Stirling engine - Mabda 'ka shaqeeya. The low-kulka Stirling engine (sawir)

Stirling engine, mabda'a ah taas oo tayo kala duwan ka caadiga ah ee dhammaan engine ku sari gudaha, mar ahaa ee la soo dhaafay si ay u tartamaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waqtiga qaar ka mid ah ka Halmaamaan oo ku saabsan. Sida motor this waxaa loo isticmaalaa maanta, waa maxay mabda'a ay hawlgal (in article ayaa sidoo kale waxaa laga heli karaa motor ka Stirling sawiro in ay muujiyaan inuu shaqada), iyo waxa ay tahay rajada ah in loo isticmaalo mustaqbalka, eeg hoos.

story

In 1816, Robert Stirling ee Scotland ayaa la xiranayo engine kulaylka, la odhan jiray ayaa maanta lagu sharfayo ay hindisa. The matoorada hawada kulul oo kuwii hore ka been abuurtay isaga ka horreeyey. Laakiin Stirling ku daray in ay ka nadiifsan qalab in suugaanta farsamo ee waxa loo yaqaan regenerator ama Iskubedelka kulaylka ah. Thanks isaga si, kor u waxqabadka engine adigoo haaya unit ee kulaylka.

Engine qiray engine uumi ugu waarta heli karo waqti, tan iyo markii uu marna ku qarxay. oo isaga ka horreeyey, matoorrada kale dhibaato noocan oo kale ah waxay badanaa ka dhacdaa. Inkastoo guusha hore, in horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad, ka horumarinta hoos u dhacay, sida waxa ay noqotay in ka yar kharash-ool ah marka la barbardhigo soo baxaya ka dibna kale matoorada sari gudaha iyo matoorrada korontada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Stirling weli waxaa loo isticmaali jiray in qaybaha qaarkood.

engine sari Dibadda

Mabda'a hawlgalka oo dhan matoorada kulaylka waa in ciidamada farsamo badan oo ka badan la riixo qabow ee gobolka balaariyay gaaska loo baahan yahay. Si ay u muujiyaan waayo-aragnimo this la fulin karo oo leh labo qeybood biyo qabow oo kulul iyo sidoo kale dhalada ka buuxo. dambe waxaa lagu rusheeyey biyo qabow, tube fur, ka dibna wareejiyay kulul a. Marka gaaska ku jira dhalada bilaabo si ay u qabtaan shaqada si farsamaysan iyo musaafurinaysa siib. First engine sari dibadda ku salaysan habka gebi ahaanba. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib hindisa ay xaqiiqsadeen in kulaylka loo isticmaali karaa kululaynta. Sayidka, qaab ayaa u kordhay. Laakiin xitaa taasi ma caawin engine ah si ay u noqdaan baahsan.

Later Erickson, injineer ka Sweden, qurbaan design fiicnaaday qaboojiyey iyo gaaska kulul at cadaadis joogto ah halkii mugga. Sidaas darteed, wax badan oo ka mid ah nuqulada bilaabay in loo isticmaalo shaqada ee miinooyinka, on maraakiibta iyo daabacaadda. Laakiin shaqaalaha, iyagu way culus.

Matoorada sari External ka Philips

matoorrada Kuwani waa noocyada soo socda:

• uumi,
• marawaxadaha shiilayo,
• Stirling.

Nooca dambe ma horumariyo sabab u ah kalsoonida uu hooseeyo iyo kuwa kale ee aan ahayn heerka ugu sareeya marka loo eego noocyada kale ee unugyada muuqday. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1938, Philips ayaa dib u bilaabay shaqo. Matoorada u noqday isticmaalaa in la wado matoorrada meelaha neelektrofitsirovannyh. In 1945, injineerada shirkadda ayaa laga helay iyaga oo si kale u isticmaalaan, haddii usheeda dhexe si ayna miiqdaan motor koronto, qaboojinta ee madaxa dhululubo yimaadaa si jaray mid ka mid boqol iyo sagaashan degrees Celsius. Markaas waxaa la go'aamiyay in loo isticmaalo in nidaamka qaboojiye hagaagtay Stirling engine.

Mabda 'hawlgalka

tallaabada of motor waa in ay ku shaqeeyaan oo ku saabsan wareegyada thermodynamic, taas oo uu dhacaa at kala duwan riixo heerkulka iyo ballaarinta. Sayidka xeerka socodka dareeraha ka shaqeeya waa ogaaday by kala duwan mugga (ama cadaadis - iyadoo ku xiran model ah). Tani waa mabda'a of inta badan ee mashiinada, kuwaas oo, kaas oo yeelan karaan hawlaha kala duwan iyo qorsheyaasha design. Matoorada laga yaabaa in lagu reciprocating ama Rotary. Mashiinnada la halbeeg ay ku shaqeeyaan sida bambooyin kulaylka, coolers, matoorrada cadaadis iyo wixii la mid ah.

Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira matoorada-wareegga furan, halkaas oo xeerka socodka waxaa ogaaday iyada oo hawosaarihiisa. Taasi waxaa lagu magacaaba matoorada Erickson, ka sokow magaca caadi magaca Stirling. shaqo waxtar leh ayaa ICE waa la fuliyay ka dib markii pre-compressing duro hawada iyo shidaalka, kulaylinta ey isku keentay waxaa ku qasmay sari iyo ballaarinta.

The Stirling mabda'a engine shaqo waa isku mid: heerkulka hooseeyo la cadaadiyo, iyo sare - ballaarinta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kululaynta kala duwan waxaa lagu fuliyaa: kulaylka waxaa bixisey banaanka ka derbiga dhululubo ah. Sidaa darteed, waxa uu u yeedhay mishiin lihi dibadda. Stirling isticmaalo isbedelka heerkulka wareegsan oo leh qalab barakaca. gaaska Last guuro mid ka mid qolkii dhululubo in kale. Dhinaca mid, joogto ah heerkulka yar yahay, oo dhinaca kale ah - sare. Marka dhaqaaqin qalab ka sii weynaydba guuro gaaska ka kulul ay u saabka qabow iyo hoos - dib ugu kulul. gaaska First siinaysaa badan oo kulaylka qaboojiyaha, ka dibna ka kululeeyaha helo sida ugu badan ee uu siiyey. Inta u dhaxaysa kululeeyaha iyo regenerator a qaboojiyaha ku taala - dalool leh qalab ah oo gaaska ku siinayaa off kulaylka ka buuxsamay. In regenerator socodka dambe ka noqdo.

nidaamka lagu gano xiran yahay qalab a compressing gaaska dhaxanta iyo jidaynayey in ay ballaariso in kulaylka. By riixo heerkulka a hoose ee shaqada waxtar leh. Nidaamka dhan waddaa afar wareegyada la mooshin go'aysa. farsamo kumbyuutarradeedu sidaas hubisaa sii. Sidaa darteed, xuduudaha fiiqan u dhexeeya heerarka kala duwan ee wareegga aan arkay, iyo tayada engine Stirling ma hoos u.

Fiirsaneysa inay kor ku xusan, gunaanaday waa in engine waa engine qalab la siin kulaylka dibadda ah, kuna waari dhexdeeda dheecaanka ka shaqeeya ma ka tago meel bannaan oo ku lifaaqan iyo waxa aan la bedelay. sawiro engine Stirling si fiican u muujiso qalab iyo mabda 'hawlgalka ay.

faahfaahinta shaqada

Sun, korontada, tamarta nukliyeerka ama meel kasta kulayl kale siin kartaa tamarta galay engine Stirling ah. Mabda'a hawlgalka jidhkiisa waa in isticmaalka helium, hydrogen, ama hawada. wareegga kaamerada Perfect ayaa hufnaan ugu suurto galka ah ee ka soddon iyo afartan boqolkiiba. Laakiin regenerator wax ku ool ah u shaqayn karaan oo ay la-oolnimada sare. exchangers cusboonaysiinta, kululaynta iyo qaboojinta kulaylka bixiyaan dhisay, oo aan saliidda ka shaqeeya. Waa in la ogaadaa in sifaynta engine u baahan yihiin aad u yar. Cadaadiska caadiga ah dhululubo sida caadiga ah waa 10 ilaa 20 MPA. Sidaa darteed, waxay u baahan tahay nidaamka quwad aad u fiican oo suurtagal ah oo saliid ah galaan qolkii shaqeeya.

sifooyinka barbardhiga

Inta badan shaqaalaha matoorada maanta noocan ah isticmaalka shidaalka dareere ah. Sayidka cadaadis joogto ah si fudud gacanta, taasoo qiiqa. Maqnaanshaha filtarka bixisaa qalliin xasilloon. Awooda engine dhigma mass la turbocharging, awood u gaar ah helay at saarka waa loo siman yahay si ay u index cutubkan naaftada. The xawaaraha iyo Xuddunta ka madaxbannaan yihiin midba midka kale.

Qiimaha wax soo saarka engine waa ka sii badan engine ku sari gudaha. Laakiin waxaa soo baxday heerka dambe ee howlgalka.

faa'iidooyinka

model ka mid ah engine Stirling ah waxay leedahay faa'iidooyin badan:

• Karti at design casriga ah waxay noqon kartaa ilaa toddobaatan boqolkiiba.
• In engine ku leeyihiin nidaamka suuroggalaan sare, camshaft iyo hawosaarihiisa. Waxa aanu u baahan in la hagaajiyo inta lagu jiro mudada oo dhan hawlgalka.
• Stirling uusan haysan qaraxa in engine ku sari gudaha, taas oo load culus on crankshaft ah, saa'idka iyo Ulahoodii xira.
• Sida iyagu ma ay leeyihiin saamayn in, isagoo sheegay in "engine ah hakad."
• Thanks to ay xog qalabka la qalo karo muddo dheer.
• Waxaa ordi karaan saaran qoryaha, iyo nuclear iyo nooc kasta oo kale oo shidaal ah.
• Sari qaadataa meel ka baxsan motor ah.

ceebaha

• Faa'iida weyn ee design waa ay isticmaalka qalabka.
• Dheecaanka ka shaqeeya in la qaboojiyey, sababta oo ah waxa dhinacyada waxaa si weyn kor ugu.
• Waayo, ICE leh sifooyinka loo siman yahay loo baahan yahay in la isticmaalo cadaadis sare.
• By shaqeeya kulaylka jidhka waxaa bixisey iyada oo derbiga Iskubedelka kulaylka, taas oo conductivity kaamerada kooban.
• Si aad u bedesho ee awoodda engine, bedesho mugga taangiga baseka, cadaadis celceliska ah ee dareeraha ah ka shaqeeya, xagal wajiga u dhexeeya displacer iyo qalab ku.

codsiga

Currently, matoorka engine Stirling isticmaalo oo dhinacyo badan ah. Waa il boosaska badan ee tamarta korontada ee qaboojiyeyaasha, bambooyin, quusta iyo Quwadda qoraxda. Waa iyadoo la adeegsanayo noocyada kala duwan ee shidaalka waxaa suuro gal ah in ay isticmaalka baahsan.

nadiifinta dhalashadii labaad

matoorada haddana bilaabeen inay soo baxaan mahad Philips. In dhexe ee qarnigii labaatanaad waxa uu saxiixay heshiis General Motors. Waxay keentay horumarinta Stirling loogu isticmaalo meel iyo qalabka quuska, Maraakiibta iyo baabuurta. Ka dib markii iyaga shirkad kale oo ka soo Sweden, United Stirling, ayaa noqday mid ku lug leh horumarinta, oo ay ku jiraan isticmaalka suurto gal ah in baabuurta rakaabka.

Maanta toosan Stirling engine loo isticmaalo on rakiban subsea, runtan iyo qalabka qoraxda. Oo xiiso weyn u tahay in waxa keena sabab u habboon oo ka mid ah arrimaha deegaanka, iyo sidoo kale gacanta ku buuqa. In Kanada iyo Maraykanka, Germany iyo France, iyo Japan si firfircoon doonaya in ay horumariyaan oo ay hagaajiyaan isticmaalkeeda.

mustaqbalka

Faa'iidooyinka cad taas oo uu leeyahay qalab iyo engine a Rotary of Stirling ka kooban Nolosha adeeg dheer, isticmaalka shidaalka kala duwan, buuq yar yahay iyo sumoobo hooseeyo, waxaa engine sari aad u rajo gudaha for asalka ka dhigayaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, siin xaqiiqada ah in engine ku sari gudaha waqtiyada oo dhan si loo hagaajiyo, waxa aan si fudud loo xilka lagaga qaadi karaa. Anyway, tani waa engine maanta degan meel keentay, iyo u qaadan mustaqbalka dhow ma doonayaan in ay.