Ontogenesis - nafsiga ah in uu yahay

Geedi socodka lagu qeexaa isbedel isku xigta ontogeny ee u shaqeeyo ka hooseeya in heerarka sare ee aan laga maarmin. Waxaa si kaamil ah dhismaha iyo hawlaha gaarka ah ee qofka.

waxbarashada ontogeny sameeyay dhowr nidaamo sayniska. Tusaale ahaan, ontogeny morphophysiological (formation of jirka) waa shayga waxbarasho ee biology. Taa baddalkeeda, ontogeny maskaxda iyo bulshada ayaa la bartay qaybaha kala duwan ee cilmi nafsiga (psychogenetics, da'da iyo cilmi nafsiga ilmaha, bulshada iyo cilmi nafsiga waxbarasho).

Fikradaha of phylogeny iyo ontogeny

"Phylogeny" Ereyga (Greek:. "Phyle" - "Species, panulirus, qabiilka" iyo "genos" - "asal ahaan") waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loogu yeero geedi socodka ka mid ah muuqaalka iyo horumarka taariikhiga ah ee noocyada. In sayniska nafsi waa horumarinta laabaha xoolaha ee koorsada of horumar, iyo horumar ah ee foomamka of miyir aadanaha.

muhiimad gaar ah More waa fikirka ah "ontogeny". Tani (ee cilmi nafsiga) horumarinta laabaha shaqsi. Xaaladdan oo kale waxaan ka hadleynaa nooca joogtada ah ee horumarinta - laga bilaabo dhalashada ilaa xilligan uu dhintay. Fikradaha of phylogeny iyo ontogeny cilmiga nafsiga ah laga soo amaahday biology, ay qoraaga waa nin cilmiga nafleyda barta a German Ernst Haeckel.

sharciga biogenetic

On ku salaysan fikradaha kuwan, wada jir ah ula F. Müller, Haeckel diyaariyey sharciga biogenetic (1866). Sida laga soo xigtay in ay, qof walba in horumarka shakhsiga ah (ontogeny) si kooban u gudubtaa dhammaan marxaladaha ee noociisa ah (phylogeny).

Ka dibna, sharciga biogenetic waxaa si dhab ah u dhaleeceeyay bulshada sayniska. Tusaale ahaan, sida Golaha counter-Sayniska ka mid ah hal dhibic si ay xaqiiqada ah in aysan jirin dabada iyo Gill wangsan SNMna aadanaha ee University of Jena. In kasta oo taageero ka helaya sharciga biogenetic by Charles Darwin (caddeeyey caddayn ugu weyn ee uu aragtida ah ee horumar), fikradda waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay by Council Sayniska sida suuragal ahayn, iyo qoraaga - eedeeyay musuqmaasuq sayniska.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sharciga biogenetic, iyo in xaqiiqda fikradda ah waynaynayaa (Laatiin:. "Recapitalatio" - "Ogolow, soo noq-kooban oo ka mid ah marka hore hore") saamayn weyn ku saabsan horumarinta cilmiga noolaha, oo ay ku jiraan - waayo horumarinta fikradaha evolutionary. Its saamaynta sharciga biogenetic ayaa ku saabsan horumarinta cilmi nafsiga. ontogeny The laabaha shaqsi ma ciyaari karaa doorka waayo-aragnimo ah Quruumihii hore.

Dhibaatadu waxa ay ka mid ah xoogagga wax ka mid ah horumarka maskaxda

dhibaato nafsi ah oo kala duwan aasaasiga ah waa su'aasha ku saabsan waxa qodob waxa keentay in horumarka maskaxda, go'aamiso ay ontogeny. nafsiga Tani waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa fikirka ah xoogagga wax ka mid ah horumarka maskaxda. Waxaa jira laba siyaabood in xalinta dhibaatada this - biogenetic (dabiiciga ah) iyo sotsiogenetichesky (dadweynaha).

Taageerayaasha oo ka mid ah meelaha ugu horeysay ayaa diiradda lagu saaray xaaladaha firka (Dhaxal), waxaa ka fiirsaneysa inay shirkad keentay in geeddi-socodka ah ee horumarinta shakhsiyeed ee maanka. Iyadoo la raacayo, doorka bulshada arrimaha la yareeyo. Waxaa ka mid ah wakiilada ugu caansan ee hab biogenetic - Descartes, F-F. Rousseau, Spencer, S. Hall, D. Baldwin.

soo horjeeda, hab sotsiogenetichesky sidii xoogagga horumarka maskaxda gaar factor ee bulshada - doorka deegaanka bulshada. Man sidaas waa, u dhaqmo sida alaabta dibadda ah (aan toos ahayn) saamayn. Qiimaha qofka Taageerayaasha hiddo ee habkan waxaa la iska indha tiray. Wakiilada -. J. Locke, E. Durkheim, P. Janet.

Aragti Laba-factor ee ontogenesis laabaha

Sidoo kale, isku dayaysa in la isu geeyo labada arrimood ayaa loo qaaday - dhaxlo iyo bulshada - si ay u sharxaan cayimayo ee fikradaha maskaxda "ontogeny". Tani waxay keentay in jihada saddexaad ee nafsiga - aragtida ah ee laba arrimood. Waxa uu ahaa cilmi-ugu horeeyay ee darantahay, kuwaas oo la diyaariyey mabda'a wada ah laba arrimood. Sida ay mabda this, khadka dhaxlo intersects haysta xadhig ah, sababtoo ah halka ay deegaan bulshada ee horumarinta qofka (waxaa jira wada a).

Iyadoo la raacayo, ontogeny ee cilmi nafsiga aadanaha fuliyay in geeddi-socodka ah ee ku biirtay xaaladaha gudaha iyo dibadda shaqaynta maskaxda. Tusaale ahaan, dareen ah la dhalin ee ciyaarta go'aamin doona sida iyo goorta ilmaha ciyaari doono. Taa baddalkeeda, qalab iyo geeddi-socodka xaaladaha la go'aamin doonaa by deegaanka dhabta ah.

Ahaayeen farsamooyin gaar ah loo baahan yahay si loo ogaado waxyaabaha gaarka ah ee xiriirka ka mid ah arrimaha dibadda iyo gudaha in loo ogaado ontogeny ah. In nafsiga horumarineed waa hab mataanaha ah.

faahfaahin muhiim ah

Habka mataanaha ahaa oo ku salaysan falanqayn la barbar dhigo horumarka maskaxda mataano mancaha iyo dizygotic. Ujeedadiisu waxay ahayd in haddii mataano yihiin dizygotic (DZ - hiddo kala duwan) horumariyo siyaabo kala duwan, sidaas darteed, factor hidaha ee xaaladaha bulsho siman waa muhiim. Haddii horumarinta qiyaastii waa heer la mid ah oo tayo leh, inta badan waxay u adeegtaa factor ee bulshada. Iyada oo mataano monozygotic (MH - hiddo isku mid) xaaladda ay tahay mid la mid ah. Ka dibna waxa ku taxaluqda qiimeynta iyo khilaafaadka DZ- mataano MZ ku nool xaalado kala duwan / la mid yihiin marka la barbar dhigo. Habka mataanaha ah waxaa si balaadhan looga isticmaalaa in psychogenetics.

Sidaas darteed, cilmi nafsiga ah ee horumarinta shakhsiyadda in ontogenesis, sida ay aragti ah wada, kala eryay by laba faasas:

• xubno X hiddo.
• In xubno deegaanka.

Tusaale ahaan, sirdoonka si fiican u yaqaan British Eysenck nafsiga loo tixgeliyaa sida derivative ka mid ah deegaanka by 80% iyo gudaha (dhaxlo) - kaliya 20%.

khasaaro ka mid ah aragtida ah laba-factor ee horumarinta shakhsiyadda waxaa loo arkaa inay xadka ka dhasha dheer ee la iska dhaxlo farsamo iyo tilmaamayaasha bulshada. Taa baddalkeeda, ontogenesis - waa (cilmi nafsiga) ah habraac ka sii dhib badan, waa inaan la yareyn karaa oo keliya si ay xisaabta. Waxaa muhiim ah in la tixgeliyo ay saamiga tirada oo keliya ma aha, laakiin sidoo kale muuqaalada tayo. Waxaa intaa dheer, hannaanka noocan oo kale ah mar walba waa qol kala duwan shaqsi.

hab Psychoanalytic fikirka ah "ontogeny" ee cilmi nafsiga

Waa maxay - ontogeny - eegaysana ee psychoanalysis? Haddii in aragtida hore waxaan arkay wada ah (wada) oo ka mid ah faasas xubno ka kala dhaxlo iyo bulshada, aragtida ah ee Sigmund Freud, habka dambe. Arrimahan waxay waxaa loo arkaa ka barta of iska hor imaad, isha taas oo jaanqaadayn a dabiiciga ah ee rabitaanka, qayb ka mid dabiici ah ee shakhsiyadda ( "id", "Waa" - ku miyir) iyo bulshada ( "superego", "superego" - damiirka, caadooyinka moral).

Marka shaqsi ahaan la eryay by falalkooda qarsoon iyo waxay doonayeen, waa muujin ka timid ay dabiiciga ah, qaab-dhismeedka miyir. Isku dayga in la xakameeyo faahfaahinta rajo gelin darteed, diidmada oo ka mid ah, xukun, isku dayaysa in ay iyaga oo fariisin ka xasuusta - waa shuqulkii qayb bulshada ka mid ah aqoonsiga (nidaamka internalized qiyamka, caadooyinka iyo xeerarka ku dhaqanka, aasaasay sarkhaansan yihiin deegaanka bulshada ee gaarka ah ee).

Aragti Tani waxay sidoo kale ayaa lagu naqdiyay by bulshada sayniska, gaar ahaan farqiga u fiiqan u dhexeeya qaybaha noolaha iyo bulsho ee shakhsiyadda aadanaha.

Ra'yiga Analytical kg wiil

Ku soo noqoshada fikradda ah waynaynayaa (sharciga biogenetic), waxaan ku kor baaro, waxaa la ogaadaa laga yaabaa in isku midka ee Psychology Analytical ee cilmi-nafsiga ee Swiss CG Jung. Waxaan ka hadleynaa aragtida ah oo ka mid ah miyir wadareed. Sida Ernst Haeckel arkay in markale waynaynayaa ontogeny of phylogeny, Jung arkaa qofka wata ee waayo-aragnimo derjada Quruumihii hore. Tijaabada Sidaas waxa muujiyay qaab waxaysidoo qaab astaamo gaar ah oo aragti iyo fasiraad ah xaqiiqada - archetypes. Joojinta la soo dhaafay iyo helid la'aanta gudbikaraa oo miyir leedahay saamayn taban ku leh habka of ontogenesis, sababa xadgudub ku ah dheelitirka maskaxda qofka.

Ontogenesis iyo hawlaha

hordhaca ah ee category ee dhaqdhaqaaqa, sida laga soo xigtay cilmi nafsiga qaranka, DB Elkonin ogolaanaya ilaa xad gaar ah si ay u xaliyaan dhibaatada of qoondaynta mid ah waxyaabaha adag ontogenesis laabaha. Geedi socodka ah ee horumarinta - waa, ugu horreeya oo dhan, waxqabadka mawduuca ay sabab u tahay shaqada dhabta ah. Sida ee arrimaha la kala dhaxlo iyo bulshada, waxay u dhaqmaan sida jawiga horumarka ah, laakiin ma aha sida ay xukuma. Iyagu ma ay keeni geeddi-socodka horumarka ee maanka, laakiin kaliya kala duwanaansho ay gudahood kala duwan ee caadiga ah.