Yaa helay sharciyada mooshin Planetary?

"Sharciyada Kepler ayaa" - weedhan waa la yaqaan in cid kasta oo daneyneysa in xiddigaha. Yuu yahay ninkii this? Connection iyo isku-tiirsanaanta ee yoolka dhabta ah, taas oo uu ku tilmaamay? Astronomer, xisaabyahan ah, fiqi, Faylasuuf, nin caqli leh oo uu waqti Iogann Kepler (1571-1630) helay sharciyada mooshin ka mid ah meerayaasha nidaamka qoraxda.

laga bilaabo wadada

Iogann Kepler, hooyo a of Weil der Stadt (Germany), dunida u yimid bishii December 1571. Tabar yar, ilmaha hortooda masaakiinta adkaaday wax walba inay ku guuleysato nolosha adduunyo. Baro Wiil ay bilaabeen in Leonberg, halkaas oo qoyska u dhaqaaqay. Later uu u wareegay hay'adda sare - dugsiga Latin si ay u bartaan aasaaska luqada, taas oo loogu tala galay in la isticmaalo in publications mustaqbalka.

In 1589 wuxuu ka qalin jabiyay dugsiga ee keniisad Maulbronn magaalada Adelburg. In 1591 wuxuu galay jaamacadda Tübingen. nidaamka waxbarasho wax ku ool ah waxaa la abuuray ka dib markii hordhaca ah ee ugaasyadii reer Lutheranism. Iyada oo taageero ka deeqaha iyo deeqaha waxbarasho ee dowladda saboolka ah isku dayeen in ay bixiyaan habka jaamacad, kuwaas oo ay suurto gal ahayd in ay kor u ah sheekh bartay si fiican, awood difaacaneysa iimaanka cusub ee times of hirarkii muran diimeed.

Intii uu joogo dugsiga Kepler waxaa saamayn ku professor xiddigaha Michael Mostlina. Last qarsoodi ah la wadaago aragtida fikradaha Copernicus ee ku saabsan heliocentric ah (Sun ee xarunta) caalamka oo dhan, in kastoo ardayda u tababaran "Blotemigii" (Earth ee xarunta). aqoon qoto dheer oo ka mid ah fikradaha cilmiga Polish ismaandhaafka dan weyn ee xiddigaha Kepler ee. Sidaas aragti Copernican ayaa horurimarineed kale, kuwaas oo si shakhsi ah doonayay in ay fahmaan sharciyada mooshin ah meerayaasha ku wareegsan qorraxda.

System Solar - shaqo ka mid ah tahay

Qaab daran oo ku filan, mid ka mid ah kuwaas oo markii dambe laga helay sharciyada mooshin Planetary, ha isu fiirso cirbixiyeyaasha by xirfadeed. naftiisa oo dhan, Kepler rumeysan yahay in nidaamka qoraxda - shaqo ka mid ah farshaxanka, isugu ifafaale asalka ah, ku riyoon jiray wadaad noqoto. Xiisaha uu astronomer ku Copernican sharaxay in ka hor inta gunaanad ka cilmi gaar ah ay barbaro galeen, waxa uu leeyahay si ay u bartaan fikrado kala duwan.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, macalimiinta jaamacadda ayaa sheegay in ku saabsan Kepler, sida arday, ayaa maanka u fiican. In 1591, shahaadada Masterka ee, cilmiga waxbarashadiisa ka sii watay ee fiqiga. Oo markay ku dhow in la soo gabagabeeyo, waxa ogaaday in dugsiga Lutheran ee Graz dhintay professor of xisaabta. University of Tübingen talinayaa in ay qaataan on jagada ka qalin tayo leh oo kale. Sidaas daraaddeed, sharciyada wanaagsan-bye mooshinka Planetary?

In magaca Ilaaha

22-sano jir ah Johann ka meermeerayo tagay uu xirfadeed ee asalka ah wadaad u noqon, laakiin weli ku daray inuu waajibaadka macallinka xisaabta ee Graz. Inta lagu guda jiro cashar a fasalka macallinka laylis uu taswiiran on guddiga qaar ka mid ah qaababka joomateri ee la wareegyada-gashan iyo saddexagal. Ka dibna waxa shiday maleeyeen in tirooyinkan wakiil a ratio go'an gaar ah u dhexeeya tirada laba wareegyada, la proviso in saddexagalka waa isle. Waa maxay saamiga of size ee square u dhexeeya labada bulsho? habka fikirka waxaa Muqdsho.

Sannad ka dib, fiqi ah oo aan caadi ahayn la daabacay shuqulkiisa ugu horeysay, "Secret The Caalamka" (1596). In waxa, uu ku qeexan views uu on qarsoon hal abuur leh caalamka oo dhan, oo ay taageerayaan diimaha.

Mid ka mid ah kuwaas oo helay sharciyada mooshin Planetary, ka dhigay in magaca Ilaah. Caddayn dareenka xisaabeed ee caalamka, cilmi garawsannay yimid lix meerayaasha waxaa ku lifaaqan goobaha ku haboon u dhexeeya shan polyhedra caadiga ah. Dabcan, version ah oo ku salaysan "Xaqiiqda" in ay jiraan oo keliya 6 ka mid ah meydadka oo jannada. idiinna Kepler ku wareegsan dhulka ku qeexan dodecahedron fiican iyo baaxadda la xiriira falagiisuu ee Mars.

polyhedra kaamil ah

Qiyaastii degaanka ee cilmiga Mars muujinayaa tetrahedron oo ka howgala, idiinna jiidda Jupiter. icosahedron The gudbikaraa oo ka mid ah dhulka ee orbital kaamil ah "haboon" gudbikaraa oo ka mid ah Venus. Iyadoo isticmaalka noocyada ka haray polyhedra kaamil ah isku ayaa lagu samayn lahaa intoodii kale. Waxaase yaab leh, ratio ee ku Galaatiya Planetary deriska bixiyo meelaha kulaylaha ee model Kepler ayaa ku beegan xilli la xisaabiyo Copernicus.

Furitaanka sharciyada mooshin Planetary, maan xisaabta, wadaadka ugu horraysa waxyi rabaani ah. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa ma sal dhabta ah muran. Qiimaha khuseeya ee "Secrets of Caalamka" waa in ay ahayd talaabadii ugu horaysay muhim dhinaca aqoonsiga oo ka mid ah heliocentric nidaamka dunida, ka soo baxay Copernicus.

Fikrado ka dhanka sax sare

Bishii September 1598 Brotestanka ee Graz, oo ay ku jiraan Kepler, ahaa laga saaray magaalada by taliyayaashii Catholic. Inkastoo Johann loo ogol yahay inuu ku soo laabto, xaaladda ayaa wali ah mid aad u kacsan. In taageero raba, ayuu u soo jeestay in ay Tiho Brage - xisaab iyo astronomer at barxadda Emperor Rudolf II. saynisyahan ee lagu yaqaanay ay ururinta cajiib ah oo la arkay ay Planetary.

Wuxuu ogaa oo ku saabsan inuu shaqada "The Secret Caalamka." Laakiin marka in 1600 ay abuure in fiirinta ee dabeeto aayar ayuu ku yaalaa magaalada Prague, Brahe ka baxsan, ku hawlan-sax sare (waqti) waxbarashada yimid, iyana waxay isagii u salaamay sida qoraaga of shaqo gaar ah, laakiin ma aha sida saaxiibkii. iska hor imaad u dhexeeya iyaga socday ilaa uu ka dhinto xiddigiye deenishka, kaas oo ka dhacay sannad ka dib. Markii uu ka tagay jeeda dunida kale Kepler aaminay in ay ilaaliyaan khasnaddii galku uu. Waxay ka caawiyay cilmi inuu noqdo mid ka mid ah kuwaas oo helay sharciyada mooshin Planetary agagaarka qorraxda.

Jidka Mars

waxbarashada Braga Recent si ay u abuuraan loox oo mooshin Planetary aan la dhameystiray. All rajo yihiin iskula on bedelka a. Waxa uu loo magacaabay xisaab Imperial. Inkastoo xidhiidhka murugsan oo la saaxiibkiisii dhintay, Kepler ahaa free inay ku baaqaan in danahooda gaarka ah in xiddigaha. Waxa uu go'aansaday in uu sii wadi indhaynta Mars iyo qeexaan aragtida gaar ah idiinna ee meerahaas.

Johann dhawr in ay furitaanka jidka Martian adag Muujin kara Jidka mooshin oo dhan kale "warwareega caalamka oo dhan." Ku lidi ah aaminaada, waxaa la ma ahan oo keliya loo isticmaalo indhaynta Brahe ee, in ay doortaan qaab joomateri ku haboon tilmaanta. fiqi Yesterday in ay diiradda saaraan dadaalada on helitaanka aragti jirka ah "Walaalo ah oo ku nool vacuum ah," dhaqdhaqaaqa ka kaas oo aan xujeesan, Galaatiya ay. shaqada ah cilmi Titanic Ka dib waxay ahaayeen saddex sharciyada mooshin Planetary.

Sharciga ugu horeeya ee

I. Galaatiya Planetary waa ellipses qorraxda at mid ka mid ah iyo Axdigu u.

Sharciga mooshin Planetary nidaamka qoraxda ogaaday in meerayaasha ku guurto ellipses. Waxa uu u muuqday ka dib sideed sanno xisaabinta iyadoo la isticmaalayo database ku ururisey Tiho Brage ku saleysan aragtida mooshin Planetary Mars Stars. Shuqulkiisa Johann loo yaqaan "xiddigaha New".

Sayidka, sida sharciga waafaqsan ugu horeysay ee Kepler, ellipse kasta waxay leedahay laba dhibcood joomatari yeedhay Axdigu (focus in keli ah). Masaafada u total ka meeraha in kasta oo ka mid ah xarumaha of dagtay mar walba waa isku mid, iyadoo aan loo eegin meesha meeraha sugan yahay jid ay dhaqdhaqaaqa. muhiimadda ay leedahay helitaanka waa in male ah in Galaatiya ma wareegyada kaamil ah (sida in aragtida ah geocentric) dadka in ay faham badan oo sax ah oo cad oo sawir dunida keeno.

Sharcigu labaad

II. line The xira caalamka inay Sun ah (dulinka booska) aagga siman guulaysta si joogto ah, halka marka meeraha guuro hareeraha ellipse ah.

Taasi waa, in wakhti kasta oo ah waqtiga, tusaale ahaan, 30 maalmood ka dib, meeraha guulaysta isla aagga, iyadoo aan loo eegayn waxa ay muddo aad doorato. Waxaa guuro si dhakhso ah marka u dhaw in ay Qorraxda iyo gaabis ah marka aad ka qaadid, laakiin yimaado la xawaaraha abid-beddelo marka la guuro hareeraha falagiisuu. The dhaqdhaqaaqa badan "fudutahay" arkay at perihelion (dhibic dhow Sun) iyo "awood sharci" ugu -in aphelion (fog ka soo dhibic qorraxda). Sidaas qalbiyadooda ka mid ah, kuwaas helay sharciyada mooshin Planetary.

Sharcigu wuxuu saddexaad

III. square ee mudada guud ee kacaanka orbital (T) saami la saaraayo ee masaafada u celcelis ahaan ka meeraha The Sun ee (R).

Mabda 'Tani waxaa loo yaqaan sharciga wada noolaanshaha. Waxa uu is barbardhigay muddada orbital iyo gacan ka mid ah Galaatiya Planetary. Kepler ee daahfurka ee nuxurka been soo socda: ratio of the god oo xabbadood oo muddo dhaqdhaqaaqa masaafada celcelis ahaan ka soo qorraxdu soo baxdo waa isku mid u ah caalamka kasta.

Mar kale, sharciyada mooshin ah meerayaasha Kepler ayaa ku salaysan indhaynta ballaaran oo halis ah iyo xisaab baaraandego. nidaamyada soo bandhigeen, waxay lama dareemo dhacdooyin qaboojiyaha. Later, discoverer caanka ah ee sharciga gravitation universal , Newton caddeeyeen in otgadka jiifay ee guryaha jirka ah ee jirkooda kasta oo kale oo soo jiidan.

hooska jidhkayga halkan

Inkastoo uu guulo, Kepler si joogto ah soo gaaray dhibaatooyin dhaqaale, la'aanta waqtiga safarka waxbarasho oo raadinaya meelo ay u dulqaadan ay diinta ay aaminsan yihiin. Dhowr jeer uu isku dayay si aad u hesho meel baridda in Tübingen ah, laakiin waxaa loo arkaa tage, Protestant ah, oo loo diiday.

Iogann Kepler dhintay on November 15, 1630 ka soo weerar qandho ba'an. Oo waxaa lagu aasay qabuuraha Protestant ah. epitaph ee ina uu sharciga ku qoray: "Waxaan si loo cabbiro samooyinka isticmaalo. Hadda waxaan haystaa si loo cabbiro dhulka hooska. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in naftayda ku jiraa samada, hooska jidhkayga halkan been. "

Haa, marka hore ruuxa fikradaha Dr Makumbe, saynisyahano rumeysan yahay in meerayaasha dhaqaaqo sababtoo ah waxa ay leeyihiin naf, sixir nool, ma aha oo keliya Goosimo arrinta. Later uu ogaaday in hab cilmiyaysan badan yahay xaq. Well, wadaad iyo astronomer, helay sharciyada mooshin Planetary, aragti daacad ah ayaa. Laakiin galin naftaada, mararka qaar waxa ay u muuqataa in caalamka sayniska mystics aad u badan!