Socialist Fure Sharl iyo fikradaha uu. Biography iyo shuqullada Charles Fourier

Lkn hantiwadaagga Sharl Fure malayn bulsho fiican oo aan monoboli gobolka on xoogga. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in fikradda ah waa macquul ahayn, Fourier aragti lahaa saamayn wayn ku Marxism iyo fikradaha hantiwadaagga.

carruurnimada

April 7, 1772 ee qoyska waa baayacmushtari arrin hodanka ah ee Besancon lahaa wiil - Fure Sharl. Sida ilmo, ilmaha la siiyey fursad weyn fahamka Sciences kala duwan iyo Arts, oo uu ku kala duwanaayeen u janjeera in ay riyooyin oo keliya, dheeldheel jecel akhriyeyey iyo music. carruurnimo noocan oo kale ah qaabeeya falsafada iyo Waxay ka tarjumayaan maskaxda, kaas oo lagu qeexay dambe shaqo wiil. waxbarashada tooska ah Charles lahaa dhimman badan, wuxuu bartay machad Jesuit ah, iyo ka dib xilliyo bartay cilmiga kala duwan ee waqtiga marka nolosha ayaa u xuub bedelay. Aabbihiis dhintay, iyo arrimaha dib uma ay xaaladoodu cajiib ah. Sidaa darteed, ka Fourier 18-sano jir ah ayaa lagu qasbay in ay ka danbeeyaan miiska dukaanka taagan si ay u helaan lacag si ay isu quudiyaan, laakiin naftiisa waa tan aan ku jiifa.

search laftiisa

In kasta oo loo baahan yahay in ay ka shaqeeyaan, Sharl Fure, kuwaas oo Biography ma qabto kaliya markooda uga yaacday, had iyo jeer lahaa harraad ah ee aqoonta iyo digtoonaan. sanado badan iyo shaqo adag, safarada, faa'iido iyo khasaare ayaa keentay in xaqiiqda ah in in 1793 Fourier ahaa milkiilaha dukaan alaabta gumeysiga. Laakiin markaas yimid Revolution Faransiis ah, iyo wax kasta oo uu lumay, oo uu qoray ciidanka, halkaas oo uu ku soo saaray caafimaadka oo uu haddana lagu qasbay in ay waddada, hadda karaaniga a ka dibna Somailand bilowdo. Laakiinse waagaas oo dhan ma uu joojiyo gaaraya hay'ad ahaan aqoonta, barashada waxyaabo cusub, daawashada dunida by tag, oo wuxuu u muuqday fikrado kala duwan.

kubadsameeyaha

Sannado badan ka shaqeeya hay'adaha kala duwan, Fure Sharl dhismaha mashaariic kala duwan. Ay impracticability ama utility hooseeyo ogolaanaysaa u wac ee projectors muddo this. Waxa uu uu xiiseynayo inuu waxyaalahan oo dhan, oo uu doonayo in uu hagaajiyo. Fure Sharl The gudbiso qorshaha wasaaradda gaashaandhigga, waayo hore ee cuntada ee hab cusub, maskaxdiisa waxaa ka shaqeeya on biraha qoryo iyo bir, waxaa ka shaqeeya mashruuca gaadiidka ciidamada ee guud ahaan Rhine ah, waxaa la soo koraya mashruuc si ay u abuuraan class gaar ah dilaaliinta. shuqulladiisii oo dhan inta badan waxay keeni jees jeesi jireen oo kaliya, laakiin ma joojin hawlaha maskaxda Fourier. By da'diisu ka yaraan soddon, uu ugu danbeyn ogaaday yeedhistiisu - in ay reformer bulsho, iyo in ay ku siinaysaa waqti badan iyo dadaal.

In 1803 wuxuu warqadihii ku qoray khuseeya yar oo ku saabsan siyaasadda gumeysiga, taas oo muujisay asalnimada ee uu aragtida iyo awoodaha sheegid. Later, ee 1808, uu daabacay uu shaqada ugu horeeyay "Aragtida The oo ka mid ah afar dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo destinies guud", kaas oo noqday horseed u ah aragtida dhamaystiran oo Fourier. Buuggan waxaa aan furay Charles fursad ay ku noolaadaan oo kaliya ay shaqada sayniska, iyadu ma hesho qiimeyn wanaagsan ee saffarro uu. Waayo, halka uu weli leeyahay si ay ula dagaalamaan ay hab-nololeedka. Oo kaliya ee 1822 waxa uu leeyahay ardayga iyo sokoeye iyo kuwa maalgeliya daabacaadda buugga soo socda.

Fikradda ah midnimada universal

Back in shuqullada hore ee sotsietarny Fourier formulates qorshe lagu Isbadal bulshada raasammaaliyade. Later, cilmiga fekeraya gal in aragtida midnimada universal. booska laga bilaabo jimicsi waa fikradda ah in shuuciyad ma aha tallaabadii u dambaysay ee horumarinta bulshada, waa kaliya tallaabo bulshada ee wada noolaanshaha universal. Waxa uu rumeysan yahay in bulshada waa inay ka kooban yihiin ururada shaqada - phalanges, oo ku saabsan 2 kun oo qof, ay ku nool yihiin doonaa phalanx ah.

Shaqada iyo lacagta la wadaago waa cadaalad ah, si waafaqsan baahida dadka. Waxa uu rumeysan yahay in phalansteries sida abuuri karaan hadda on lacag ah lasiman. The salaysan mustaqbalka ee bulsho qani yahay aragtida ah ee ay jecelyihiin, E. ie. Wixii la doonayay oo lacag la'aan ah dadka waa in ay aasaas u ah oo ay ku qanacsan tahay shaqo. Fourier soo jeediyey in wax laga beddelo qaabka dhan ee bulshada, laga bilaabo waxbarashada caruurta, taas oo, in uu ra'yi, ma ku filan oo kaliya in ay waxbarashada qoyska. Fekeraya ka dhanka ah isbedelka kacaan amarka bulshada ahaa, wuxuu rumeysan yahay in shuuciyad in bulsho-habboonaanta dhex shaqsiyaadka maturity tegi doonaa. Bulshada cusub ee uu ku arkay lacag la'aan ah ka qasab iyo qeybinta fasalka.

goobo ka mid ah oo shurako ah

In ka 20 ee qarnigii 18aad, Sharl Fure, kuwaas oo fikrado kala oo caan, abuuraa isaga ku wareegsan goobo yar oo ka mid ah dadka sida maskax. Waxay kaliya ma uu dhegaysan fikirrada falsafo, laakiin sidoo kale ku hawlan popularization fikradaha uu. Muddo sanado ah, waxaan la daabacay wargeysyada dhowr, kaas oo lagu daboolo arrimaha Fourierism. The kuwa raacsan hodan iyo caanka ah wax baridda, gaar ahaan walaalaha Virgin ee barakaysan oo xigeenka Bode-Dyulari ugu deeqay lacag badan si ay u dhisaan phalanx, laakiin fikradda cadeeyay inuu yahay xumeyn. Tan iyo xubnaha bulshada ma lahayn xirfadaha shaqada beeraha iyo qorshaha ay u tageen faraha. In qeybtii labaad ee 30-mada bulshada yimaado Victor Considerant, kuwaas oo ballanqaaday inay dib u soo celinta oo ka mid ah "ee dugsi", ayuu bilawday magazine cusub iyo kharash gareeya badan oo ilaha dhaqaale ee faafinta fikradaha Fourierism. All ogaato oo ku saabsan taariikhda iyo afartan isku dayo in la abuuro phalansteries ee Europe iyo America, laakiin midkoodna maamula si ay u noolaadaan in ka badan shan sano.

Fikradda wayn

Fekeraya Fure Sharl, shuqulladiisa oo waxaa lagu gartay by saffarro xamaasad dhistaa uu aragti on postulates kuwan. Shuuciyad lagu dhisay on shaqada cadaalad daro iyo qaybinta maalka, sidaas darteed waxaa shaki la'aan waxaa lagu beddeli doonaa by nooc cusub oo ka mid ah bulshada. bulshada ku haboon ka koobnaan doonaan phalanges - iskaashiga, kuwaas oo loo diyaarin sida ay mabda'a ah bulsho la waxyaalaha aasaaska ah ee shirkadda, oo waxay ku hadhi doonaan hantida gaarka loo leeyahay, laakiin ma noqon doonaan il dulmi. nooca ugu weyn ee wax soo saarka - beeraha. Tan iyo markii goolkii ugu muhiimsan - si aad u hesho qadar xad-dhaaf ah oo cunto ah si looga fogaado baahida loo qabo in daciifin qof ay qoondaynta. Ka qaybgalayaashu waxay phalanx xubin ka tahay sanduuq caadi ah xaddi gaar ah in ay heleen iyo aaladahooda wax-soo-saarka. Qof kasta oo aad doorato nooca waxqabadka waafaqsan awoodooda iyo hawada, sidaa daraadeed waxa uu la shaqeeyaa furitaankii iyo farxad. Inta badan ee bulshada mustaqbalka waa urur macquul ah isticmaalka,

taasoo la micno ah Fourierism

Sharl Fure - hantiwadaagga, lkn, saamayn wayn ku Marx iyo Somalisch. Waxay qiray in fikradaha lkn of Fourier ogolaaday in la helo hab sax ah in abuurista bulsho siman. shuuciyad Sayniska ee Marx koray out of aragtida ah ee "midnimada universal", jabiyay qaar ka mid ah daqiiqado ay lkn.

On Fourier hooyo waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah aqoon yahanno ugu weyn ee qarnigii 19aad, shuqulladiisa waxaa soo bartay jaamacadaha.

In Russia ee 40 jirka ah ee cilmiga qarnigii 19aad ee Charles Fourier sidoo kale helaa taageerayaal badan, oo waxaa ku dhex jiray Butashevich-Petrashevsky iyo Annenkov. Circle Petrashevists xitaa loogu tala galay in la dhiso phalanx ah ee Russia, laakiin tani hortagi qabtay ee madaxa. views Moral iyo waxbarashada Fourier ayaa wax wanaagsan ku helay by Chernyshevsky.