Pedology - waa in la fahmo fikradda guud ee ...

Pedology - waa saynis ah, isku wajiyada daawo, bayoolaji, barbaarinta iyo nafsaani-farsamooyinka horumarinta ilmaha. In kasta oo erayga waa dhacsan oo ayaa helay format ee cilmi nafsiga ilmaha, hababka pedological caalamiga ah ee jiidanaya ma aha oo kaliya saynisyahano, laakiin sidoo kale in ay dad ka baxsan dunida sayniska.

story

taariikhda Pedology bilaabmaa West ee qarnigii 19aad. Its bixitaanka inta badan ka qayb qaatay horumarka degdeg ah laamihii codsatay of barbaarinta tijaabo iyo cilmi nafsiga. Isku darka habab isku jidh-jir iyo noolaha ka dhacay paedology mashiin. More hufan, waxaa loo Yeedhiyaa by adag, daraasad dhamaystiran oo ah horumarka maskaxda ee carruurta iyo dhaqankooda.

Ereyga "pedology" la soo bandhigay by cilmiga-cilmi-American Krismanom Oscar ee 1853. Qeexidda Greek waa sida "sayniska ee carruurta" (Pedos - ilmaha, logos - sayniska, waxbarasho).

madax

Oo shuqulladaadii hore on pedology ay qoreen Sudee psychologists American Hall, J .. Baldwin iyo physiologist W. Preyer. Waxay istaageen asalka ah ee cilmi nafsiga horumarineed oo soo urursadeen dukaanka weyn ee xogta taaban karo oo ku saabsan horumarka iyo dhaqanka ee caruurta. shuqullada waxay ahaayeen kacaan siyaabo badan oo sal ilmaha iyo cilmi nafsiga horumarineed.

In Russia

In qarnigii 20aad, hadda cusub ee sayniska daalaeday galay Russia (markaas USSR) iyo helay cidhibta istaahila in dhakhtarka dhimirka shuqullada iyo Reflexology VM Spondylitis, cilmi nafsiga AP Nechayev, physiologist E. Moymana cudurada iyo GI Rossolimo. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah by Samo falku ka mid ah xirfad ay isku dayeen in ay sharxaan dejiyo sharciyada horumarka ilmaha iyo qaababka ay la saxo.

Pedology ee Russia heshay baaxadda wax ku ool ah: machadyada pedological furay iyo "House Carruurta" (Moscow), tiro ka mid ah koorsooyinka gaar ah. Dugsiyada sameeyay imtixaanaadka cilmi nafsiyeed, natiijada oo fasalo qalab ka dhacay. Daraasadda ku saabsan cilmi nafsiga ilmahaaga ayaa ku xiran psychologists hoggaamineed, qof, dhakhaatiirta iyo macalimiinta ee dalka. All waxaas la sameeyey iyada oo ujeedadu tahay waxbarasho oo dhamaystiran ee koritaanka ilmaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida hawl fudud waa arrin cudur daar uma tahay.

By sano th 20 ee pedology Ruushka - this dhaqdhaqaaqa cilmiyeed baaxad weyn, laakiin ma sayniska adag. caqabadda ugu weyn ee ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee aqoonta ilmaha ahaa la'aanta ah ee falanqaynta horudhac ah oo ka mid ah hababka of science, ka samaysan oo adag this.

khaladaadka

Khaladka ugu weyn ee ka pedologists Soviet tixgeliyo underestimation ah doorka arrimo la iska dhaxlo ee horumarinta carruurta iyo saamaynta ay qaabaynta ee dad deegaanka bulshada. In arrin la taaban karo in ay qaladaad sayniska waxaa ka mid ah higaada iyo isticmaalka ee imtixaanka caqli badnida.

In 30-ka dhan cilado ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah loo saxo iyo pedology ee Soviet bilaabo jid kalsooni dheeraad ah iyo macno leh. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1936 iyana waxay noqotay a "dacayadeed-sayniska", nidaamka siyaasadeed ee objectionable. The tijaabo kacaan duubnaadaan, shaybaarka pedological xidhay. Imtixaanka waa habka ugu muhiimsan ee pedological, waxay ahayd nugul ee dhaqanka waxbarashada. Tan iyo markii ay natiijada ugu badan ee carruurta soo baxay in la hibo wadaaddadii, Whites iyo intelligentsia "qurmay", halkii ay of proletariat ah. Iyo waxa aan ahaa socon fikirka xisbiga. Sidaas barbaarinta carruurta in foomamka dhaqameedyada, taas oo keentay in fadhiidka ah ee nidaamka waxbarashada ku soo laabtay.

The mabaadiida pedology

Horumarinta pedology ee Russia iminka natiijooyin qaar ka mid ah, waxaa la sameeyay mabaadi'da aasaasiga ah ee sayniska,

• Pedology - aqoon guud ee ilmaha. Laga soo bilaabo meel this, waxaa loo arkaa ma "ayugu", iyo in guud, waqti isku mid ah sida abuurista nafleyda, bulshada, cilmi nafsiga, iwm Dhammaan dhinacyada kala duwan ee uu daraasadda waxaa lagu wada xiriira oo isku maran kasta oo kale. Laakiin tani ma aha oo kaliya wareeray xog uruurinta nidaamka teori sax ah iyo hababka.
• durkin kale waxa uu ahaa pedologists mabda'a hidaha. Waxaa si firfircoon uga bartay cilmi nafsiga LIS Vygotsky. On tusaale ahaan ka mid ah hadalka bida ilmaha ( "hadal run jaray"), wuxuu cadeeyay in sophomoric ama "muttering hoos neeftiisa," waa heerka ugu horreeya ee hadalka gudaha ama fikirka aadanaha. Mabda 'hidda muujinaysaa baahsanaanta ee ifafaale ah.
• Mabda'a saddexaad - waxbarasho ee carruurnimada - si ay u caddeeyaan in deegaanka bulshada iyo nolosha si weyn u saamayn ugu yeesho horumarka fikriga ah ee ilmaha iyo shabahaad. Sidaas daraaddeed, dayacaad ama qallafsanaan waxbarashada, nafaqo-xumo saamayn caafimaadka maskaxda iyo nafeedba u ah ilmaha.
• Mabda'a afaraad waa ahmiyaddii la taaban karo ee pedology - guurka ka dunida ilmaha barashada in wax laga beddelo. In xiriir this waxaa la abuuray tashi pedological, wada hadal waalidiinta, cudurka nafsiga ah ee carruurta.

Pedology - saynis ah oo adag, si mabaadiida ay ku saleysan yihiin daraasad dhamaystiran ee ilmaha. Psychology iyo pedology dheer loo aqoonsaday kasta oo kale, wax soo saarka labaad ee muddo xileedka koowaad. Sidaa darteed, adag pedology weli u adeegta saamaynta nafsiyeed.

Tan iyo markii ay 50s ee fikradda ah qayb pedology bilaabay inuu ku soo laabto ee barbaarinta iyo cilmi nafsiga. Iyo 20 sano ka dib waxay bilaabeen ah shaqada waxbarashada firfircoon isticmaalayo baaritaanka ku saabsan horumarinta aqooneed ee carruurta.