Sharciga Chinese

Sharci weli siinayaa redistributions wareegsan capitation (layaal) qoondeysnaa dalka iyo waajibaadka ku aaminay in ay maamulka la wadaago (Madaxdii degaanka). Isla mar ahaantaana waxaa ku xusan in meelahaas meesha dhulka yar, waa in la siiyo abaal maris ka yar xaddi aasaasay. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa si xor ah loo ogol yahay (in kastoo la aqoonta maamulka) duurka u iibin "beerashada weligeed ah", iyo xaaladaha qaarkood, iyo saaray on codbixintan. Xaaladaha qaarkood (in maqnaanshaha shaqaale iyo adeeg ay martida meel kale) ogol yahay iyo bixinta saaray, in kastoo, sida caadiga ah, waa mamnuuc. sharciga Chinese ....

beddelka lagu calaameeyey oo ka reeban ayaa tilmaamaya in Tang ah, sida ka hor, hirgelinta nidaamka qaybtii ahaa by jirin loola jeedaa mid ah universal lahaanshaha dhul siman. Sidaa darteed, gabagabada ee kor ku xusan ayaa muujiyay, in qaybo badan oo ka mid ah nidaamka qaybtii waxaa ku koobnayn oo kaliya in ay war dhab jirey waxaa amar in isticmaalka dhulka, dabaqi karo markii ugu tilmaamay.

Tani waa ka sii badan tahay in meelaha "qaybin" ayaa hadda si rasmi ah u xil saaran tuulada naftooda ku. Waxaa intaa dheer, iyada oo dhererka waqtiga, cilmi ayaa xusay janjeera in la yareeyo degaanka ee dalka beeraha nadelnikov by yaraynta sirqoollada capitation loo isticmaalo ku meel gaar ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee habka dhul yar lagu bixiyaa homesteading ugu yaraan 20 mu dalkii of "beerashada weligeed ah", taas oo, sida caadiga ah, inkastoo la beerayo, oo aan geed bukaa ka yar, iyo in xaalado badan oo kala duwan tirada beeraha capitation layaal. Number of qoysaska diiwaangashan - unugyada aasaasiga ah ee canshuurta - in bartamihii qarnigii VIII ah. dhaafto 8.9 million., kaas oo siiyey meel khasnadda ka dakhli muhiim ah oo xasilloon.

nidaamka dhul yar inta lagu guda jiro Sui iyo Tang bixiyo iyo haysashada gobta ahaa iyo saraakiisha. Marka Sui abtirsan isku halleeyeen lahaanshaha min 40 ilaa 100 mu Ch'ing dhulka iyo saraakiisha - 5 Ch'ing for sare oo dheeraad ah la hoos u dhac 50 mu kasta-darajo hoose.

Marka Tang abtirsan haybad iyo dadka horyaal oo kala duwan, waxaa la siiyey sidii beertii "beerashada weligeed ah" ee 60 ilaa 100 mu Ch'ing, iyo saraakiisha sare (ilaa ay wada dhanyahay shanaad) - laga bilaabo 5 ilaa 60 Ch'ing. Saraakiil ka mid ah madaxda sare hoose, sidoo kale, helay lahaanshaha sida, laakiin ka "wareegi" dal fund dhul yar oo gaar ah, oo sidaas ay size aysan jirin. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, dhammaan saraakiisha helay xitaa "dhulka dusha" aagga oo kala duwan taas oo ku xidhan darajo u dhaxaysa 12 iyo 2 Ch'ing.

sharciga Chinese