Shuqullada Ostrowski: liiska ugu fiican. piece hore ee Ostrovsky

"Columbus Zamoskvorechye", qoraaga riwaayadaha, taas oo u soo jeestay riwaayadaha Ruush ee suugaanta "dhab ah" - waa A. N. Ostrovsky, shuqulladiisa oo ka bartamihii qarnigii XIX noqday weyn ee waajihid ee Tiyaatarka Maly ee Moscow. Dhammaan waxay ku qoran, waxaa aan loo samayn reading, iyo masraxa. Natiijada 40 sano ah hawlaha hal abuur noqday asalka ah (50), ka abuuray co-qoray, riwaayadaha baaraandegi iyo turjumay.

Ilaha "waxyoonay"

All shuqullada Ostrowski ku salaysan yihiin la socodka joogtada ah ee jidka nolosha ka mid ah qaybaha bulshada kala duwan, inta badan baayacmushtariyaasha iyo kuwa xukunka haya.

Carruurnimada iyo qaangaarka Abwaan maray hadda u adeegaya - degmada hore ee Moscow, taas oo inta badan ay deggan yihiin farsamayaqaan. Sidaas Ostrovsky la ogyahay jidka nolosha iyo muuqaalada intrafamily iyo xiriirka bulshada. By bartamihii qarnigii XIX ah, waxa ay u muuqataa "saarka" iyo aad u badan ee loo yaqaan - waxay geli doonaa baayacmushtari cusub.

Aad u faa'iido badan ahaa shaqada ee Xafiiska maxkamadda niyada ka Moscow, halkaas oo Alexander soo biiray 1843. 8 sano indhaynta dacwadaha iyo Dirirta baayacmushtariyaal iyo qaraabada loo oggol yahay inay ku ururto warbixin qiimo leh oo ku saabsan taas oo loo qori doonaa shuqullada ugu fiican ee Ostrovsky badan.

In shaqo ee la xidhey go'aansanay in loo qoondeeyo 4 xilliga asaasiga ah. Mid kasta oo ay astaan u hab gaar ah u dafiray ee dhabta ah iyo muuqaalka kore ee gogo 'oo dhalaalaya.

1847-1851 sano. The tijaabo ugu horeysay

Maqaalo ku qoran ruuxa "dugsiga dabiiciga ah" oo la raacayo dhaqan by Gogol jideeyey, keenay horyaalka a laylis qoraa "Columbus Zamoskvorechye". Laakiin ugu dhaqsiyaha badan ay bedelay ciyaarta, taas oo si buuxda u vytesnli noocyo Tacaddi.

piece hore ee Ostrovsky - "Family Picture", marka hore la akhriyo by qoraaga xaflad at S. Shevyreva. Laakiin warkiisiina wuxuu keenaa "Bankrut", ka dib loo baxshay "dadkiisa - la tiriyey" falcelin The in gabal wuxuu ahaa degdeg ah. Faafreebka waxaa la isla markiiba la mamnuucay (qoran 1849, waxaa yimid goobta kaliya ee 1861), iyo V. Odoyevski saaray par a la "ignoramus", "Waxaa iska hoogay ka Wit" iyo "Isbatooraha". Wixii dhowr sano, wax soo saarka ayaa si guul leh u akhri in wareegyada iyo Galbihiiba suugaanta, bixinta qoraaga dhallinyarada ah waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay adduunka.

1852-1855 sano. "Moskvityaninsky" muddo

Tani waa markii ugu marka Ostrovsky biiray "shaqaalaha dhallinyarada tifaftirka" ee magazine, wacdiyaya fikradda ah 'ciidda, iyo inay xiiso u baayacmushtarigana waxay ka. Wakiilada of class bulshada, ma la xidhiidha serfdom oo aan la furay dadka, ayaa noqon kara, sida ay Grigoryev, ciidamo cusub oo saameyn ku yeelan kara horumarinta Russia. In muddo this of 3 shaqeeya Ostrowski, mid ka mid ah oo - "Saboolnimada ma goosta".

dhagarta image ee xiriirka qoyska baayacmushtariga Tortsov. aabbihiis baarri iyo talisnimo, kuwa kibirka leh, ayaa qorshaynaysa in ay guursadaan gabadhiisa, jacayl la wakiil saboolka ah ee Korshunova xariifadda ah oo hodan ah. Waa baayacmushtariga oo ah jiilka cusub, kaasoo aan weligiis uu seegay. Dhaadhiciyo-daalim walaalkiis jecel awoodin - nugul sakhraannimo, ma uruuriyeen nasiib ah, laakiin dhammaan sharciyada moral soo socda. Sidaas darteed, kiiska waxaa si guul leh xallin waayo Luba, iyo riwaayadaha ka sheegtay guul Ruush dhaqanka dad iyo dhaqanka ee Yurub.

1856-1860 sano. Isku daya in la "Casriga"

Shuqullada muddo this: "A faa'iido Post", "In cunid qalaad iidda" iyo, dabcan, "Storm The" - ahaayeen natiijada uu colka doorka fasalka baayacmushtariga raggu dalka. Waxaa mar dambe ma soo jiidatay by Abwaan ah, iyo sifooyinka iyo aad u badan kibir iyo si ba'an isku dayayaan in ay iska caabin ah (natiijada ka lahaanshada ee "Casriga") cusub oo dimuqraadi ah. Tan waxaa inta badan si cad "boqortooyada mugdi ah" ayaa la sheegay in hal Abwaan musiibo "Storm The". Halkan, waxaa jira dad dhallinyaro ah oo aadan rabin in ay ku riday ilaa sharciyada domostroevskimi.

Falanqaynta shuqullada abuuray sannadaha 40-50, A. Grigoriev yeedhay Ostrovskogo A. N. "Abwaan dadka" run, taas oo adkeeyay baadil ah farshaxankiisa ay cadaynayaan.

1861-1886 sano. shaqada baaluq

In 25 sano oo la xidhey post-habaynta qoray shuqullada cad ah, kala duwan ee ku sifayn iyo theme. Waxay la isugu keenaa karaa kooxo dhowr ah.

1. Comedy ku saabsan nolosha baayacmushtariyadii: "Xaq si fiican yahay, laakiin farxad waa ka fiican", "oo maalin kasta ma aha Sunday."
2. Maadeys: "Wolves iyo Idaha", "Easy Money," "Forest The", iyo qaar kale.
3. "Sawiro nolosha ee Moscow" iyo "qiimaha durugsan" oo ka mid ah dadka "wax yar" "Maalmaha culus", "saaxiib jir waa ka wanaagsan yahay laba kuwa cusub," iwm
4. Chronicles on theme taariikhiga ah: "Kozma Minin Zaharich-Sukhoruk" iyo kuwa kale.
5. riwaayadaha Psychological "The Victim hore", "aroosadda".

Marka laga reebo waa play-Sheeko "Snow xaasnimada".

Shuqullada labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay noqday sifooyin naxdin iyo falsafada iyo maskaxda iyo si kaamil ah farshaxanka kala duwan iyo hab macquul ah suuradda.

Abuuraha reer tiyaatarka qaranka

Qarniyo ku maray, laakiin shuqullada Ostrovskogo Aleksandra Nikolaevicha weli ururiyaan ogeysiisyada ku saabsan marxaladaha hormuudka ka ah dalka, soo jeediyay in weedha Ivan Goncharov: "... aad ka dib markii ... waxaan dhihi karaa, isagoo iskibrin:. Helno tiyaatarka Ruush gaar qaranka" "Poor aroosadda" iyo "joogo aad gaari baraf u gaar ah", "Guurka Bal'zaminova" iyo "qalbiga ma aha dhagax," "Ma aha dinaar, oo si lama filaan ah Altyn" iyo "nacasnimo ku filan in kasta falsan Man" ... Liiska la yaqaan theatergoers kasta Ostrowski ciyaara magacyada ay sii wadi karo muddo dheer. Thanks to xirfadaha la xidhey ee masraxa yimid nool dunida gaar ah ka buuxa dhibaatooyin in mar walba lahaan doonaan oo ku saabsan aadanaha.