Nidaamka difaaca jirka

Furitaanka of unugyada koowaad ee nidaamka difaaca jirka (1887) - phagocyte (qorayo) - iska leh I. I. Mechnikovu. Phagocytosis (nuugista of qaar ka mid ah unugyada kale) waxaa hore u ogaan lahaa tan iyo 1862. Si kastaba ha ahaatee Mechnikov markii ugu horeysay la aasaasay xidhiidh ka dhexeeya nidaamka this iyo shaqada ka ilaaliya, taas oo uu leeyahay nidaamka difaaca jirka. Sida laga soo xigtay cilmi badan, laga bilaabo waqtigaas waxay bilaabeen inay jiraan laan cusub oo daawada - immunology.

nidaamka difaaca ee jirka aadanaha waa a collection of dhismeedka jidh. Its shaqada waa in la hubiyo ilaalinta mudida ee wakiilada faafa kala duwan ka alaabta dheefshiidka ay, walxaha iyo unugyada ka fadilnaa guryaha antigenic shisheeye.

habka difaaca jirka awood u aqoonsanaya tiro aad u badan wareer - ka microbes in Gooryaanka, sidaas iyaga kala ka taagoo noolaha unugyada u gaar ah. Marar badan, qeexidda wakiilka faafa waa mid aad u adag oo ay awooddiisa ah inuu la qabsado by horumarinta habab cusub oo wax lays iyo caabuq.

Cudur waa u taagoo in ka cadhaysiinina reactions gaar ah. Ma aha daruuri pathogene uu jirka soo gala dibadda. Tusaale ahaan, in heley, shalalka sida cudur jira unugyada jirka ee u gaarka ah.

Himilada kama danbaysta ahi waa in la burburiyo pathogene waxyeello qaab dhismeedka difaaca ah. habka difaaca jirka waxaa ka fadilnaa qaabab kala duwan iyo qalab ee ogaanshaha iyo tirtiridda wakiilada ajnabiga ah. Hawlgalkani waxa oo dhan waxaa loo yaqaan "jawaabta". Jawaabta difaaca la helay karaa ama lagu dhasho.

reaction Acquired ka duwan cayimayo sare reaction soo jireenka ah ee nooca go'an of wakiilka arrimaha dibadda ee hadda jira. Waxa ay u ogolaataa for mudida soo noqnoqda ee pathogene si aad u ogaatid iyo waxa la baabi'iyo sida ugu dhaqsaha badan.

Xaaladaha qaarkood, qof ayaa sameeyay badbaadin ah nolosha oo dhan ka dhanka ah wax lays ee cudur gaar ah, tusaale ahaan, ka dib markii busbuska ah, diphtheria, jadeecada.

Laga soo bilaabo dhibic ah jidh of view, habka difaaca jirka waa yara kala. Inkastoo firdhinta qaar ka mid ah jidhka, dhammaan dhismayaasha ay leeyihiin xiriir dhow by weelashii lymphatic iyo dhiig. Hay'adaha dhismeedka difaaca u qaybsan yahay bartamaha iyo durugsan. Waxaa sidoo kale jira unugyada difaaca jirka.

Si xubnaha lymphoid dhexe dhismeedka difaaca ka mid ah thymus (thymus), formation lymphoid ee xiidanka, qabsinka, beerka uurjiifka, dhuuxa lafaha.

unugyada Immunocompetent waxaa loo tixgeliyaa in ay leukocytes polynuclear, monocytes, limfosaytis, unugyada Langerhans (Hab-epidermotsitov maqaarka cad), iyo kuwa kale.

Si loo ilaaliyo xubnaha lymphoid durugsan ka mid ah beeryarada, qanjidhada.

mass guud ee dhammaan unugyada iyo xubnaha ku lug leh nidaamka difaaca jirka ah qof weyn wuxuu ku saabsan yahay hal kiilo.

The ku kaladuwan yihiin dhismayaasha durugsan dhacdaa (dhacdo kala duwanaanshaha u dhexeeya unugyada dhqaalaha) iyo badashada antigen. In xubnaha dhexe iyo dhismayaasha u dhexeeya unugyada immunocompetent baaluq. Ee la soo dhaafay (ugu iyaga ka mid ah) si joogto ah wareegaya. Sayidka, qayb ka mid ah unugyada difaaca jirka sariirta vascular ka guuro dhinaca card kasta oo qaab-dhismeedka difaaca iyo dib. Dhammaan qaybaha oo ka mid ah qaybaha difaaca ee qaab-dhismeedka yihiin kuwo isku xiran. Unugyada la macaamilaan kasta oo kale oo si joogto ah si toos ah galaya la xidhiidha ama sii daayo cytokines iyo immunoglobulins (antibodies) deegaanka. Cytokines, kuwaas oo la aasaasay by monocytes iyo macrophages, oo loo yaqaan monokines, oo la aasaasay by limfosaytis - lymphokines.

Sayidka, interrelationship oo dhan dhismeedka of habka difaaca jirka iyo unugyada gacanta loo qoondeeyey qaab farsamo adag oo is-ilaalinta.