Taariikhda "KamAZ": xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Baabuur "Kamaz" - tani waa sayid dhabta ah ee waddooyinka dhulka ee Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee hore oo dhan. Waxay kaa caawin dhiso iyo horumarinta dalka weyn oo xoog badan. Iyada oo baabuur, kuwaas oo calaamad kasta - oo waxay ogaan carruurta iyo dadka waaweyn labadaba. Iyo u badan tahay ilmo kasta ku riyoon lahaa inuu wado Gaari this. Taariikhda "KAMAZ" - waa sheeko ee dalka ugu badan. Haddaba isku day in aad u sheegto.

Milkiilaha wadada

Sida horeba loo xusay, "KamAZ" baabuurta u noqday calaamad u dhabta ah ee ku dhowaad dhammaan baabuurta gudaha iyo dibadda. "Kamaz" - waa wax uncharacteristic for warshadaha ee auto gudaha, ka dib markii baabuur oo dhan brand this ka hor, oo hadda ku jira tartanka halis ah in aan analogues shisheeye awood yar by sifooyinka farsamo, oo ay isku halaynta iyo ka shaqeynayaan, iyadoo design gaar ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, kuwaas oo mashiinada culus ay awoodaan si ay u ilaaliyaan shakhsiyad gaar ah. On soo saarka wali la isticmaalo oo keliya horumar iyaga u gaar ah gudaha (marka laga reebo qaar ka mid ah lagu daydo).

Midowga Soofiyeeti loo baahan yahay in baabuurta maanta

Sheekadu waxay ku saabsan "Kamaz" bilaabay dhismaha warshadda. In the 60s ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, Midowga Soofiyeeti waxay bilaabeen inay si degdeg ah u horumariyaan - Jidka horumarinta dhammaan warshadaha kacay. Koraaya dhaqaalaha, si degdeg ah u koraya dhismaha guryaha ee dhammaan muwaadiniinta USSR. Wada jir ah ula this gaadiidka mugga kordhay. Dagaalka ka dib, baabuurta abuuray, laakiin waxa aanu si aad u tartiib ah, iyo raxan ka jira kuma filna. Geedaha ku adag isku dayay, laakiin ma bixin kartaa hoos u dhaca dhaqaalaha. Haddaba, maamulka ugu sareeya ee 1969 go'aan ku saabsan baahida loo qabo in la dhiso warshad gaari cusub, kaas oo lagu abuuray lahaa baabuur oo keliya. Laga soo bilaabo tan iyo bilaabay sheeko xiiso "KamAZ'a".

Sida Rafaa dhashay

Sidaas daraaddeed, on March 14 Guddiga Dhexe ee CPSU iyo Golaha USSR ee wasiirada, waxaa la go'aamiyay on baahida loo qabo in ay ka shaqeeyaan dhismaha dhismaha, halkaas oo ay soo saaraan lahaa baabuur culus ka. Site dhismaha helay Naberezhnye Chelny, in ASSR Tataarka. By habka, magaaladan aan la doortay by fursad. Ka hor inta aanad dooran this magaalada yar on Kama ah, khubaro ku bartay in ka badan 70 fursadaha kala duwan ee geedka. Faa'iidooyinka Naberezhnye Chelny ahaayeen kaliya cad - xaqiiqada ah in magaalada la juquraafi ku yaalla ku dhawaad bartamaha Midowgii Soviet badan. Sidoo kale in gobolka uu leeyahay mid ka mid ah shirkadaha dhismaha ugu weyn "Kamgesenergostroy" - waxan oo dhan ayaa ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal ah in si deg deg dhiso dam ah oo warshad korontada, xoogga kaas oo ahaa in ka badan 1.5 million kw / h. dhismayaasha warshad iyo guryaha la degan yahay ee shaqaalaha mustaqbalka ee geedka, ka kaas oo sheekada "KamAZ" si deg deg dhisi doonaa.

dhismaha bilaabay

shuqullada Civil isu keenay ku takhasusay iyo shaqaalaha ee u gaarka ah oo kala duwan ka samaystay gees kasta oo Midowga Soofiyeeti, oo ka dhigan 70 Jinsiyadaha. In ka badan 2,000 oo shirkadood oo kala duwan, oo dhan Guddiyada Main Guddiga Logistics State of Midowga Soofiyeeti, waaxda iyo wasaaradaha kala duwan buuxiya amarada dhismaha warshada qalabka iyo qalabka. Maalin kasta ee dhismaha goobta shaqada in ka badan 100,000 oo qof. Warshad mustaqbalka waxaa bixiyey waqtiga qalabka ugu horumarsan tiknoolaji iyo ma aha oo kaliya gudaha, laakiin sidoo kale wax soo saarka shisheeye. Shixnadaha qaadeen sida caalamiga ah shirkadaha sida "Swindell-Dressler," "Tata", "Renault", "Sandvik", "Hitachi" iyo qaar badan oo kale. Warshad waxaa la dhisay oo ku dhashay kaliya dhulka ku dhashay - ka mid ah beeraha diidanaa. Waayo, yeeesha dhul aan sinnayn, kuwii wax dhisayay otsypali oo qaaday malaayiin mitir cubic of ciidda. Taariikhda "KAMAZ" sii, oo hadda September 26, 1969 Wasiirka suuqa baabuurta ee Tarasov USSR ku saxiixay amar ah oo la magacaabay warshadda - Kama Automobile Plant. Dabayaaqadii September, waxaa loo magacaabay agaasimaha geedka Kama ah - Wasiir ku-xigeenka of suuqa baabuurta LB Vasiliev ah. Sidoo kale, formation of agaasimayaasha guud bilaabmaa September ee Moscow, HR iyo iibsiga. Horeba November, warshad uu ka yimaado kooxda koowaad ee shaqaalaha dhismaha. December 13 dhulka qoda Mikhail Noskov kiciyey uu baaldi koowaad ee ciidda at site dhismaha shayga ugu horeeya - tani waxay saldhig u ahayd warshadaha dhismaha. Taariikhda Tan waxaa loo tix-upka rasmiga ah ee dhismaha warshad Kama ah. dhismaha lahaa in ay qaataan meel weyn oo 22 km ^2.

horumarinta kaabayaasha

Wada jir ah ula dhismaha adag ee USSR ah si wax looga qabto dhibaatooyinka qoyska iyo bulshada. Thanks to boqolaal "KAMAZ" kun oo qof ay awoodaan in ay ka baxaan buulasha iyo qolalka in guryaha la wadaago, halkaas oo ay ku noolaan lahayd. Warshadda ayaa dadkan oo dhan wuxuu siiyey guri raaxo leh, dugsiyada casriga ah iyo xanaanada caruurta, jaamacadaha iyo hay'adaha kale ee waxbarasho. Markaasay waxay bilaabeen inay u muuqdaan goobaha dhaqanka, ciyaaraha iyo madadaalada, goobaha caafimaadka iyo in ka badan. Waxaa mahad geedka ku Kama ayaa abuuray xarun cilmi awood badan iyo in la horumariyo zone beeraha magaalada hareeraheeda ah.

Dhalashada halyeey

In bartamihii 60-ayaa si wayn kor tirada wadooyin laami ah - waxaa loo ogol yahay samaynta iyo injineerada inuu u muujiyo oo dhan faa'iidooyinka cab gaari kor engine ah. baabuurta Cabover jiray tan iyo '50s - waxaa inoo ogolaatay in la isticmaalo dhererka gaariga ku ool ah, aragti. Laakiin dhaqaalaha ee USSR ma dalbaday oo kaliya gaari xamuul ah, iyo dhaqaale oo hufan, kaas oo shaqayn karaan oo qayb ka ah baabuurta waddooyinka la xamuulka axial yar. Sidoo kale, baabuurta waa in lagu talagalay in loo adeegsado wax kasta oo goobaha cimilada.

Minavtoproma khubaro fuliyey waxbarashada iyo go'aansaday in baabuurka waa inaanu xamuulka ah oo miisaankeedu yahay ilaa 8 tan oo. Sidoo kale, waa in lagu diyaar u shootali oo kale, waxay leeyihiin saddex-dhidibka, waxay leeyihiin qubeyska ku yaal hoygaaga naaftada awood unit. Waayo, tan kasta oo miisaanka lagu tiriyaa aan ka yarayn 8 hooras. In '68 at warshadda ZIL lahaa si ay u horumariyaan kala duwan oo dhan baabuurta naaftada culus-waajib iyo cagaf, oo u diyaari wax soo saarka on warshad cusub baabuurka. In 69 uu daabacay amar ku saabsan abuuridda cusub matoorada leh awoodda 200 litir. a. Constructors ay bilaabeen horumar degdeg ah ka dib markii ay ciyaarta ku dhameysteen Zil-133. Abroad iibsaday baarka kala duwan oo heshiis goofo cabover. Inta badan injineerada Soviet yimid ay u dhadhamiyaan khariidad International 220. cabover, cab raaxo leh, powerplant naaftada awood fluidly kordhiyo, gudbinta shan xawaaraha la splitter, nidaam kala jejebiyey oo casri ah, kala duwan mezhosesovogo qufulka - waa sheekada baabuurka "KAMAZ".

ZIL-170 - awoowe u ahaa oo casri ah "KamAZ"

In May ee '69 jirto muunad baaritaan ugu horeysay, progenitor ee maanta "Kamaz" - ZIL-170. Imtixaanada waxa ay ahaayeen guulo, ka dibna soo saaray amar ah oo ku saabsan dhismaha warshadda weyn. Iyadoo dhisay adag warshadaha ee xafiiska design ka ZIL sidoo kale ka shaqeeyaan kasii - horumariyo baabuur casri ah oo cusub. In yar sano aan u suurtagashay in ay la abuuro oo ku saabsan 50 prototypes kala duwan iyo wax ka bedelida ay. Inta lagu jiro imtixaanka waxaa loo waxyooday ceebaha iyo dhibaatooyin badan. Markaas, sheekada baabuurta "KAMAZ" dhaqaaqay Moscow, on Dmitrov caddaynaya dhulka meesha tijaabiyey "Vesta Lada" iyo dhammaan baabuurta kale ee qoyska. Baaritaanka ka dib, qaar ka mid ah ZIL horumarinta tijaabooyinka dib ugu Yaroslavl tegey. Imtixaanada goobta ka caawisaa si ay u aqoonsadaan oo dhan qabsoomi. Ka dib markii dhibaatooyinka oo dhan la xalliyo, shirkii reer binu gaariga la aasaasay at goobaha of "KamAZ". Taariikhda gaariga sii. Baabuurta lagu tijaabiyey ee gobollada adag Midowga, on wadada dhiman - Baku, in qorqornaa Serpukhov.

engine ugu horeysay ee

In May ee '74 iyo workshop tijaabo soo ururay engine ugu horeysay. Conveyor suurtagashay inay taagaan tooda, laakiin waxa ay aheyd technology ku meel gaar ah. matoorrada Kuwan waxaa lagu rakibay ee 5320 ugu horreeya.

oo ahaa curadkii

The taariikhda oo ka mid ah baabuur "KAMAZ" - waa guusha iyo guuldarro, a badan oo ka mid ah xisaabaha, sawirada iyo imtixaanka. Sidaas daraaddeed, February 16, 1976 oo leh warshad soo giringiriyey off gaari ugu horeysay - "KAMAZ" 5320.

qorayaal

Kan ku Abuuray "KamAZ"? Taariikhda xusuustaa injineero ka ZIL. Tani Alexander Setranov, Vsevolod Vyazmin, George Fest. Waxaa sidoo kale si firfircoon uga qayb horumarinta naqshadeeye Leo qaaday Samokhin. Dabcan, tani ma aha liiska oo dhan kuwa ka qayb dhalmada ka mid ah baabuurta alaabta culus ugu horeysay. naqshadeeye ugu weyn ee warshadda - Vladimir Barun.

Taariikhda horumarka "KAMAZ"

Horeba '79 Warshadda uu noqday hoggaamiyaha dhab ka mid ah soo saarayaasha gaari dunida ee. Muga Production ahaayeen in ka badan 100 kun oo nuqul. Oo uu soo dhow yahay kiiska kaliya marka Midowga Soofiyeeti gaadheen dalalka reer galbeedka. Laga soo bilaabo mudadaas xamuulka gaadiidka "KAMAZ" ayaa noqotay madaxda run in gaadiidka xamuulka iyo shaqada dhismaha. mashiinada line-ka mid ah baabuur qashin qubka, cagaf, baabuur flatbed.

"KamAZ": daydo taariikhda

In 76-78-mada in warshadda soo saarta saddex daydo aasaasiga ah - 5320 xamuul ah oo leh awoodda qaadista of 8 tan oo ah, ka bedelidii ku saleysan uu gaari 5511 dhismaha awoodda qaadista a of 10 metrik, cagaf gaari 5410, awoodda ahaa 20 tons. Next lagu sameeyey toban-ton 53252 gaari la wheelbase la dheereeyey. Markaas - dumper beeraha iyo cagaf, oo loogu talagalay tareen -. 54112. Its awoodda ahaa 33 tan oo geedka maray ka jeedin-up labaad ee '81. Waxaan bilaabay in ay soo saaraan version 6-ton of 4310. waa model saldhiga diyaariyey ujeedooyin milatari oo la qalabeeyey gaari xarig culeys lugu koriyo ah. Sidoo kale ku salaysan model this ku abuuray beeraha 43105. In hore 80-mada ay model saldhig kasta ku qalabeysan yahay awoodda matoorrada sii faah of 220 litir. a. iyo gear 10-xawaaraha. By bartamihii 80s-warshadda kasbadeen dheeraad ah jiibta. Oo '88 million giringiriyey off gaariga. baabuurta Kuwaasu waxay ahaayeen aad loo jecel yahay, laakiin waxa ay la magac shisheeye la tartami kari wayeen, sidaa darteed waxaa la go'aamiyay inuu ku soo bilowdo horumarinta "KAMAZ" jiilka cusub.

Jiilkii labaad ee "KamAZ"

Taariikhda oo ka mid ah "KamAZ" ka bilaabmayaa in ay 80s daahay. Jiilkii labaad Mans unugyo cusub oo awood guriga la turbocharging. Laakiin sidoo kale la aasaasay iyo matoorada iyo qaybaha laga keeno. Si xooga dib uqaabaynta cab - waxay noqdeen raaxo badan. Si fudud u kicin saqafka iyo dalbatay qaar ka mid ah hagaajinta dhismaha. August 23, 90 Factory "KamAZ" galeen shirkad si wadajir ah stock jeestay, iyo '91 off giringiriyey 5425MA ah cagaf gaari xamuul ah laba-dhexaad la US Cummins engine in 325 hp. a. iyo qol Finnish ka Sisu.

dhibaatada

Taariikhda gaari "KAMAZ" geedka wuxuu ka kooban yahay guul iyo guul darro. In the 90s oo dhan dalka ayaa si suuqa dhaqaalaha, iyo dalka waxay bilaabeen inay u muuqdaan keeno baabuur. Warshad lahaa dhibaatooyin halis ah la iibiyo, oo taas oo horseeday in xiisadda. dhib ma keliyahu - in '93 waxaa yiil dab weyn ee dhirta engine ah. Waxa uu ku Qabanay dhaawac weyn.

maanta

Maanta, dhibaatada ay ka badan tahay, oo alaabta warshad in baahida mar kale.
Baabuurta waxaa loo isticmaalaa in qeybaha kala duwan ee dhismaha iyo gaadiidka xamuulka. A February 15, 2012 geedka la sii daayay laba millionth "KamAZ". History of mashiinada ee xamuulka aaddan tahay muddada badan oo waqti. In horumarka boqolaal injineerada iyo samaynta qayb qaatay. Iyo iyadoo aan loo eegayn sida xadgudbay kuwaas mashiinada for ergonomics, laakiin waqti in ay ahaayeen kuwa ugu fiican, oo sidaas ku hadhay oo sannado badan. Haddaba geedka si firfircoon iskaashi la injineerada Jarmal hoggaamineed ka "Mercedes". Sidaas darteed, si wadajir ah dadaalka "KAMAZ" maamula si ay u abuuraan cusub line shixnad cagaf iyo hab doorinta.