Physicists caan ah. physicists nuclear caan

Barashada shuruucda nin dabiiciga ah iyada waxaa ku hawlan dhowr kun oo sano ka hor. La'aanta qalabka loo baahan yahay, kaligii talisnimada diinta, helitaanka adag tahay in waxbarashada loogu talagalay dadka aan gobolka muhiim ah - waxan oo dhan ma joojin kari lahaa horumarka oo fikirka sayniska. physicists caan ah oo dunida ku baahsan ay awoodaan in ay bartaan sidii ay u gudbiyaan macluumaad ka badan masaafo dheer, korontada helitaanka, iyo wax badan, oo badan. Maxay yihiin magacyada ugu muhiimsan ee sheekada? Waxaan ku qor qaar ka mid ah takhasuska ugu Gaalowday.

Albert Einstein

saynisyahan The mustaqbalka uu ku dhashay ee March 1879 magaalada Ulm, ee Germany. awowayaashiis Albert ku noolaa Swabia, dhowr boqol oo sano, iyo alaabtii uu isaga qudhiisu ilaa dhawr maalmood la soo dhaafay ayaa xasuusta ay dhaxalka - sheegay in la taabto oo ah lahjad koonfureed Jarmal. Bartay dugsiga dad ka dibna dugsiga sare, halkaas oo bilowgaba ka doorteen cilmiga dabiiciga ah iyo cilmiga ah. By 16 jir uu guuleysto oo dhan waxaa looga baahan yahay gelitaanka jaamacadda, laakiin ma ay ula qabsadaan imtixaanka oo ku qoran luqadda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu dhakhsaha badan uu noqday arday Jaamacadda Polytechnic ee Zurich. macalimiinta waxay ahaayeen physicists caan ah iyo xisaabyahannada waqtiga, tusaale ahaan, Hermann Minkowski, kuwaas oo mustaqbalka iman doona la formula ugu fiican ee ra'yi dhiibashada ka mid ah aragtida ah ee relativity. Inta badan, Einstein qaatay ee shaybaadhka, ama akhriska shuqullada Maxwell, Kirchhoff iyo khubaro kale keentay in duurka ku. Ka dib markii waxbarasho waqti qaar ka mid ah Albert ahaa macallin, oo markii dambe u noqday xafiiska patent khabiir farsamo muddo sannado ah oo uu daabacay badan shuqulladiisa caan ah, ammaani dunida. Waxa uu bedelay sida dadku u maleeyay oo ku saabsan bannaan ee ahaa formula ah in jirsado mass galay qaab tamar ah, oo qoto dheer bartay physics kelli. Isaga oo guul la dhakhsaha badan la gudoonsiiyey Nobel Prize, iyo saynisyahan ku dhaqaaqay Mareykanka, halkaas oo uu ka shaqeeyay ilaa uu dhintay.

Nikola Tesla

Tani hindisa ah Empire Austro-Hungarian, laga yaabee jirka dadka ugu caansan dunida oo dhan. qof lala yaabo oo daahfurtay kacaan sameeyey isaga caan ah oo u waxyoonay dhowr qorayaasha iyo soo saarayaasha loo isticmaalo ee uu image in uu shaqada. Waxa uu ku dhashay July 1856, oo ka da'da hore, iyo sidoo kale physics kale oo badan oo si fiican u yaqaan, wuxuuna bilaabay si ay u muujiyaan u janjeera in ay dulmi cilmiga. Muddo sanado ah, wuxuu helay arrin ku talantaalli ah hadda, iftiinka nalalka iyo tamarta kala iibsiga oo aan silig ka dhigeen, ayaa sameeyay gacanta ku fog iyo hab lagu daweeyo shoogga, dhigay saacadaha korontada, engine qoraxda, iyo qalab kale oo badan oo u gaar ah, kaas oo helay saddex boqol ka badan shatiyada. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa la rumeysan yahay in raadiyaha ayaa la Been abuurtay physics yaqaan Popov iyo Marconi, laakiin marka hore ay weli Tesla. koronto Modern ku salaysan yahay oo keliya uu guulaha shakhsiyeed iyo daahfurtay. Mid ka mid ah tijaabooyinka ugu weerarka ah Nikola ahaa kala iibsiga u konton kiilomitir hadda. Waxa uu u suurtagashay in ay iftiimin laba boqol nalalka aan silig ka dhigeen, oo munaarad ka weyn oo ka kaas oo u duulay hillaac iyo onkod la maqlay oo dhan xaafadda dhismaha. inkii cajiib ah oo khatar noqday summad. Waana mid ka, filimka waxaa inta badan soo bandhigay by waayo-aragnimo this gaar ah.

Isaak Nyuton

Qaar badan oo physicists si fiican u yaqaan ayaa kaalin muhiim ah, laakiin Newton ahayd nooc ka mid ah waxay horyaal u ah. sharciyada waxaa sal u ah fikrado badan oo casri ah, iyo waqtiga ay daahfurka ahaa horumarinta dhab kacaan. Dhashay of England caanka ah ee 1643. Tan iyo yaraantiisii wuxuu ahaa xiiso physics iyo sanadihii la soo dhaafay qoray shuqullada sidoo kale xisaabta, xiddigaha iyo optics. Waxa uu marka hore u suurtagashay in ay dejinayaan shuruucda aasaasiga ah ee dabiiciga ah, taas oo uu si weyn u saameeyay shuqullada casriga ah. La yaab ma laha in Isaak Nyuton la dhigay Society Royal ee London, waxaana uu in muddo ah, iyo Madaxweynaha.

Lev Landau

Like physicists kale oo badan oo si fiican u yaqaan, Landau waxaa ugu cad u laftiisa muujiyey gudbikaraa oo afka baarkiisa. saynisyahan Soviet halyeeyga ku dhashay January 1908, in qoyska ah injineer iyo dhakhtar. Waxa uu xaliyay ee dugsiga sare iyo dhigta jaamacadda Baku ku, halkaas oo uu ka bilaabay waxbarashada physics iyo kimisteriga. Waayo, sagaal iyo toban sannadood ayuu mar hore la daabacay afar waraaqaha cilmi. xirfadiisa ciyaareed cajiib ah loo soocay in ay daraasadda of dalalka galmada iyo matrices cufnaanta, iyo electrodynamics. guulaha Landau ayaa la gudonsiiyey abaalmarinta Nobel ee, marka lagu daro, saynisyahan a Soviet helay dhowr Stalin Prize, Hero of Socialist Labour, wuxuu ahaa xubin sharaf of Society Royal ee London iyo tiro ka mid ah Dugsiyada tacliinta sare shisheeye ee Sciences. Wuxuu gacan saar la leeyihiin Heisenberg, Pauli iyo Bohr. Last saamayn Landau si gaar ah xoog - fikradaha uu u muuqday in aragtiyaha ku saabsan guryaha magnetic of electrons free.

Dzheyms Maksvell

Samaynta liiska, taas oo ka mid ah physicists ugu caansan dunida, in aan ku xuso magaca. Dzheyms Klerk Maksvell ahaa saynisyahan British ah kaas oo horumariyey electrodynamics classical. Waxa uu ku dhashay June 1831, oo hore u ay 1860-kii wuxuu noqday xubin ka mid ah Society Royal ah. Maxwell abuuray shaybaarka physics ugu horeysay ee dalka qalabka xirfadeed. Waxaa uu bartay electromagnetism, aragtida ah ogeed of gaasas, optics, barti iyo mowduucyo kale. Markii dambe waxa uu ahaa kii ugu horreeyay u suurtagashay in ay la abuuro qalab ah ee cabbirka tirada midabka, u yeedhay disk Maxwell ah. In uu aragti, wuxuu ururiyey oo dhan xaqiiqooyinka loo yaqaan ee electrodynamics oo soo bandhigay fikradda ah barakaca haatan, taasoo abuuraa beer magnetic. Maxwell muujiyeen dhamaan sharciyada ee afarta isla'egyada. Lafagur u ogolaanaya in ay muujiyaan sharciyada, kuwaas oo ku yiil hore oo aan la garaneyn.

Igor Kurchatov

A jirka nuclear si fiican u yaqaan ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ayaa sidoo kale u qalmaa xuso. Igor Kurchatov koray ee Crimean ah, waxaa dugsiga sare iyo jaamacada ka qalin jabiyay. Tan iyo 1924 wuxuu bilaabay shaqada ku xigeen oo ka mid ah Department of Physics ee Azerbaijan Polytechnic Institute, oo sannad ka dib uu soo kiraystay oo Leningrad. Waayo, waxbarasho guul leh dielectrics uu gudoonsiiyay shahaado waxbarasho ee dhakhtarka. Intii uu isaga hoggaaminayay, durba 1939 waxaa degmnada galay hawlgalka cyclotron ah. Igor Kurchatov keentay shaqada on reactions nuclear oo keentay mashruuca Soviet qaaradda. warshadda nukliyeerka ugu horeeyay ee la furay isaga ka yar. Kurchatov abuuray bambooyin qaaradda iyo hydrogen Soviet ugu horeysay. Waayo, guulaha ay heleen billado gobolka iyo bilado.