Parsuna - waa nooc qadiimi ah oo yar-bartay of portraiture

Wixii qarniyo, Dadka ayaa isku dayay in ay qabsadaan dunidu ina, aan fekerkaaga iyo dareenkaaga ku wareegsan. Waxaa ay ahayd markii qaar ka mid ah ka hor inta farshaxankiisa godka ayaa loo beddelaa sawir buuxa. In ka portraiture qarniyadii dhexe muujiyay badan Wajigooda image quduusiinta ah - iconography. Waxa ay ahayd oo kaliya ka goor dambe oo qarnigii 16aad, fanaaniinta bilaabaan si ay u abuuraan Wehbe dadka dhabta ah: tirooyinka siyaasadda, dadweynaha iyo dhaqanka. Noocan ah tahay waxa loo yaqaan "parsuna" (photo shaqada hoos lagu soo bandhigay). Noocan ah rinjiyeynta sawirka noqday baahsan ee dhaqanka Ruushka, Belarus iyo Ukraine.

Parsuna - waa maxay?

Magaca of this nooc ka mid ah rinjiyeynta ayaa heshay aamminsan yahay qof eray Laatiin - «aqoonsiga». Sida saxda ah ee wakhtigaasba waxaa loo yeedhay image sawirka ee Europe. Parsuna - magac generic shuqullada Ruush, Ukraine iyo Belarus dhamaadka portraiture ee qarniyadii 16-17th, kaas oo isku daraa icon-rinjiyeynta turjumidda oo ka fudud. Tani waa hore iyo xoogaa heer hoose ku sifayn of portraiture, wax caadi ah in boqortooyada Ruush. Parsuna - waa asalka isku la fikrad dheeraad ah oo casri ah "sida sawirka", iyadoo aan loo eegin oo ka mid ah farsamada iyo qaab waqtiga qoraal.

ah ee muddada

In 1851 waxaa la daabacay edition ah "Antiquities of State Ruushka", taas oo ka kooban sawirada badan. qaybta afraad ee buugga la soo ururiyey Snegirevym I. M., kuwaas oo marka hore isku dayday in ay soo koobaan oo dhan qalabka jira on taariikhda sawirka Ruush. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in qoraaga ugu horeeyay ee loo gudbiyo xaqiiqada ah in parsuna sida. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida muddo sayniska eraygiisii uu ku faafay oo kaliya in qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii 20-aad ka dib markii daabacaadda Ovchinnikova, E. S., "sawirka farshaxanka Ruush ee qarnigii XVII ah." Waxaa la adkeeyay parsuna in - this hore dhamaadka portraiture easel ee qarniyadii 16-17th.

Tilmaamo caan ku sifayn ah

Parsuna baxday inta lagu jiro xilliga kala guurka ah ee taariikhda Ruush, marka dunida Dr Makumbe ayaa waxaa is badalo, taas oo keentay in soo bixitaanka of hadafyada farshaxanka cusub. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in shaqada farshaxanka jihada this abuuray by Ranjiilayaasha of maqsinka - Ushakovym S. F., Odolska G., Bezminym I. A., Maksimov IV, Choglokovym M. I. iyo kuwa kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shuqulladan farshaxanka waxaa sida caadiga ah aan saxiixay by abuuray ay, si loo xaqiijiyo qoray shuqulladiisa qaarkood suurtogal ma aha. Taariikhda qoraal sawirka this sidoo kale waa meel muujinaysaa in caqabad la aasaaso isku xigxiga oo taariikh ka mid ah Abuuridda.

Parsuna - sifayn ah portraiture, oo sarkhaansan yihiin dugsiyada Western Yurub kacay. The hab iyo style of warqad loo gudbiyey midabada dhalaalaya oo quruxsan midabo, laakiin weli ixtiraamo dhaqan iconographic. parsuna Guud Nuurre Aw labadaba ah qalab iyo marka la eego farsamada, iyo stylistically. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhammaan waxaa inta badan la isticmaalo rinjiga saliid si ay u abuuraan image on shiraac ah. u eg sawirka loo kala qaado aad shuruud, inta badan loo isticmaalaa wax sifooyinka ama saxeexo oo aad go'aan ka gaari kara oo la sawiray.

Sida Lifshits Lev ah, Ph.D, qorayaasha parsuna isku dayay si sax ah ma u gudbiyo sifooyinka wajiga ama gobolka ee maskaxda ee qofka lagu taswiiray, waxay dooneen si ay u dhawraan Buzadag soo jeedinta screen cad oo ka mid ah tirooyinka, kaas oo u dhigma lahaa inuu darajo ama darajo ah oo lagu daydo - Safiirka, taliyaha, Prince, sayidkaygiiyow. Si aad si fiican u fahmaan waxa parsuna, eegta uun ku Wehbe waqtiga.

noocyada

Si bartey diyaarin koobi portraiture ee xiliyo, dhaleecayn casri ah ayaa lagu tilmaamay qaybaha parsuna soo socda, oo ku salaysan shaqaalaha iyo farsamo ee rinjiyeynta:

- tempera on board, Wehbe xabaashii (Theodore A., Fyodor Ivanovich, Alexei Mikhailovich);

- sharaf Image: amiirradii, kuwii gobta ahaa, midiidinnadiisa (Lyutkin gallery Repnin, Naryshkin);

- madaxda Church Image (Joachim, Nikon);

- "parsuna" icon.

"Picturesque" ( "parsuna") icon

Noocaan wuxuu ka mid images of quduusiinta, kuwaas oo artist ka codsatay rinjiga saliid ah (ugu yaraan in layers midabo). farsamo ee walxood oo sida u dhow classic Yurub. "Parsuna" icon iska leh xilliga kala-guurka ah ranjiyeynta. Waxaa jira laba farsamooyinka aasaasiga ah ee rinjiyeynta saliid classical, loo isticmaalo si ay u matalaan Wajiyada kuwa quduuska ah waqtiga:

- barbaro on shiraac ah oo isticmaalaya dhulka gudcur;

- Work on salka alwaax ciid fudud.

Waxaa xusid mudan in parsuna - this waxaa si buuxda ma bartay ku sifayn ee sawirka of rinjiyeynta Ruush. Iyo dhaqanka ka dhigi doonaa daahfurtay badan oo xiiso leh aagga this.