Sforza quful (Milan)

In magaalada Talyaaniga ee Milan waa Sforza Castle ka, kuwaas oo riwaayado dheer taariikhda ku xiran tahay taxne kore iyo hoose, burbur iyo dib u dhiska. Thanks to dadaalka restorers Talyaani iyo injineero maanta cidna doonaya in ay fursad u leeyihiin inay u bogi munaaradaha jir ah iyo derbiyada, socod iyada oo qalcaddii.

Sida ay u dhan bilaabay

Like kale oo badan taxadiri, Castello Sforzesco, sida waxa loo yaqaan Castle Talyaaniga, taagan weli dhismayaasha halkii qadiimiga ah. The ugu horeysay qalcado la dhisay halkan qarnigii XIV qoyska Visconti ah, kuwaas oo maamula muddo dheer in ay qaataan awoodda in Milan gacmaha iyaga u gaar ah galay, oo mar dambe ku hoosaysiiyo inta badan magaalooyinka ku xeeran.

Of Gian Galeatstso waxaan Viskonti ahaa awoodaan in ay ma aha oo kaliya ballaariyo saameynta ay magaalooyinka reer dhexe ee Italy, Siena iyo Pisa, laakiin sidoo kale in ay soo iibsadaan oo ay dhaxla dukedom waayo. farcankiisa waxay awoodi waayeen in ay ku xidhmaan Duchy ee Milan dalalkan oo cusub. Sidaas darteed dagaallo badan oo la barakiciyay in XV qarnigii hore Milan ee, magaalada-gobolka, ayaa laga badiyay badan oo ka mid ah dhulalka ay qabsadeen.

uu dhintay ee 1447 ee la soo dhaafay ee qoyska Visconti ka dib - Duke Filippo Maria - deggan oo caasi ah oo magaalada ku naadiyey Jamhuuriyadda Ambrosian oo qalcaddii kala dhantaashay nebcaaday taliyayaal.

marxaladaha kala duwan ee dhismaha

Laakiin halkan ganacsi dheeraad ah ee Jamhuuriyadda this ahaayeen quruxsan xun, iyo iyada oo sababtu tahay howlgallada military Venetians Milan laga badiyay qayb weyn oo ka mid ah dhulkeeda. Dadka ku nool magaalada ayaa bilaabay in la raadiyo hoggaamiye xoog leh oo lagu casuumay calooshiis military Francesco Sforza, marka hore waxay u adeegeen at Visconti iyo guursadeen qoyska this. In 1450, duqowdii Milan isaga siiyey dukedom ah. Isla sanadkaas, Francesco Sforza bilaabay inuu wax dhiso qalcaddii ah ee Milan, taas oo loo miiro iyo raaxo joogitaanka ducal, laakiin sidoo kale sida qaab awood daafaca. Si loo fuliyo qorshahan aan la marti qaaday by injineero caan ah sida waqtiga sida Antonio Filarete, Bartolomeo Gadio, Marcoleone da Nogarolo, Jacopo da Cortona iyo kuwo kale oo badan. Under jihada ka mid ah ugu horeysay munaarad dhexe waxaa la dhisay, laakiin dhismaha darbiyada daafaca weyn iyo afar munaaradaha geeska daafaca posted Bartolomeo Gadio.

In 1446 Francesco Sforza dhintay, oo ay maamulaan Milan wiilkiisii curadka noqday - Galeazzo Maria (Galeazzo Maria Sforza). Marka Sforza Castle sii si ay u horumariyaan iyo si ay u fuliyaan shaqada dhismaha, Duke cusub ee Milan qoray injineero iyo saanacyadii ka Florence. Ka dib dilkii Galeazzo ee 1467 naagtiisa, Bona of Savoy, isku dayaya in uu naftiisa u difaaco, dhistaa munaarad sare ee Bona waqtiga - Torre di Bona in Rochetta - qaybta ugu ilaaliyo qalcadda.

Xilligii ah Wars Talyaani

Yaa awood u yimid in 1494, Ludovico Maria Sforza sii dib u dhiska Castle Sforza ee Milan, iyo waxa ay ugu yeedhi ee sayid fiican Talyaani - Bramante, oo noqday qoraaga xubno badan oo naqshadda iyo madaxtooyada, iyo Leonardo da Vinci shaqeeyeen qalcad ah iyo in la abuuro xiriir ah oo frescoes.

In 1500, inta lagu guda jiro mid ka mid ah Wars Talyaani u dhexeeya Empire iyo France, ciidamada King Louis XII galay Milan oo qabsaday Lodoviko Sfortsa. Waxa loo qaaday France, halkaasi oo uu ku dhintay.

dhaawac weyn u Castle Sforza ahaa ee 1521, markii munaaraddii dhexe Filarete isticmaalo waqtiga sida saldhig rasaas ah, ayaa waxaa lagu dhuftay hillaac.

waqti Isbaanish

Spain, kuwaas oo lagu qabtay Milan dhexe ee qarnigii XVI ka, si weyn u casriyeeyay qalcaddii. Waxay derbiyo ku wareegsan qalcad casriga cusub jir dhisay qaab xiddig lix geesle ah la meel ka mid ah qiyaastii 26 hektar. taliyaha City Palace u dhaqaaqay Royal ah oo ku yaal ciidankii qalcaddii. Ka dib guuldaradii burburiyo oo ka mid ah ciidamada of King Francis waxaan at Pavia, si ay taageero u ahaa Emperor iyo Carlos Spanish Boqorka V mahad, qoyska Sforza in ay xoog ku soo laabtay. Duke Milan noqdo Francesco II.

saldanad Austria

dhimashada ee 1534 ee Francesco Maria Sforza II ka dib markii, Austria Empire ah ee Habsburgs ku LABAGEEDI ku Duchy ee Milan wareejiyaa maamulka taliyaha. Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Sforza Austrians ku Castle ayaa waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida hubka iyo xeryaha milatariga. Qayb ka mid ah goobaha ku dhulkeeda soo celiyo ama dhisay. The ugu dareemi muddo Habsburgs ka dib waa taalada ee Yana Nepomutskogo, rakibay on bridgehead ah.

jeer Napoleonic

Ka dib markii Napoleon Bonaparte duulay ee 1796 ee Italy, Austria, gabagabeeyay heshiis nabadeed ee-Campo Formio, Waxaan u lahaa in la siiyo ilaa Lombardy. Bonaparte doortay magaalada Milan ee joogitaanka shan sannadood, ka 1796 si ay u 1801-th. Inkastoo baryootankii dadka muwaadiniinta dalbaday in si buuxda dumisaan qalcaddii, Napoleon ku amartay in lagu qaban doono shaqada dib u soo celinta. Si aad u soo gaartay oo ka mid ah ciidamada Faransiiska ee 1814, Milan waa caasimadda ah ee dalalka kala duwan abuuray by Napoleon ee Italy.

Sida ay natiijada shir digsiga-Yurub ee Vienna, magaalada waxaa lagu dhaqaaqay ka mid waxyaalo Austria oo noqday xarunta of Kingdom cusub ee Lombardy-Venetia. In 1848, inta lagu guda jiro shanta maalmood ee Milan, markii mucaaradka u diriray xorriyadda ka qabsaday dalka Austria, Sforza Castle Cannon ku garaacday Milan. kacdoonkii ayaa la baabi'iyay, iyo dhammaan xubnaha la xiray iyo xiray unugyada xabsiga.

In 1859, Austrians ka Lombardy baxeen, iyo dadka deegaanka waxaa lagu qabtay oo laga ceyriyay qalcaddii, ka dib markii taas waxaa la tagay.

taariikhda casriga ah

Dad badan oo degaan ah ee Milan qarnigii XIX goor dambe dalbaday in la burburiyo qalcaddii ee Italy, waxa masixi ka wejiga dhulka, iyo in la dhiso in ay wax meel kale oo muhiim ah, sida meel aqoonyahanada dalka deggan yahay. Nasiib wanaag, qalcadda go'aansaday in aan ku dhufan, laakiin, on lid ku ah, si loo soo celiyo. By dib u soo celinta qalcaddii bilaabay in 1893 naqshadeeyaha ugu Luca Beltrami, kuwaas oo doonayay in cilinta muuqaalka taariikhiga ah ee dhismayaasha jeer xukunka Sforza. In 1905, ilaa munaaraddii kor u celiyey Filarete ahaa mid u furan, iyo dhinaca kale oo qalcaddii la aasaasay Sempione Park.

Inta lagu guda jiro qaraxii ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida saameeyey taxadiri badan, oo ay ku jiraan Castello Sforzesco, gaar ahaan Rochetta. By dhamaadka 50-mada ay qarnigii la soo dhaafay, qalcaddii bogsatay oo furay dadweynaha.

Isbedelka la soo dhaafay in muuqaalka kore ee qalcadda ahaa il weyn ee aagga hoose, oo loo yaqaan Milan "cake arooska" oo la dhisay si uu u bedelo hore, duminayo inta lagu guda jiro dhismaha hoostiisa mara ee 60-mada ay qarnigii XX.

naqshadaha

Modern Sforza Castle - waa qaab-dhismeedka square-qaabeeya ee xarunta of taas oo delle aagga Armi ah. Waxaa la hareereeyey by derbiyada weyn oo iridda ugu weyn ee ka dhisay qaab munaaraddii square multi-dabaq - Filaret, taas oo u adeegi jireen sida noocooda ah waqtiga Tower Spasskaya ee Kremlin Moscow ee. Midig iyo bidix waxaa ka mid ah waa sida munaaradaha wareega angular - di Santo Spirito iyo dei Carmini.

Isagoo maraya soo galo kan ugu weyn munaaraddii Filarete, waxaan u helaysaa in aad delle Piazza ka Armi, iyo waxa aan arki karnaa munaaraddii, oo ku yaalla goobta iridda la iskula dhexmaro Giovia. Si aad iyada waa qumman yihiin qolalka ducal ah, oo ka tagay - qaybta ugu deyr leh ee qalcaddii - Rochetta. Waxay leedahay deyrka yar, iyo laba iyo munaaradaha dhaadheer halkii: Torre Castellana (Castle) iyo munaaraddii Bona of Savoy. On dhulka waa trove khasnad of Torre Castellana, halkaas oo aad ka arki kartaa rijiyeeyay badbaaday Bramantino ah.

Inside qolalka ducal qoondeeyey square yar oo ku hareereysan Balbaladii ah, maanta loo yaqaan "Balbalada maroodiga» (Balbalada dell'Elefante), magacaabay sidaas sababta oo ah frescoes xayawaanka.

museum qalcaddii

Imaanshaha ee Milan hore, dalka durkiya on map-ka, taas oo aan jeclaan lahaa in ay booqdaan, aad sahamin karaan weligiis.

Laakiin waxaa lagama maarmaan ah inay doorato Castle Sforza, waayo, waa taallo taariikhiga ah, laakiin sidoo kale meel matxafyada badan yihiin. iyaga ka mid ah - gallery farshaxanka, ee Museum of Art Baydka, a collection of alaabtii muusikada, a collection of tapestries Dr Makumbe iyo bandhigyo kale oo badan. Free ka dib markii qalcaddii socday, waxaad ka iibsan kartaa hal tigidh si ay u soo booqdaan oo dhan matxafyada, ama si gooni gooni ah ku kasta oo aad soo-gaadhista xiiso.