Qoraaga Yukreeniyaan Ivan Franko: Biography, hal-abuurka

Ivan Franko - Abwaan Yukreeniyaan caan ah iyo qoraa. Waxa uu si fiican ma aha oo kaliya in suugaanta, laakiin sidoo kale in hawlaha bulshada iyo sayniska. Mid ka mid ah dadka ugu weyn ee Ukraine waa Ivan Franko. Uu Biography, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay noqon doontaa oo aan ka xiiso kaliya Ukraine.

asal Franco

Years nolosha of our geesi - 1856-1916. Ivan Yakovlevich Franko waxa uu ku dhashay tuulada Naguevichi. Haddaba waxaa gobolka Lviv ee (degmada Drohobych). Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa tumaal tuulada. Ivan Ros agoon ah. Aabbihiis, Yakov Franko, dhintay 1865. Waqtigaas wuxuu ahaa sano oo kaliya 9 jir ah. Later, ee 1872, uu u dhintay, oo hooyadiis, Maria Kulchitskaya. In kasta oo ay xaaladda dhaqaale ee adag, Ivan bartay.

muddada tababarka

Laga soo bilaabo 1862 in 1864 uu galay dugsiga, kaas oo ahaa in tuulo deriska la ah; ee 1864-67 - dugsiga hoose ee Drohobych; iyo in muddo ka 1867 si ay u 1875 Ivan dugsi ka dhigatay Drohobych. Later, markii uu hore u ahaa qoraa caan ah, uu si carro leh ku tilmaamay amarka in adkaaday in gymnasium ah. In sheekooyinka sida "qalin", "cashar ee aana," "Grits dugsiga", "humorist Aabbaha" Ivan Franko leh daacadnimo yaab taswiiran macalimiinta nacabkaa in tumayaa galay madaxdii carruurta xigmadda-dugsiga sare doqon.

Si kooban u sharax ka mid ah sheekooyinka. In uu shaqo "The aabbe-humorist" waxaan ka hadleynaa qof oo waxaa loo arkaa humorist ah, majaajiliiste. Laakiin dhab ahaantii, nin dhuuban la faras wajiga carruurta teases, haddii ay sameeyaan khalad, Jees jeeska, ciqaabta la uleeyo, dhigeysa kids on the "keydka dameerka ee." macalimiinta kale, Writer Image, jirin wanaagsan.

Photos kor ku xusan lagu bixiyo, waxay khusaysaa 1870. photo gymnasium Tani, taas oo lagu sawiray fasalka Ivan (uu - oo isku xigta labaad, marka hore ka bidix).

Franco kama uu noqon qof aad u fiican, haddii wakhtiga akhriska buugaagta ay buuxsameen aqoonta dugsiga. Reading ahaa dheeldheel jecel. Ivan waxaa soo saara buug ka, halkaas oo uu kari lahaa, maktabadaha, unugiisii, iyo mararka qaarkood, aruursaday xoogaa lacag ah, iibsan koob ee raqiis ah. Waa in la sheegay in Ivan tacliin fiican. In 1875 wuxuu la siiyey deeq waxbarasho ka qasnadda Glowinski. Isla sanadkaas, dayrta, ayuu ku qoran ee Jaamacadda Lviv, in waaxda philological. Deeqdan la siiyey Ivanu Franko muddo dhan waxbarasho ee jaamacadda. Waxa ay u muuqatay in Ivan sugaya mustaqbalka ah deji oo ammaan ah. Waxa uu noqon karaa ah borofisar ka tirsan jaamacadda ama dugsiga sare macalimiinta. Waxay rajaynayeen in uu saaxiibada iyo qaraabada.

Xadhiga ugu horeysay

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in ka sano ee hore ee waxbarasho ee jaamacadda Ivan Franko uu cadeeyay sida tirada dadweynaha, weliba, hantiwadaag, jihada horusocod ah. Waxa uu bilaabay saaxiibtinimo la Mihailom Pavlikom iyo Ostap Terletskii. Iyada oo hore oo kale, ayuu kor u dhuftay waraaqo la Drahomanov, kuwaas oo ahaa wakhtigaas ee Geneva. Drahomanov ahaa hantiwadaagga kacaanyahan ah, khatar indhaha oo ka mid ah booliska Ukraine ee. Maaddaama ay waraaqo isaga, our geesi waxaa la xiray bishii June 1877.

Wada jir ah ula shaqayn Ivana Franko eedeeyay in abuurka ah ee bulshada qarsoodi ah hantiwadaag. January soo socda, maxkamadda lagu helay dambi ah Ivan. Wuxuu waxaa lagu xukumay lix toddobaad oo xabsi ah. Tan iyo waqtigii ka soo gunaanaday baadhitaan aan la tirin sida Cadaab, Ivan la sii daayay lix oo kaliya ka dib markii toddobaad, March 5, 1878.

cawaaqibka xiray

Ciqaabta uu ahaa mid yar, laakiin natiijadu waxay ahaayeen kuwa laga cabsado. Xaqiiqada ah in qofku qabo diiwaan dambi, sida sharcigu ma noqon karaa macalinka a. Sababta oo ah gool tani waa tababar dheeraad ah Ivana Franko noqday cadda. Our geesi sidoo kale la doortay deeq waxbarasho. Intaa waxaa dheer, Franco si xun u qabow inta lagu guda jiro xabsiga. Cudurku wuxuu markii dambe u noqday chronic. Waxay eryadeen nolosha Ivana. Laakiin sidaas maaha oo dhan cawaaqibka xabsi. aroosadda Aabbaha Franco Olga Roshkevych, wuxuu ahaa wadaad oo diiday inuu saaxibo. xitaa wuxuu ka reebnay Olga arkaya ah "denbi" iyo dhigmaan isaga la. Guurkooda, nasiib darro, ma ay qaadan meel.

xeer cusub

Cadaadiska iyo booliska of our geesi ma waxaa loo soo afjaro. Waxa uu mar kale la xiray Coloma bishii March 1880. Franco mar kale lagu eedeeyay in ay u cadhoodaan hantiwadaagga. Saddex bilood ah ayuu ku qaatay xabsiga illaa iyo baaritaanka socday. Sida ay natiijada, waxaa loo aqoonsaday in qabashada Franco marin uma laha. On June 13 sano in, our geesi ayaa loo diray ay gelbinayaan ka Coloma in Naguevichi. Xusuus la xidhiidha gabagabo this, Ivan helay dareenkaa u muuqda in uu shaqada. Waxay sameeyay aasaas u ah sheekada Franco, "guntiisa hoose".

Booliska ma uusan siin Ivan Franko oo keliya. mar saddexaad ay ka fikiray, waxa ka mid ah oo xidhiidh la leh ay ka imanayaan in kooxda Lviv ee Ukraine, kuwaas oo ka soo Kiev yimid. Ivan waxaa la xiray bishii Lviv ee August 1889. Markan uu ku eedeeyay of hantiwadaagga ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale u basaasayeen Russia. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waqtigan lagu eedeeyay waxay ahaayeen raad toona lahayn. waayo-aragnimo ayaa xabsiga wakhtigan ka muuqda ee "Sonnets Xabsiga" - wareegga gabay, abuuray by Franco.

nolosha Personal

In 1886, Ivan guursaday. Xaaskiisa ahayd gabar dhashay Kiev, Olga Horuzhinskaya. qoyska Franco wuxuu lahaa afar caruur ah, laakiin qoyska ladnaanta tan iyo 1902 ayaa si ay u burburiyaan. Haweenaydii Ivan bilaabay jirro maskaxeed, waxaa maqalka waqti. Tani saaray geesiga in badan oo murug.

Ivan Franco ee 1902 ayuu u dhaqaaqay reerkiisa oo uu ku galay (uu hore kiro guri). cinwaanka hadda ee guriga, halkaas oo uu ku noolaa Franco - Str. Franko, 152. Waxay ka shaqaysaa matxafka xusuus qoraaga. Waayo, guryaha, Ivan qaatay amaah ah oo waaweyn. Lacagta waxaa ku ahaa dhameystiray dhimasho by wiilkiisa Ivan ka dib.

cudurka Ivan Franko ee

Franco ee April 1908 tegey si loogu daweeyo iyo inta kale ee Lipik, oo ku yaalla Croatia oo casri ah, oo u dhow Zagreb. Waxaa uu ahaa si weyn uga sii dartay uu jirro - inuu labadiisa gacmoodba oo curyaan ahaa. Intaa waxaa dheer, steel muujiyo calaamadaha cudurka maskaxda. In sano ka dib, kuwaas oo daliilka cudurka xoogaa u jilcincy. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Franco mar dambe ma ahaa si buuxda taam. Saffarro rumeysan yahay in uu jirro waa natiijo ah oo syphilis wareejiyo hal mar. Waxaa siiyey dhibaato badan Ivanu Franko. Currently, si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhakhaatiirta u muuqdaan in ay aaminsan yihiin in tan iyo 1877, iyadoo la soo gabagabeeyo waqtiga, our geesi ahaa nooc ka mid ah laabotooyinka buka. Waxaa ku saabsan yahay Reiter ee syndrome. Fikradaha waxa ka mid ah ayaa la diyaariyey oo sannado badan dhimashada Ivan ka dib markii ka dib.

dhimashada Franco ee

cudurka daallan, dhibaatooyinka bulshada iyo qoyska, lacag la'aan, our geesi ku dhintay Lviv, isaga oo jooga gurigiisa, May 28, 1916. qabrigii Ivan Franko waxaa ku taal Xabaalaha Lychakiv ah.

Ivan Franco sida Abwaan

Waxaan bixinaa haatan bartaan shuqullada suugaanta ee Ivan. First sida gabayaa sameeyey 1874tii, Ivan Franko. Uu Biography calaamadeeyay by abuurka gabayo ilaa maalmaha ugu dambeeya ee uu noloshiisa, ilaa 1916. shuqulladiisa ka mid ah kuwo badan oo ka mid ah gabayo qurux badan oo ku saabsan arrimaha guud ee dadweynaha, iyo waayo-aragnimada qof ahaaneed. Waxay ayaa laga soo ururiyey in dhowr buugaagta.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tayada gabay ah geesi naga xoog badnaan lagu muujiyey in gabay dheer ah, ma lyrics ah. Ivan ayaa abuuray sawirka dhabta ee nolosha Galician ee maalintii uu dhashay. Halkan waa in la ogaadaa shuqullada sida "dadka Aimoré" (1884), "Sida qof" (gabay 1889), iyo sidoo kale gabay abuuray ee 1890. "In Love". Ivan Franko sidoo kale qabsaday images ee la soo dhaafay taariikhiga ah ee dadka Ukraine. Ka mid ah, shuqullada ku saabsan arrintan waa in la ogaadaa "kaftanka Bar" (1887), maansadu "Ivan Vyshenskii", abuuray sanadkii 1895, sidoo kale shaqo kale - "In Saint George Hill" (1900). Ivan Franko sooco oo qaar ka mid ah curiyay ay iskala ku saabsan Ilaah iyo diintiisa. Waa in la ogaadaa gabayga 1885 Ex nihilo, iyo sidoo kale "Dhimashadii Qaabiil", abuuray 1889.

ka mid ah gabayo ku qoran by Ivan caan iska leh processing maadooyin kala duwan oo dunida suugaanta. Kuwanu waa shuqullada 1890 sida "Lis Mikita," "The Tacaburka ee Don Quixote", "Oo boqorkii iyo qofku ah," "kabaha Abu Kasimov", oo la aasaasay sanadkii 1900 gabay "Smith Bass".

Waa maxay nooca shaqada waa isku keenaha gabayada aan xiiso u qoraaga? Cilmi-waxay aaminsan yihiin in this abuurtaa gabay "Muuse" ee 1905. In shaqo this, oo ku salaysan - sheekada kitaabiga ah, in wakiil ay ka soo sara ah ee dadka Ukraine, kuwaas oo bilaabay in ay u dagaalamaan ay xornimada.

Franko - Qoraaga

Ivan Franco ahaa oo keliya ma aha gabayaa, laakiin sidoo kale ayaadse ah. Hawlahaas uu sameeyaa sida xaqiiqda ah, kaas oo diiradda saarayaa dhibaatooyinka nolosha Galician ee maalintii uu dhashay. Waxa uu ahaa qorayaasha ugu horeysay Yukreeniyaan Franco ee ka muujinayaa nolosha shaqaalaha Borislav, kuwaas oo ka shaqeeyay beeraha saliidda, iyo sidoo kale ganacsatada Yuhuudda, oo ahaa ku Doodeen fasalka ay. In 1877, waxaa jiray wax soo saarka ee "diinta ka dembilayaasha," in 1884 - Boa constrictor, in 1887 - "Yats Zelepuga" ee 1899 - "Oilman". Abuuray 1882, novel ah "Borislav qoslo," waxaa loo arkaa shaqada ugu fiican ee wareegga this.

Abuurista heegan u ah nolosha intelligentsia ah, ayaa sidoo kale ku jirta booska weyn tiraab Franco ah. In 1880, Ivan qoray "guntiisa hoose", 1897 - "Waayo, guri", in 1900 - "Waddooyinkiisa iskutallaabta". dhex shuqullada taxanahan caan ah waxaa iska leh kuwa u huray in xiriirka Yukreeniyaan-Polish. iyaga ka mid ah, waa in la ogaadaa "Lel oo Polel" (1887), iyo sidoo kale "Tiirarka Society" (1894). Labada shaqeeyaa nasiib tagay diiqid.

Waxay jeelyihiin in cajiib ah sida Qisada Ivana Franko "dawaco Farbovany" ( "farbovany" macnihiisu yahay "rinji"). In ay sharaxaad of animator ku cartoon Soviet by Alexander Ivanov si toos ah waxaa la aasaasay sanadkii 1953. "Dawaco la caseeyey" waa mid ka mid ah shuqulladii ugu caansan ee Ivanov.

Ukraine badan oo loo yaqaan film loo yaqaan "Zahar Berkut". Waxaa sheekada ee halganka dadka xorriyadda-jecel dulmi bulshada iyo duulay. Waa in film ku saabsan tuulo Carpathian. goob u soo baxeen inay ka shaqeeyaan, "Zahar Berkut" Ivan Franko.

Ivan Yakovlevich isu muujiyey in riwaayadaha ah. Uu play "xaday Happiness" waxay ahayd cusub oo loogu talagalay in ay waqti. Markaasaa maanta waxa ay u muuqataa arrin casriga ah. In play ah "Happiness xaday" taswiiran nolosha qoyska, kaas oo u muuqdo mid faraxsan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qoyska jabo hore ee daawadayaal ah. goobta magaalo gobolka Yukreeniyaan loo doortay. xagal jacayl Classic been ee xarunta of goob shaqo this. The nolosha saddex qof isku duuduubaan - Anna, ninkeeda iyo iyada lover Michael Mykola. Masayrka, khiyaanay, jacayl, dhimasho dhabta ah iyo khayaali ah, toobadda iyo dilidda mucjisada ah "sarakicidda" - play si ololiyo damacyo ku liito innaba u ruwaayado ee Shakespeare.

hawlaha turjumaad

naftiisa oo dhan, Franco shaqeeyeen turjumaadaha shuqullo kala duwan ee suugaanta adduunka. guulaha uu duurka tani waa mid aad u sarreeya. Translation of tirsan in ay, waxaad samayn kartaa maktabad oo dhan.

kala duwan oo aad u balaadhan oo ah waxyaabaha in ay soo jiidatay Franco. tarjumadood ee ka mid ah abuurka ah ee qadiimiga ah ee Giriiga, qadiimiga ah Carabi, suugaanta Indian qadiimiga ah; gabayada Kaldayiin qadiimiga ah. Sida suugaanta cusub, waxa laga yaabaa in la ogaadaa "Faust" by Goethe. Ivan Franko u turjumay ee 1882. Waxa uu xiiseynayay in shaqooyin kale oo Jarmal iyo Faransiis, Polish, Ingiriisiga iyo Talyaaniga.

Ka mid ah tarjumaadaha Franco - buugaagta oo dhan qoraaladii K. Havlicek-Borovsky iyo A. S. Pushkina. Of gaar ah shuqullada wareegga kala iibsiga note abuuray taariikhyahanadu qadiimiga Rome. Ivan Franko shaqeeyay korkooda wuxuuna uga yimid August 1915 ilaa Maarso 1916, ie sannadkii la soo dhaafay ee nolosha.

Waa in la ogaadaa in uu turjumay Jarmal heeso Yukreeniyaan, iyo sidoo kale caawinta M. S. Grushevskomu abuuro version a Jarmal ah "History of Ukraine-rus". artis keligay ma loo habeeyey Ivan Franko. Uu Biography sida calaamad oo xiiso in qoraallada cilmiyeed oo caan ah oo ku saabsan maadooyinka kala duwan taas oo uu ku tilmaamayaa in ay 1870-80-mada. Ivan loo arkaa iyaga oo faa'iido leh in waxbarista dadka Ukraine.

Ku-simaha sida folklorist a

Laga soo bilaabo bilowga ugu horreeya ee uu xirfadiisa farshaxanimo Franco uu xiiseynayo hiddaha. Qisada cirfiid ugu horeysay ee ay duubo waxaa la daabacay 1876. "Maahmaahyo Galician-Ruush" iyo "Studio of songs dad Yukreeniyaan" noqday guulaha ugu muhiimsan ee Franco duurka this. Ivan ayaa daabacay xogta kaladuwan iyo hiddaha badan iyo cilmi-baarista. Intaa waxaa dheer, ayuu diiwaan taxane ah oo heeso.

Faransiis sida taariikhyahan ah suugaanta

In siyaabo dhowr ah shaqada Ivana Franko ku daray on taariikhda suugaanta. The ugu horeysay oo ka mid ah - maadooyinka taariikhda. guusha ugu weyn jihada this - Franco sha phD, ayaa difaacay sanadkii 1895. The jihada labaad - ururinta, waxbarasho iyo baahinta shuqullo kala duwan ee suugaanta Yukreeniyaan. Halkan waa in la ogaadaa collection of Franco "Kitaabka iyo Warkii ka soo qoraallada Yukreeniyaan." Ivan helay oo la daabacay abuurka Ivana Vyshenskogo, ku saabsan oo uu ku qoray qaar ka mid ah waxbarashada. Waxa uu sidoo kale daabacay shuqullada Taras Shevchenko, Fedkovych A. Świdnicka iyo qorayaasha kale ee Ukraine. Meelaha kale oo uu ka shaqeeyay Franco - qoraal shuqullada dardaro on taariikhda suugaanta Yukreeniyaan.

Cayaaraha bannaanka

waxgaradka Galician Young ee 1890 abuuray Ruush-Yukreeniyaan asal-raaca ah xisbiga, hogaaminayo Ivan Franko ilaa 1898. Xisbiga Tani waxay u hoggaansamaan jihada hantiwadaagga. Waxay u hawaystay in uu noqdo wakiil oo ka mid ah wareegyada kala duwan ee shaqaalaha.

Ivan Franco sanadkii 1895, wuxuu noqday musharax ee baarlamaanka Viennese (Party xagjiriinta ah) ee doorashada Mostiska - Dobromyl - Przemysl. In 1898 wuxuu ahaa musharax ee doorashada kale - Skalat - Zbarazh - Ternopil. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, labada jeerna Ivan Franco weli aan la soo doortay.

Franco ee 1899 ka Party asal-raaca ah u yimaadeen, ayuu ka abuuray oo galay xisbiga qaran-dimuqraadi Ukraine. Sidaas darteed, xag lunsan hogaamiyaha saameynta badan oo xisbiga National ma helo xoog weyn. Franco in qaybtii cusub ee hawlaha gaarka ah ee aan la kala duwanaayeen. Muddo ka dib ayuu joojiyey halganka siyaasadeed oo si buuxda diiradda hawlaha sayniska iyo suugaanta.

danbaysay

Ivan Franko, kuwaas oo Biography waxaa looga hadlay maqaalka, wuxuu ahaa qoraa iyo Abwaan ee uu xirfadda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isagu ma uu wada qaadi karin si ay u daawadaan xaaladda siyaasadeed ee dalkooda. Sidaas daraaddeed wuu uma ay oggolaan inuu yahay kaliya qoraa. Ivan Franko si xoog leh oo ay raalli ka aqbalay ganacsi kasta, taas oo ay, in uu ra'yi, noqon waxtar u leh dadka Ukraine. Sidaa darteed, qorshayaal badan oo suugaanta iyo ma oga yaabaa Franco, gabayo iyo tiraab taas oo si kastaba ha ahaatee waa aqoonsi si fiican u qalantay. In qaar ka mid ah shuqulladii lyrical, our geesi qadhaadh ka cawday in uu ma u awoodin in ay ogaadaan dhammaan fikradaha ay suugaanta ku.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si sax ah sababtoo ah hawl caalaminimada Franco, waxaan dhihi karaa in ay tahay mid ka mid ah kuwii ku dhisayna ummadda Yukreeniyaan casriga ah. Tani waxaa xaqiijiyay by xaqiiqada ah in John Y. ka muujinayaa on the heshaan keensatay 20 hryvnia. Dabcan, xaqiiqda waxa ay tusinaysaa in uu tiradaasi waa mid aad muhiim u ah dadka reer Ukraine. Tan iyo 1992, ekaanta Ivana Franko waxaa ku taal qiimaha par keensatay 20 hryvnia. Its design dhowr jeer ayaa bedelay, laakiin tiradaasi oo ah Franco had iyo jeer ku hadhay meel.