Prague ah sumalka uguma Clock: taariikhda iyo decoration sculptural

Prague ah sumalka uguma Clock (Orloj) - dhismaha saacadda Dr Makumbe, rakibay ee Prague on Old Town Square. Waxay ku yaalaan on derbiga xagga koonfureed ku jiray munaaraddii Town Old ka Hall. By da'da saacad ah sumalka uguma saddexaad darajo ee dunida. By habka, iyagu waa qof aad u weyn, laakiin weli aan dhicin.

Oh, siday u wanaagsan tahay Prague ah sumalka uguma Clock! Orloj ka kooban tahay saddex waxyaalood oo gundhig u saaray munaaraddii vertical. Its qayb dhexe ee derejooyinkii sayidkiisii u qalabaysan ah sumalka uguma, taas oo muujinaysa reer Kaldayiin, Old Bohemian, oo casri ah (Central Europe) iyo waqtiga sidereal, waqtiga qorrax dhaca iyo qorrax ka soo baxa, wajiga dayaxa, booska uu ka dhiso xiddigaha dhexdooda xiddigaha, oo ka kooban in wareegga Jidadkooda.

On labada dhinac ee saacad ah sumalka uguma yihiin tirooyinka in guurto saacad kasta. iyaga ka mid ah waxay u taagan tahay kor taallo Dhimashada oo dhan, ka dhigay in foomka of lafaha ah aadanaha. At sare ee, on midigta iyo dhanka bidix ee xarunta dhagaxa farshaxan malaa'igeed oo kale laba daaqadaha wax yar la geeyaa oo saacad walba, marka uu maqlo saacad chiming, sidoo kale u muuqan Sidaana oo ka mid ah 12 rasuullada. Kor aad ka arki kartaa taalada dhagax of diiqii dahabka keruub kan ooyaa marka Rasuulladu ku dhameysan ay israac ah.

Under dial ah sumalka uguma la dhigayaa taariikheed, oo aad go'aan ka gaari kara bisha sannadkii, isbuucaan, maalinta toddobaadka, iyo sidoo kale maalmaha ciidaha Christian is beddelin. Midig iyo Bidix waxaa ka mid ah sidoo kale farshaxan Sidaana kaalinta.

mudnaan

Prague ah sumalka uguma Clock galiyey munaaraddii ka mid ah dhismayaasha Old Town. In 1338 dadka reer Town ee Old gooyo John ee Luxembourg siiyo mudnaanta qabo Hall shakhsi. Ka dib markii in, si loogu isticmaalo magaalooyinka waxaa lagu iibsaday guri gaar ah Volfina baayacmushtariga oo dhagax ah oo ku ag yaal. Marka ugu horeysa, dhismaha la dhiso iyadoo la raacayo baahida Council City, ka dibna ee 1364 waxaa lagu qalabaysan munaarad. waxaa On ahaayeen saacad ah, kaas oo markii ugu horaysay la xusay in 1402. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay dayactirka dayacina lahaa in dhawaan ay bedeli, si loo abuuray Orloj.

Sidaas daraaddeed, waxaan sii wadaan in ay sii baadhi ah sumalka uguma Prague ee Clock. dial waa makii iyo Ilaalada farsamo yihiin meelaha ugu da'da weyn ee saacad kasta, ka dhigay in 1410. walxahaasi abuuray clockmaker a Mikuláš of Kadan astronomer mashruuca iyo xisaab John Schindel. dial The makii uu leeyahay design a sculptural in soo saaray aqoon-isweydaarsiga ee sculptor caanka Czech iyo naqshada Petra Parlerzha. Orloj ugu horeysay lagu sheegay in dukumenti taariikhdiisu tahay October 9, 1410. In waxa Mikuláš of Kadan waxa lagu gartaa sida watchmaker qudbad ah oo la aqoonsan yahay, kuwaas oo abuuray ogashahay la astrolabe si meelaha qadiimiga ah ee Prague.

Waxa xiiso leh, in warqad this, City Council iyo Duqa eedeeyay nin saanac ahu Albert (masuulka hore) ay sabab u dayacaad daryeelka hore saacad iyo Mikolas amaanay shaqada uu u fiican. document ayaa sidoo kale sheegay in abaal marin ugu leh shuqulka xirfadeed si aad u hesho guriga iridda magaalada beesadood Gavelskih, 3000 Prague lacag hal mar iyo kaalmada sanadle ah 600 beesadood.

qalad taariikhi ah

macluumaad kale oo documentary ah oo ku saabsan Orloe muuqday 1490. Waxaa markaas ahaa watchmaker a Yan Ruzhe Prague, loo yaqaan Master Hanus ah, qalab cusboonaysiiyey, ayuu yiri marka hore u dhaqaaqin farshaxan of Death iyo hoose garaac la taariikheed. Kuwani uqaadineed cajiib ah iyo 80 sano oo la dayacay oo ka mid ah abuuray koowaad ee saameynta ay xaqiiqda ah in ay tahay sayidkiisa Hanus sii 450 sano waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay Abuuraha reer saacba. sax Historical waxaa xataa ka muuqda Halyeeyga ah, sida laga soo xigtay oo ah xubin ka tirsan golaha Prague ku amray in ay indha ku takhasusay Hanuš isagii ku soo kacay shuqulkii aan la soo celin karo meel kale. Macluumaadkan waxa si gaar ah ku dhex-garadka si ay qoraa Alois Jirasek mahad, waxa ay sii kordhineysaa in ay "Czech warkii jir ah" (1894).

In Yana Ruzhe, malaha wuxuu lahaa wiil, kuwaas oo sanado badan ah ayaa isaga soo caawiyay. Waxa uu ahaa kii daawaday saacad ah sumalka uguma in 1530. Tani waxaa la barbar watchmaker Jakubom Cech, iyo Abuuraha reer saacadaha Czech la qaadi karo marka hore. At Yacquub wuxuu ahaa arday, iyo Orla tagay oo aan daryeel ku filan.

In 1552 waxaa loo doortay inuu u adeego Prague ah sumalka uguma Clock Yana Taborskogo. Wuxuu waxaa cusboonaysiiyey oo la casriyeeyay sheyga, iyo sidoo kale in uu barashada farsamada dhamaystiran isugu wada. Waa in dukumentigan markii ugu horeysay Yang Taaboor si qaldan oo ku baaqay in abuure Ian ogashahay Rouge. qalad ka dhacay, maxaa yeelay, Fasiraadda khaldan ee entries waqtiga. In 1962, waxaa toosan astronomer ee Czech iyo taariikhyahan Zdenek Gorski, oo cilmiga taariikhda sayniska.

badbaadinta saacba

In qarniyadii soo socda, Prague ah sumalka uguma Clock dhowr jeer joojiyay sabab u la'aanta ilaalinayay xirfadeed iyo laba jeer ayaa waxaa cusboonaysiiyey. In 1629 iyo 1659 siday u kala horreeyaan saacadood waxaa lagu sakhiray si ay u cusboonaysiiyaan, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo ay baytari farsamo ayaa u dhaqaaqay soo dejiyey iyo tan iyo munaaraddii, iyo tirada dhimashada muuqday alwaax "Saaxiibadayda." Inta lagu guda jiro this nidaamka dayactirka dhaqdhaqaaqa gaar ah ku maqan Moon ah, taas oo muujinaysa in ay wajiga ayaa la aasaasay.

labaatan sano oo dhan taagnaa xasiliyaa Prague ah sumalka uguma Clock. Prague ee qarnigii XVIII ma bixinta si ay xaalada ay muhiim dareenka. Marka in 1787 sayidkiisa dhisay hoolka magaalada Orloj xitaa doonayay in ay rido biraha duugga ah. Saacadaha ka shaqaalaha burburinta Clementinum Prague badbaadiyey: Head of Observatory ah Professor Strnad Antonin dhigay kab iyo si wadajir ah ula watchmaker Simon Landspergerom dayactiro in 1791 yara wuuna cusboonaysiiyey. Dhab ahaantii, waxa uu ahaa awoodaan in ay soo daadanayaan qalab saacad, iyo astrolabe ah waxyeello iyo ku hadhay.

Isla muddadaas, waxa lagu daray Sidaana dhaqaaqaan rasuulladii u. Habeeyn ee saacad kasta la sameeyay sannadihii u 1865-1866: dhammaan qaybo ka mid ah hab ay ayaa la saxo, oo ay ku jiraan astrolabe ah, figurine diiqii baa lagu daray. Waxaa la og yahay in haddii artist ah Kenenisa Josef galeen hoose drive taariikheed. Iyo in la xakameeyo saxnaanta khubaro stroke ku adkeeyey chronometer Bozheka Romuald.

dhaawac

Dad badan oo ka mid ah fannaaniinta ku abuuray ah sumalka uguma Prague ee Clock. Czech Republic waxa uu ku faanaa intan yar ee farshaxanka. Waxaa la og yahay in la gaystay burbur xoog leh dhamaadka War World labaad ee saacad kasta. In Prague, 1945, May 5, fallaago anti-Nazi qarxay. In magaalada dagaalka meel walba ahayd, waxay ahaayeen xidhay dhisay. Gaar ahaan dagaallo joogto ah ka dhacay xarunta, meel u dhow dhismaha Radio Czech Republic, mucaaradka qabsadeen. Jamhada iyadoo la kaashanayo laliska saaray munaaraddii Town Old ka Hall ah, baahin rafcaan in dadka Czech.

In Prague, waxa qayb ka mid ah "xarunta" Ciidanka Group Jarmal ahaa. Waxay isku dayeen in ay hoos u dhigay caasinimo iyo in ay kala go'do baahinta. ciidanka Jarmal in ay toogtaan dhismaha Old Town Hall ee flak projectiles qarxa, taasoo keenta May 8, 1945, waxaa u gubta. Markaas saacad ah sumalka uguma waxaa si xun u dhaawacay by dab drive ah sumalka uguma hoos ku burburtay iyo dial kalandarka iyo Sidaana alwaax rasuulladii ayaa la gubay.

kabashada

Waxaa la og yahay in ay 1 July, 1948 ogashahay ah ayaa dib in walaalihiis buuxa Jindřich iyo Rudolf Vesetskie cusboonaysiiyey qaybo ka jabay iyo qalooca dhaqdhaqaaqa oo ku sara kiciyey, oo ku takhasusay in alwaax cusub xardhay Sidaana rasuullada. dayactirka Last yar ee saacad kasta la sameeyey sanadkii 2005. Maanta, waxa uu abuuray ah 3/4 ka kooban yahay qaybo ka mid jirka ah.

dial ah sumalka uguma

Maxaad dad badan oo doonaya in ay arkaan saacad Prague ah? calaamado ah sumalka uguma ka muujinayaa on masterpiece this, yaab qof walba. dial ee saacad kasta waa astrolabe ah, qalabaysan drive a nidaamka saacba. Orloj ciyaara Ptolomeevskoe dhismeedka geocentric ah ee dunida; ee xarunta yahay dhulka ku wareegsan oo iilan dayaxa iyo qorraxda.

Sida laga soo xigtay disk ah sumalka uguma midabka asalka weli a dhulka iyo cirka muujinayay, waxyaalaha soo socda guurto: giraanta dibadda iyo Burji ah, calaamado la characters iyo Moon oo Sun laba bilow gacanta dahab ah oo calaamad ah marka uu dhamaado. Si ka duwan soo jeedo oo caadiga ah, halkaan bilow lahayn.

jadwalka dial

Waa maxay more caanka ah Prague ah sumalka uguma Clock? saacad Calendar of saacad ayaa marka hore loogu tala galay Yanom Ruzhe (sayidkiisa Hanuš) ee 1490. Waxaa la og yahay in ogashahay markii hore ka koobnayd oo keliya dial ah sumalka uguma. The disc taariikheed marka hore, nasiib daro, ma aysan ka badbaaday. Its version hadda waxaa la abuuray by archivist ee K. J. Erben ka Prague inta lagu guda jiro dib u soo celinta ee 1865-1866 sano, oo ku salaysan nuqul ka badbaaday in 1659, kaas oo ku salaysan xaradhka qadiimiga ah. In sano ee 1865-1866 disk taariikheed rinji rinjiile Kenenisa Yozef. Taasi waa sababta ay inta badan waa in loo gudbiyaa sida Kenenisa garaac.

decoration The sculptural ee dawanno

Waan ognahay sida ay u soo wac Prague ah sumalka uguma Clock. Orloj - magacooda labaad. Farshaxan, waxa qurxinta, la abuuray dhowr qarniyo. Taasi waa sababta aysan haysan fikrad hal abuur leh. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in sawirro dhagaxa qurxinta dial ah sumalka uguma, iyo farshaxan ah malaa'igeed oo kale in qaybta sare ee saacad, workshop-macmalay Petra Parlerzha. muuqaal kale oo ka dib u muuqatay.

Muddo markii la joogaba saacadood farshaxan dib, mararka qaar, waxaan ka dhigay mar kale in tirtirayaa dareenkooda hoose. Sidaas darteed, maanta waxaa aad u adag si ay u sharxaan muhiimadda ay design ah naqshadda ee ogashahay ah.

awoodaha ka sarraysa

Dadka qaba arinkii ah Dr Makumbe ayaa aaminsan in qaab-dhismeedka kasta noqon kartaa saamayn dhaawici ciidamada ka sarraysa. Sidaas gurigiisa ilaalinta qaybo kala duwan oo ay qurxiyey. Tan iyo markii ay saacad ah sumalka uguma yaal Aamino dhisme cilmaani ah (ma aysan ilaalin macbudka), baahida loo qabo qardhaasaha kordhay. Sidaas darteed, qaybta sare ee Prague ciyey ilaalada masterpiece iyo malaa'igtii basilisk ah.

On saqafka ah sloping dhul socod-awaalka - laba basilisk, taas oo ay awoodaan si loogu badalo oo dhan xayawaan inay ku dhagxiyaan jaleecada hal. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waxay leedahay laba baal, af dhuuban ee shimbir ah, iyo jidhka arrow-dabada abeesada. Waxaa la og yahay in basilisk uu caan ka mahad horyaalka boqorka abeesada. Sharraxnaan jirtay diiqii - calaamad hore ee feejignaanta iyo geesinimada in Qorraxda iyo maalin cusub salaama la dhigayaa ka yar saqafka sare ee ogashahay ah. Aaminsan yahay ku andacoodaan in la qaylada koowaad ee shimbir this baaba'aa awood shar ah, Xukunka habeenkii.

taalada Dhexe ee sare ee saacaddii waa taalada malaa'igeed oo kale , iyagoo baalashooda. Rasuul Ilaah xajiyo xirmado buunbuuniyey oo fariin ah in maanta ay tahay wax aan macquul aheyn in la akhriyo. Angel waa taalada ugu da'da weyn ee failed iyo dagaal joogto ah ku qaadaan ciidamada mugdiga ah. Waxay ku tiirsan qarka, kaas oo la dhigayaa band dhagax weyn si buuxda qarsoon. Qaar waxay yidhaahdaan in ay tahay a pastiche masaska, dadka kale - Duubo qoraalka oo aan la garaneyn. Labada dhinac ee tiradaasi malaa'igeed oo kale laba daaqadaha waxaa la geeyaa, oo ka muuqda saacad kasta Sidaana oo ka mid ah 12 rasuullada.

Waxaan rajaynayaa in aad ku riyaaqay our article on makii Prague ee Clock, iyo inaad aad u jecel yihiin in ay ka markhaati masterpiece this.