Noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee unugyada

In jidhka, dhirta iyo xayawaanka qarsan noocyada kala duwan ee unugyada unugyada. Difaan noqon kartaa kala duwan sida qaabka cell, iyo qaab-dhismeedka furta oo extracellular, iyo sidoo kale hawlaha ay. noocyada unugyada kala duwan waxaa laga yaabaa in uu ka duwan yahay qaabka, size, joogitaanka ama maqnaanshaha of organelles qaarkood. Noocyada kala duwan ee unugyada sameynta noocyada kala duwan ee unugyada. Ka fikir noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee unugyada.

Khudaarta, likaha, xoolaha, bakteeriyada

Tani dirka unugyada, ku xiran tahay noolaha la dhisay. Halkan waxaa ku qoran shax is barbar a, taas oo muujinaysa noocyada unugyada, kala duwanaanshaha iyo egyihiin.

Noocyada kala duwan ee unugyada unugyo

unugyada kala duwan u sameeyaan unugyada. Intaa waxaa dheer, mid ka mid ah iyo dhar isku mid ah ka kooban yahay dhowr nooc oo kala duwan oo ah unugyada.

unugyada

Waxaa loo yaqaan unugyada. Tani waxay kala horjeeda unugyada differentsiirovannye ku yaalla meel u dhow midba midka kale. Waxaa laga yaabaa cubic, platy ama qaab cylindrical. unugyada waxaa sida caadiga ah ku yaalaan on xuub asalka.

Noocyada kala duwan ee unugyada unugyo

unugyo Waxaa jira dhawr nooc:

• reticular;
• buunshada ku cufan,
• fiber dabacsan,
• lafaha,
• carjawda;
• xaydhooda,
• dhiig;
• lymph.

Mid kasta oo ka mid ah unugyada, kuwaas oo uu leeyahay noocyo kala duwan oo unugyada iyo walax intercellular. Reticulum ka kooban yahay reticulocytes iyo macdantaa reticular. Of reticulocytes sameysmi karaa unugyada hematopoietic iyo macrophages - unugyada mas'uul ka ah jidhka difaacaneysa fayrusyada.

nudaha cufan buunshada ku kooban yahay muhiimad macdantaa oo dabacsan ah - ka walax qaab ma lahayn. The barti unugyada buunshada ku cufan siinaysaa maamulka, iyo dabacsan buuxiyo nusqaamaha ka dhexeeya xubnaha gudaha.

nudaha lafaha ku jira noocyada kala duwan ee unugyada: osteogenic, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, iyo osteocytes. Arintaan waa unugyo unugyada aasaasiga ah. Osteogenic - waa unugyo qasaya in sameysmi karaa lafta unugyada, osteoblasts iyo osteoclasts. Osteoblasts soo saaro walxaha uu ka samaysan yahay furta oo extracellular ee lafta. Osteoclasts ayaa ka mas'uul ah resorption unugyada lafuhu, haddii loo baahdo. saynisyahano Qaar ka mid ah iyaga ma gee unugyada lafta.

unugyada carjawda ka kooban yahay chondrocytes iyo chondroclasts chondroblasts. marka hore waa in lakabka sare ee carjawda. Waxay leeyihiin qaab fusiform ah. Chondroblasts ku yaalla lakabka hoose. Waxay leeyihiin gadood ama qaab wareeg ah. Chondroclasts mas'uul ka asturidda unugyada carjawda jir.

unugyada Adipose ka kooban tahay hal nooc oo kaliya unugyada: adipocytes. Waxaa ku jira xaddi weyn oo baruur firaaqada.

kala duwan oo ka mid ah unugyada dhiiga iyo dheecaanka

Dhiiga waxaa ku jira noocyo badan oo ka mid ah unugyada, loo yaqaan unugyada dhiigga. Dhiiggan cas unugyada, platelets iyo unugyada dhiiga cad, taas oo u kala qaybsan yihiin dhawr nooc. Erythrocytes leeyihiin qaab a simay wareeg ah. Waxay ka kooban hemoglobin protein ah, taas oo ah shaqo ah - gaadiidka ee oxygen jirka oo dhan. Xinjiraha - yar unugyada non-nuclear. Waxay mas'uul ka yihiin xinjirowga dhiigga. Leukocytes waa habka difaaca dadka iyo xoolaha.

unugyada dhiiga cad u kala qaybsan yihiin laba kooxood oo waaweyn: granular iyo nezernistye. hore waxaa ka mid ah neutrophils, eosinophils, iyo basophils. Kii u horreeyey ayaa awood u phagocytosis - cunidda bakteeriyada colaadeed iyo fiiruska. Eosinophils ayaa sidoo kale awood u phagocytosis, laakiin tani ma aha doorka ugu weyn. Shaqadooda ugu weyni waa in la burburiyo histamine la sii daayay by unugyada kale inta lagu jiro geedi socodka bararka, taas waxay keeni karaan barar. Basophils dhexdhexaadiyaan barar iyo qarsan factor chemotactic eosinophil.

leukocytes Nezernistye kala qaybsan yihiin limfosaytis iyo monocytes. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u qaybsan yahay saddex fasal, waxayna ku xiran tahay hawlaha ay. Waxaa jira T-cells, unugyada B iyo unugyada waxba. unugyada B mas'uul ka saaro unugyada difaaca jirka. unugyada T masuul ka tahay aqoonsi unugyada shisheeye, iyo kicinta shaqada ee B-limfosaytis iyo monocytes. Zero limfosaytis waa la dhowray.

Monocytes ama macrophages, sidoo kale waa awood u phagocytosis. Waxay baabbi'in fayrusyada iyo bakteeriyada.

unugyada neerfaha

The noocyada soo socda ee unugyada dareenka:

• dareemayaasha saxda ah;
• glia.

unugyada dareenka waxaa lagu magacaabaa neurons. Waxay ka kooban yihiin weyl iyo hannaan: axon dheer iyo dendrite gaaban branching. Waxay masuul ka tahay wareejinta dhismaha iyo dardar ku jira. Iyadoo ku xiran tirada propagules waxaa unipolar (hal), bipolar (laba), iyo multipolar (hannaanka a) neurons go'doon. Multipolar ugu badan ee dadka iyo xayawaanka.

unugyada Glial shaqeeyaan iyo hawlaha taageerada nafaqada jidaynayey meelaynta deggan meel iyo sahayda ee nafaqooyinka in neurons.

unugyada muruqa

Waxaa loo yaqaan myocytes, ama macdantaa. Waxaa jira saddex nooc oo ah unugyada muruqa ;

• striated;
• wadnaha,
• siman.

Iyada oo ku xidhan nooca nudaha, myocytes way kala duwan yihiin. In unugyada striated ay yihiin muddo dheer, elongated, waxay leeyihiin dhowr Tuulo oo tiro badan oo ah mitochondria. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxay isku maran. unugyada muruqa siman waxa lagu gartaa myocytes yar oo leh nuclei ka yar iyo mitochondria. unugyada muruqa siman ma aha in la hoos u sida ugu dhakhsaha badan striated awoodaan. muruqa wadnaha wuxuu ka kooban yahay unugyada muruqa, waxay u badan ula mid ah unugyada striated. All myocytes ku jira borotiinno contractile: actin iyo myosin.