Ore Aluminum, anigaa iska leh, macdanta

In warshadaha casriga ah, bauxite waa wax ugu doondoonista ceeriin. horumarinta degdegga ah ee sayniska iyo tiknoolajiyada ayaa loo ogol yahay in ay ballaariso baaxadda ay codsiga. Waa maxay ore aluminium ah, iyo meesha ay ku soo saaray - waxaa lagu tilmaamay in this article.

qiimaha aluminium Warshadaha

Aluminum waa bir ugu badan. By tirada of lacag dhigaal ah, uu kaalinta seddexaad ee qolof ah. Aluminum waxaa loo yaqaan oo dhan iyo sidoo kale element ah in miiska wareegsan, taasoo la xiriirta in ay biraha ku fudud.

Aluminum ore - wax dabiici ah cayriin oo ka kaas oo biraha waa la helay. Asal ahaan waxaa laga soo bauxite, kuwaas oo ka kooban xabagta aluminium (alumina) ee lacagta ugu badan - 28 ilaa 80%. eyda oo kale - alunite, nepheline, nepheline-apatite iyo sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa qalab dihin ee wax soo saarka aluminium, laakiin waxa ay leeyihiin tayo xumaa, iyo waxa ku jira alumina xooga yar.

In ka aluminium Biraha non-ferrous, marka hore kaalinta. Xaqiiqdu waxay tahay in ay sabab u tahay sifooyinka ay, waxaa loo adeegsanayaa in badan warshadaha. Sayidka, biraha loo isticmaalo injineernimada gaadiidka, warshadaha baakooyinka, dhismaha iyo soo saaridda alaabta kala duwan ee macaamiisha. Sidoo kale, aluminium si weyn loo isticmaalaa in injineernimada korontada.

Si aad u fahamto sida aluminium muhiim u ah Dadka, fiirin ku filan maalin kasta waxyaabaha aan maalin walba isticmaalaan. walxo badan oo qoyska ka mid ah aluminium sameeyey waa qaybo, waayo, qalabka korontada (qaboojiyaha, Makiinadaha dhar dhaqidda, iwm ...), Taarikada, qalabka isboortiga, qadiin ah, xubno gudaha. Aluminum waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka ee noocyada kala duwan ee baakada. Tusaale ahaan, daasadaha ama weelasha of-bireed tuuro.

Noocyada senti aluminium

Aluminum waxaa ku jira in ka badan 250 macdan. Kuwaas oo kala ah, ugu qiimaha badan ee warshadaha ay yihiin bauxite, nepheline iyo alunite. Aynu u wada hadlaan si faahfaahsan.

ore bauxite

In dabiiciga ah, aluminium saafi ah ma dhici karto. Asal ahaan waxa la soo saaray ka ore aluminium - bauxite. macdanta Tani, taas oo inta badan ka kooban yahay hydroxide aluminium, iyo sidoo kale birta iyo Silicon oxides. Due to content ugu weyn ee alumina (40 ilaa 60%) iyadoo la isticmaalayo bauxite qalab dihin ee wax soo saarka aluminium.

The guryaha jirka ah ee ore aluminium:

• cas macdanta Doolaal iyo cawl in midabo kala duwan leh;
• engegnaantiinna oo ka mid ah tijaabooyinka ugu xoogga badan ee 6 on baaxadda Mohs ';
• bauxite cufnaanta, taas oo ku xidhan Halabuurka kiimikada kala duwan ee kala duwan 2900-3500 kg / m³ ah.

Dhigashada ee ore bauxite yihiin meelaha ay Equatorial iyo kulaylaha ah ee dhulka. kayd waaweyn ku yaalaan Russia.

Sida la aasaasay ore aluminium bauxite

Bauxite waxaa la aasaasay ka laktosmonohydrat alumina hydrate, boehmite iyo diaspore, trehvodnogo hydrate - hydroxides hydrargillite iyo macdan la xiriira, iyo xabagta bir ah.

Iyada oo ku xidhan kooban prirodoobrazuyuschih xubno ka kala saaro saddex kooxood oo ore bauxite:

1. Laktosmonohydrat bauxite - oo ay ku jiraan qaab laktosmonohydrat alumina.
2. Trigidratnye - macdanta sida ka kooban yihiin alumina qaab trehvodnoy.
3. Isku qasan - Kooxdani waxa ay ka kooban tahay isku dhafan ore aluminium hore.

Dhigashada sameeyay wax cayriin sabab u ah cimilada ee acid, alkali, iyo mararka qaarkood noocyada waaweyn, ama ka dhigaalka ah si tartiib on hoose ee badda iyo baddii xaddi badan oo alumina.

ore alunite

Noocan ah kaydka ka kooban ilaa 40% alumina. ore Alunite laga sameeyey maddiibadihii biyaha iyo xeebaha hoos hydrothermal daran iyo waxqabadka Kobenhagen. Tusaale ka mid ah kayd sida - gudubno Zaglinskoe ee Caucasus yar.

dhagaxayga weyn iska furan. Advantageously waxay ka kooban hydromicas iyo kaolinites. content ore alunite xiiso Industrial ka badan 50% ka weyn.

nepheline

Tani waxay asal ahaan magmatic ore aluminium. Waa dhagaxyada xumadoodu holocrystalline. Iyada oo ku xidhan ka kooban oo processing ah qaababka farsamada kala saaro noocyo dhowr ah oo ore nepheline:

• Class I - 60-90% nepheline; waxa ku jira in ka badan 25% ka mid ah alumina; Recycling waxaa lagu fuliyaa by sintering;
• Class II - 40-60% nepheline, qadar yar hoose ee alumina - 22-25%; looga baahan yahay kobcinta inta lagu guda jiro processing,
• macdanta nepheline, kuwaas oo ka mid ah ma qiimaha ganacsiga - fasalka saddexaad.

wax soo saarka World of senti aluminium

ore aluminium First miino qeybtii hore ee qarnigii XIX ee koonfur-bari France, oo u dhow tuulada Box. Sidaa awgeed, sida magaca bauxite ah. Marka ugu horeysa, ka warshadaha si tartiib ah u horumarsan. Laakiin marka aadanaha lagu qiimeeyo, waxa bauxite faa'iido badan ee wax soo saarka, baaxadda codsiga aluminium ayaa u kordhay. Waddamo badan oo ay bilaabeen inay baadhaan in ay dhulal kayd lacag dhigaal ah. Sidaas darteed, wax soo saarka adduunka ee senti aluminium waxay bilaabeen inay si tartiib tartiib ah u kordhi. Xaqiijinta xaqiiqda waxa ay kala yihiin tirooyinka. Sidaas darteed, 1913, mugga ore caalamka miino ahaa 540 tons, ka dibna sanadka 2014 godu -. In ka badan 180 million tons.

Sidoo kale si tartiib ah kor u kacay tirada dalalka soo saara ore aluminium. Si aad u taariikhda, halkaas oo ku saabsan 30. yihiin Laakiin ka badan 100 sano ee la soo dhaafay, dalalka iyo gobollada waaweyn ee joogto ah la beddelo. Sidaas daraaddeed, in bilowgii qarnigii XX ah, hogaamiyayaasha caalamka ee soo-saarka ee ore aluminium iyo wax soo saarka waxay ahaayeen North America iyo Western Europe. Labadan gobol lagu tiriyaa ku saabsan 98% ka mid ah wax soo saarka ee caalamka. a sano ee yar marka la eego tirada madaxda warshadaha aluminium Ka dib waxa ay noqotay dalalka Yurubta Bari, Latin America iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti. Oo hoggaamiyaha 1950-1960-mada ee size-soo-saarka waxa uu noqday Latin America. Oo 1980-1990 sano. waxaa jiray horumar degdeg ah oo degdeg ah ee aluminium industry ee Australia iyo Africa. In arrimuhu caalamka maanta dalalka weyn ee wax soo saarka aluminium yihiin Australia, Brazil, China, Guinea, Jamaica, India, Russia, Suriname, Venezuela iyo Greece.

kayd Ore ee Russia

Waayo ore aluminium mugga saarka Russia kaalinta toddobaad ee kala sareynta xulalka adduunka. In kasta oo beerta senti aluminium in Russia si ay u bixiyaan biraha ee u tiro badan, waxa ahi kuma filla in ay si buuxda u la kulmo warshadaha. Sidaa darteed, gobolka waxaa lagu qasbay in ay soo iibsadaan bauxite dalalka kale.

Total ee Russia ku yaal 50 kayd ore. Tani waxaa ka mid ah sida meel macdanta waxaa miino, oo aan horumariyo kayd.

Inta kaydka ore ku yaalla qaybta Yurub ee dalka. Halkan waxay ku yaalaan Sverdlovsk, Arkhangelsk, gobolka Belgorod, in Jamhuuriyadda Komi ah. Gobollada oo dhan, kuwaas oo ku jira 70% kaydka la xaqiijiyay ee dhadhaab ee dalka.

senti Aluminum waxaa loo miino ee Russia ayaa weli ku jira kayd bauxite jir. gobollada noocan oo kale ah la xidhiidho beerta Radynskoe ee Gobolka Leningrad. Sidoo kale, ay sabab u tahay yaraanta ah ee alaabta ceeriin Russia isticmaalaa kayd kale ore aluminium waxaa lagu gartaa kayd macdanta tayada saboolka. Laakiin waxay sidoo kale ku haboon ujeedooyinka warshadaha yihiin. Tusaale ahaan, in Russia waxaa la soo saaray ee senti tiro nepheline weyn, kaas oo sidoo kale waa macquul in la helo aluminium.