Stanyukovich Konstantin Mihaylovich: Biography, hal-abuurka

In suugaanta Ruush, magaca waa la kala saari Karin xidhiidh la marinistiki ku sifayn ah. Waxa uu noqday caddaynta ku dhow caadi ah in farshaxanka Ruush leedahay laba heesaa unsurpassed xubno badda, loo siman yahay in talanti: rinjiyaynta - Ivan Aivazovsky, suugaanta - Stanyukovich. Konstantin ka nooc ka mid ah badmaaxyo dhaxlo yimid. Waxaa u muuqan lahaa, waxa kale oo uu qori kartaa, uu si guul ah ku bilowday mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed sida sarkaal ciidamada badda, markii uu dareemay degto ah wixii loo doonay shuqulkii suugaanta? Dhanka kale, oo uu ku xiran ugu weyn, wuxuu helay ma at mar.

ina Admiral

Waxa uu ku dhashay 1843 magaalada, turjumaya ammaanta ciidamada badda ee Russia - in Sevastopol. Aabbaha - Admiral Mihail Nikolaevich Stanyukovich - adeegi jiray taliyaha ciidamada iyo taliyaha ah ee dekedda military ee Sevastopol sida. "Xun, Admiral," sida u yeedhay ka dib ina-qoraa, tixgeliyaa ganacsi adeeg badda ugu fiican ee nin, a si military oo adag - habka ugu saxda ah ee nolosha abaabulka, ku haboon qoysaska. Farac ka mid ah qoyska qadiimi ah oo sharaf leh Polish-Lithuanian Stankovichey, ayuu hantiyeen doonista bir ah iyo qof u xoog badan. kiiska Marine ahaa xeerkii qoyska ee qadiimiga ah, tan iyo naagtiisa Lubov ahayd gabadhii sarkaal ciidamada badda.

Qoyskii waa in la sii - tani waxay ahayd qanacsanahay Admiral Stanyukovich. Konstantin, carruurnimada hore ee ilmo firfircoon oo degdeg ah oo arkayay, wuxuu noqday saaraysa rajada ugu weyn ee aabbihiis. Oo wuxuu sameeyey qorshe formation hore ee wiilkii, isaga gelinaya sidii mentor iyo barahaaga waa aqoon fiican u, ka Petersburg intelligentsia Ippolit Matveyevich Debu yimid. Waxa uu musaafuriyay adeega sida askari caadi ah, ka dib markii links. Link ahaa mid lagu beddelan karo in ciqaabta dilka ah ee Petrashevists kiiska (1949) - goobada deeqsi ah hantiwadaagnimadu dhallinyarada hogaaminayo Michael Butashevich-Petrashevsky meesha associate Debu on bakeerigaagu ahaa F. M. Dostoevsky. Debu aan loo Waxyoodo ahayn uu ardayga toban sano ah aragtidiisa xagjirka ah, laakiin fajac isaga ee dhadhanka u ah suugaanta wanaagsan.

Bilad ee Difaaca ee Sevastopol

In 1853 bilowday dagaalkii Crimean ah, taas oo uu noqday calaamad u ah dhibaatooyinka bulsho ee Russia u ururay la xidhiidha siyaasadda karin ee -Raaxaysta-, talaabsadeen rajo layers sare ee dadka u habaynta, ayaa la filayaa xitaa ka dib markii ay guul ee Dagaalkii 1812. Markaas ayaa ku dambayn doonta dhaqdhaqaaqa kacaan of 1860, taas oo innaba ma uu baxsan doono saamaynta iyo Stanyukovich. Konstantin fikrado islaaxiyiinta ka nixi doonaa, laakiin se waxa ay 11 sano, oo uu soo jeedo oo u dhowaanin Sevastopol ciidamada Anglo-Faransiis.

Inta lagu guda jiro difaaca oo magaalada waa Constantine la aabbihiis iyo inta u adeegta sida warqaadayaal samatabbixiyaa sahay caafimaad saldhiga labiska, iwm Waa indhahoodu lulmay daawashada ah geesinimo iyo musiibo of badmaax Ruush gaarsiinta magaalada, arkaa madaxda halyeeyga daafaca - .. Admirals Kornilov iyo Istomin. Marka, ka dib markii qaxidda salka la go'doomiyey ee Badda Madow Fleet ee 1856, wuxuu iska diiwaangeliso Petersburg St. ku Corps of Pages, waxaa uu billadda "In xasuusta of War Bari" iyo "Wixii difaaca ee Sevastopol." Sida laga soo xigtay codsiga aabbihiis, kuwaas oo ku riyoonaya inuu mustaqbalkiisa ciidamada badda, oo isna dhalay, in 1857 noqday arday ah Stanyukovich Marine Corps.

dhamaadka mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed sarkaal ee

By ee 1860 hore uu hore u qabay cudurka ku hamiday hadalka uunka. In 1859 wuxuu daabacay "North Flower" magazine oo uu daabacaadan ugu horeysay - ". Askari ka fariistay" gabay Sannad ka dib, inta u dhaxaysa Konstantin iyo aabbihiis jebiyo iskahorimaadka, kuwaas oo bilaabay jilcid in ay xiriir, taas oo soo afjari doona time qaar ka mid dhamaystiran nasasho ka dib. Wiilka ku dhawaaqay go'aankiisa uu ku wareejiyo hay'ad rayid ah - University of St. Petersburg, taas oo soo maratay horjeeda Admiral Stanyukovich. Konstantin ayaa lagu qasbi doonaa in ay tagaan safar adduunka oo dhan on Corvette ah "Kalevala", taas oo markabka uu la tixgalinayo doonaa adkeysi aabbihiis dayrta ee 1860.

Badmaaxe Old rajeynayo on madaxa dabaylo badda xoogan oo uu ina ka bariyeelay oo ah alaabtii kala duwan, iyo badda guri ammaan Stanyukovich sii wadi doonaan. Laakiin qaybgalka Constantine ee circumnavigation saddex sano ah - oo kaliya si ay u helaan aqoonta iyo waayo-aragnimada cusub ay shuqulkiisa u sameeyaan qoraal. Oo waxaa uu horey u bilaabay, in edition caanka ah ee "Maritime Collection" daabacdaa articles iyo maqaalo Stanyukovicha midshipman, iyo wakhtiga firaaqada ah uu ka daalin qoray dareenkaa uu ah waxa uu arkay maqlay oo.

hawlgabka

In 1864, midshipman Stanyukovich ah, jebinta mucaaradka firfircoon aabbihiis, laga eryay Navy ah. Laga bilaabo nolol cusub oo aan fududeyn. Waxa uu bilaabo iskaashi firfircoon la publications kala duwan - "Voice", "Petersburg caleen", "Alarm", iwm The "Badda ururinta" daabacay sheeko ee Constantine Stanyukovicha "Storm" .. Laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan noqon guursadaan Lyubovi Nikolaevne Artseulovoy, ka dibna dhalashada gabadhiisa ugu horreeyey, oo ka hor qoraa dhallinyarada jirto wax dhibaato ah ku istaahilo in la taageero maaddi ah ee qoyska. Si taas loo sameeyo this dhowr jeer uu galay adeega ee waaxaha kala duwan.

In qorshaha hal abuur leh, waayo, Stanyukovicha search sii, waayo, style iyo dulucda ugu weyn. Iyadoo dareenkaa uu adeegga badda, la daabacay sida buug ee 1867 loo yaqaan "From circumnavigation", ayaa la kulmay xiisaha, waa iyo aad u badan waxay xaladii isagoo aad u doonaya in ay qoraan mowduucyo bulshada iyo siyaasadda. Waxa uu dareensan yahay in runta fikrado in ay muujiyaan maskaxdii ka helo xoog badan oo ka mid ah dhaqdhaqaaqa kacaan, gaar ahaan garabka xag - loona keenay. Mid ka mid ah waqtiga uu ku soo shaqeeyay macalin dugsiga hoose ee tuulo ku taala gobolka of Murom.

Editor of majaladda "Delo"

Tartiib tartiib badda theme ku baaba'ayso galay asalka. Laga soo bilaabo 1872 Stanyukovich bilaabaa in uu si firfircoon uga shaqeeyaan ee "Business" magazine, iyo tan iyo 1877 ayaa ku qooladdii kasta daabacay uu articles iyo satires. iyaga ka mid ah, "Waraaqaha sharaf shisheeye ah" iyo "Images nolosha bulshada" in keeni warkiisii Stanyukovich naqdi adag ee nolosha Ruush ka dib markii dib u habaynta ee 1861. Sidoo kale, mawduucyada u huray in tixaha ah "Whirlpool" iyo "Laba Brothers", la daabacay ee 80s hore.

In 1880 Stanyukovich noqday co-editor of "Kiisaska", iyo saddex sano ka dib - ay sare editor. Waxa uu mar hore ayaa ka mid ah taageerayaasha habaynta kacaan miisaan gaar ah iyo amar, iyo masuuliyiinta rasmiga ah iyo maamulka booliska tilmaamay "arinkii shakhsiyadda dawladda ka soo horjeeda".

The xiray oo la masaafuriyey

In the 80s hore qoraaga si joogta dibadda tagaan ay sabab u tahay cudur gabadhii ugu weynaa. Waxaa uu la kulmay koox ka mid ah Muhaajiriinta siyaasadeed ka Russia, ay ka mid yihiin garabka ugu xagjirka ah, oo ay ka mid Shacabka - ka qaybgalayaasha si toos ah iyo qaban-qaabiyayaasha oo ka mid ah weeraro argagaxiso oo ka tirsan Saarka caan ah - S. Kravchinskii, V. Zasulich.

Ma laga yaabaa in ay aadeen lama dareemo by booliska, gaar ahaan ka dib markii isku day dil ka March 1, 1881 Alexander II oo ah, iyo April 1884 Stanyukovich la xiray iyo kaalinta ay ku casemates ururso. Oo waxaa dhacday in soo laabashada qoraaga dibada ka, arrin lama filaan ah, iyo qoyska markii qaar ka mid ah ma ay ogayn halka uu. Waxa uu bilaabo baaritaan dheer, taas oo ku dhamaaday kaliya sannad ka dib.

dhalashada labaad

In 1885, qoraaga si Siberia soo diray, waayo, saddex sannadood ka yar ilaalo booliska iyo degeen Tomsk. Halkan oo waxaa jiray dhalashada dhab ah oo ka mid ah qoraa-seascape weyn. Waxa uu ka shaqeeyaa adag, abuuraa oo la shaqeeya sharaxaada nolosha Siberian, laakiin dulucda ugu weyn ee tixaha iyo sheekooyin gaagaaban oo uu noqdo nolosha ka mid ah ragga baxriyiinta ah.

Waxaa jira uu masterpieces caan ka ah ururinta "Stories Badda" :. "! Man tuureen," "On dhagaxa", "baxso", iwm Readers iyo dhaleecayn horumar la soco tiraab in Stanyukovicha xiiso ma aha oo kaliya badda ruux hindiga, sax iyo isku halaynta ee ugu qaybo yar yar, laakiin sidoo kale dadka bini'aadamnimada, rabitaan caddaalad, fiiro gaar ah u ninka caadiga ah.

"Ma aha oo kaliya ma uu dareemaan uu ku nool nolosha badda"

Ka dib markii laga soo masaafuriyey soo laabtay ee 1888 Stanyukovicha filaysaa caasimada dhaweynta xamaasad sababa guusha leeyihiin min ah "sheekooyinka badda" ay. Uu ururinta hadli wanaagsan iyo xirfadeed baxriyiinta ah, iyo qorayaasha. First sida qaab cajiib ah nolosha badda adag, labaad - luqad fasiix ah oo intelligible, cibaaro la yaab leh dhaqdhaqaaqyo goob. sheekooyin ah sida "Man tuureen!" "Intii u dhaxaysay saaxiibada", "Dhimashada Hawk" et al., la xusay sax ah ee dabeecadda aadanaha, runta ku jirta falalka lagu qeexay caqabadaha xaaladaha nolosha. Waxay yihiin dadka dhabta ah kuwaas oo aan si weyn u tiirsan asal ahaan ama waxbarasho.

ra'yi-celin wanaagsan oo ku saabsan sheekooyin Stanyukovicha waxa la dhigay in ka publications ee views siyaasadeed oo kala duwan. "Maxim", "xafiiltanka American," "dadka Ruush True" iyo shuqullo kale la fahamsan yahay by Slavophiles ah, bogi la ogaado iyaga oo kibirka ee tayada sare moral ee badmaax Ruush. Raxmadda, geesinimada iyo qayru ay naftayda oo dhan lahaa ilaha si cad qaranka iyaga u. "Jack of Hearts", "In ay dalalkan fog", sida laga soo xigtay dadka kale, ku qoran height ruuxa in ay leeyihiin qiimaha universal. Common ahaa aragtida waxbarashada iyo qiimaha waxbarashada tiraab Stanyukovicha.

Legacy iyo xusuusta

sano ee la soo dhaafay nolosha wax qora waxaa ka buuxsamay shaqo adag, ixtiraamka asxaabta, akhristayaasha jacayl, xanuun iyo khasaaro of kuwa jecel yahay. Konstantin Mihaylovich Stanyukovich, kuwaas oo Biography ayaa sii xidhiidh dhow inay Russia ka horeysay in ay neefta ee la soo dhaafay oo ku dhintay Naples ee 1903.

Wuxuu looma tixgeliyo hanad ka mid ah heerka suugaanta Ruush ah Tolstoy, Dostoevsky iyo Chekhov, laakiin ma daalaeday badda dabaysha tiraab Stanyukovicha, suugaanta Ruush ee qarnigii XIX ah ayaa laga badiyay lahaa wax badan oo ballaadhkiisuna iyo kala duwanaanta ah. Iyo in aannu mar u caadaysatay dadka waaweyn iyo carruurta, sheekooyinka iyo warkii rinjiile badda weyn si ay u sameeyaan filimada, iyo maanta waxay baryaan badda BURCAD mustaqbalka.