Perchloric acid - Guryaha, Production iyo codsiga. Taxadarka

Perchloric acid (formula HClO4) - waa ammooniya a acid monobasic. Waxaa ku jira chlorine (cl) ee gobolka qayilo sare, sababtan awgeed, waa oxidizer ugu xooga badan. Qarax.

Guryaha perchloric acid

1. Tani waa dareere ah kacsan oo aan midab, wax badan oo qiiq ah hawada, monomer ee lammaane. Deganayn iyo aad u socodnimo. Si taas loo avtodegidratatsiya sifo acid:

3HClO4 = H3O + (waxbarashada) + dhaqid, (anion) + Cl2O7 (chlorine monoxide)

2. walax Tani waa diyaar L. in qase warankiilada leh iyo organofluorine sida CH2Cl2 (chloride methylene), CHCl3 (chloroform), iyo kuwa kale. Waxaa ku qasmay qase kale oo bandhigaa yaraynta guryaha, maaraysay si taxadar la'aan waxay keeni kartaa qarax ama dab.

3. Waxaa sidoo kale qaso biyo (H2O) ee Joogaba kasta. Foomamka dhowr hydrates. xal u xoog of acid this leedahay joogtona wax yar dufan leh. Tani xal acid aqueous leedahay xasiloonida wanaagsan iyo awood oksidheeyeyaal hooseeyo. Iyada oo biyo ah aan ku fekereyno walax foomamka azeotrope ah oo heerkulka a of 203 digrii, booguhu iyo waxa ku jira 72 boqolkiiba HClO4.

4. Perchloric acid (formula HClO4) waa mid ka mid ah acids ugu adag. Taas darteed, in ay deegaan acidic xeryahooda qaar ka mid ah u dhaqmaan sida saldhigyada.

5. Cadaadiska hoos la tur kulaylinta isku dar ah ee perchloric acid la anhydride phosphoric sameeyay midab saliid dareere - chlorine dioxide:

2HClO4 (perchloric acid) + P4O10 (anhydride phosphoric) = Cl2O7 (chlorine dioxide) + H2P4O11

Hababka diyaarinta

1. xal Aqueous wakiilka this la diyaarin karaa laba siyaabood. marka hore waa lagu qayilo ka electrochemical ee chlorine ama aashito, in xoog Aashito, oo kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - in kala daatay ee labanlaabka ah perchlorate sodium ama potassium acids xoog imanba.

2. perchloric acid ammooniya waxaa laga heli karaa laba siyaabood, sidoo kale. marka hore wuxuu ka kooban yahay in ficil perchlorate potassium (K) ama sodium (Na) la acid sulfuric qaab xoog, iyo tan labaad - dhexgalka la oleum xal ah aqueous of perchloric acid:

KClO4 (xal aqueous of perchloric acid) + H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) = KHSO4 (hydrogensulfate potassium) + HClO4 (perchloric acid)

Codsiga of perchloric acid

- xal u xoog caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo si ay u helaan perchlorates (cusbada ee acids ah), iyo kimistari gorfaynta,

- perchloric acid waxaa loo isticmaalaa in kala daatay ee senti sidii qaar kaaliya iyo falanqaynta ee macdanta,

- perchlorate potassium (Formula: KClO4), cusbo ah oo acid this, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in la abuuro waxyaabaha qarxa, iyo perchlorate magnesium (anhydrone, mg (ClO4) 2) waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida desiccant ah.

Badbaadada shaqada

Perchloric acid, ammooniya dheer ma kaydin karaa oo gaadiid, sida xaaladaha caadiga ah waa si degdeg ah yaraadeen waxaana laga yaabaa in markii danbe iskooda u qarxi.

chlorine-ka kooban kale imanba acid:

1. acid Hydrochloric (Formula: HCL) - monobasic acid xoog, xoqe, Duldhacay hawada oo dareere ah. electroforming Applied (pickling, Iagu) iyo hydrometallurgy, nadiifinta biraha lagu jiro tinning iyo kabida, si loo soo saaro chloride manganese, zinc, iyo birta iyo biraha kale. walaxda in warshadaha cuntada waxa ay u diiwan E507 daro cuntada.

2. Hypochlorous acid (Formula: HClO) - aad u tabar daran monobasic acid. Waxaa jiri karo oo kaliya in xal. Loo isticmaalo ujeeddooyin nadaafada iyo sidoo kale bleaching dharka iyo saxarka.

3. acid chlorous (HClO2) - dhexdhexaad acid monobasic xoog leh. Waa aan degganayn ee ay qaab lacag la'aan ah, sida caadiga ah Dullaysane si degdeg ah xal aqueous lagu milo. anhydride ee acid this weli la garanayn.

acid 4. chloric (HClO3) - monobasic acid xoog leh. Ma aydin helin qaab lacag la'aan ah, sida nasashada ee xal u xoog. In xal aqueous, waxaa ka jira ka awood yar ka badan 30 boqolkiiba. Waxay jeelyihiin in xasiloon marka heerkulku hooseeyo.