaas darteed dhimashada mid ka mid France. Dhowr maalmood ka dib dadkii badnaa ku tuntay 15 qof ...

Bishii Agoosto 1720, Bank Royal ku dhawaaqday inay kacday. Saddex bilood ka dib, dhammaan qoraalada uu la joojiyay.

In the case of shirkadda Indian ma aysan si fiican u tago. Qiimaha stock hoos. Baarlamaanka Yimaadeen baahida ah in Dzhon Bal eeg, habeeye ee Ahraamta ugu horeysay ee dhaqaale, waa in loo saaray maxkamad iyo toogasho. Laakiin halkii geesiga kooxda ee qodobkan in Bastille waxay tageen walaalkiis - William. dambaysta ah laguma gelid denbi, iyo qaraabo maalgeliyaha la sii daayay.

U soo guurista Brussels

Laakiin wuxuu Dzhon Lo tagay France dhamaadka 1720. Scot wiilkiisa u tageen inay Brussels, isaga, xaaskiisa iyo gabadhiisa tago. In magaalada cusub, John noolaa ilaa xad si tartiib ah. Uu dakhli oo keliya ahaa hawlgabka bixisay by ee Duke of Orleans (France wareegeen hantida oo dhan Bal eeg).

dalab lama filaan ah

In 1721, maalgeliyaha ahaa in Venice. Waxaa uu booqday Sirkaalkii Savoyard kuwaas oo soo bandhigay wakiilka dowladda Ruush. Waxa uu ka mid ka mid ah la-taliyeyaal ah Peter dhiibay John warqad. In fariin u Luo ayaa lagu casuumay si ay hawsha Ruush, oo ballan qaaday in horay wanaagsan. Laakiin markaas oo dhan rajo John ayaa la xidhiidha maxkamad Ingiriisi ah, halkaas oo ay Russia ayaa la daweeyey aad u colaadeed. Sidaa darteed, tababaraha reer Scotland uu go'aansaday in aan u halis oo ka baxsatay. Oo markaas haddiiba tagay Venice.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay

Bal eeg dhawr bilood ka dib bixitaankii naftooda ku faansheen rajada ah in Regent isaga back to France wici lahaa caawimo in looga gudbo dhibaatada. Laakiin 1723 ee Duke of Orleans dhintay, iyo maalgeliyaha ogaaday in ay awoodaan in ay soo noqdaan ma noqon doono.

Dzhon Bal eeg, kuwaas oo Biography ayaa lagu kor ku soo bandhigay, ayaa ku dhintay in Venice ka pneumonia ee 1729. Ka hor geeridiisii, tababaraha reer Scotland ayaa qoray buugga "The History of Finance jeer ee sharcigan." Laakiin nuurka, waxay aragtay qarniyo kaliya labo ka dib.