Tareen - waxa uu yahay waxan? Waa maxay aragtidooda

Tareen - nooc ka mid ah gaadiidka loo isticmaalo oo ay deggan CIS ka oo intaa ka badan haddii ay qabaan in ay u safraan meel ka baxsan degaanka. Isla mar ahaantaana, dadka dhowr ogahay in ka hor dhalashada of tareenka ee erayga "tareenka" ayaa ku baaqay nooc kale oo gaadiid. Aynu aad u ogaato waxa uu yahay, iyo in yar oo ogyahay taariikhda tareenada, aragtidooda.

Tareen - waxaa ...

Maanta, erayganu tareen of dhowr gaari oo ku lifaaqan tareenka ku xusan, taasoo keentay in tareenka oo dhan in mooshin. Sida caadiga ah, tareenka waa "madaxa" (laga bilaabo) iyo "dabada" (dhamaadka), labada dhinac ee kaas oo ku lifaaqan by tareenka a. Iyada oo ku xidhan oo ah tareen waa la barbaro gaadhifardoodkii, meesha uu ku "madaxa" iyo "dabada" ee tareenka waa la bedeli karaa.

By habka, qof kasta oo aan og yahay, laakiin xitaa tareenka oo aan baabuur khali, waxa uu sidoo kale waxaa loola jeedaa fikirka ah "tareenka".

In ka CIS, tirada tareenka, si looga fogaado jahawareer. Baabuurta ayaa sidoo kale ka heli tiro, oo waxay ku hadhi bedelin xitaa ay dhacdo in isbeddel ah "madaxa" ee tareenka.

Maxaa la odhan jiray "tareenka" ee la soo dhaafay

In Russia, erayga "tareenka" muuqday ka badan sidii hore ka badan aadmiga oo dhan ayaa lala iman lahaa tareenka. Oo wakhtigii jiray magaca kolonyo ah, oo ka kooban taxane ah oo gaadhifardood oo isku xigta (xilliga qaboobaha - gawadhi). tareenada Kuwan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu qaado raashin iyo hubkaygii dagaalka, iyo sidoo kale ganacsatada, si ay xoolahooda ka mid ah meesha ugu gacangeliyaan kale.

Iyada oo agaa of tareenka dadka caadiga ah ee Empire Ruush ah, erayga bilaabay in loo isticmaalo magaca labada tareenka iyo isaga for in lala baabuurta. By habka, baabuurta naftooda hore sii waday in ay soo wac shaqaalaha.

Waxa xiiso leh, in dareen la mid ah, ereyga "tareenka" maanta waxaa loo isticmaalaa oo kaliya inta lagu guda jiro xaflado aroos. Sidaas awgeed, waxaan soo wici israac oo shir of aroos ah, ka dib markii guriga aroosadda ee inuu kaxaysto iyadii xafiiska kaniisad ama diiwaanka.

Asalka ereyga

Magac "tareenka" - eray hooyo Ruush in la soo sameeyey magac "kortaan" ee, iyo ka hor in - ka "kortaan" falka (inuu u dhaqaaqo iyadoo la kaashanayo gaariga).

The fal aad isku jirey in af hoggamiye-Slavic. Sababtan awgeed waxa uu ka badbaaday in Yukreeniyaan casriga ah ( "їzditi"), Belarus ( "ezdzіts"), Bulgarian ( "yazdya"), Czech (jezdit), Poland (jeździć) iyo luqado kale Slavic.

tareenka ugu horeysay ee Empire Ruushka

In Europe, tareenka rakaabka ugu horeysay ee September 1830 la taaban karo Yurub markii ugu horaysay bilaabay ugu dhaqsiyaha badan ay ogaadeen sida ku haboon iyo wax ku ool ah, iyo ugu muhiimsan, qaab cusub oo raqiis ah ee gaadiidka, iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan aagga qariyeen dalalka ugu horumarsan ee tareenada ee net.

A dhowr sano ka dib markii uu tareen ugu horeysay la bilaabay, waa xiiso, iyo muwaadiniinta boqortooyadii Ruushka, oo waxay bilaabeen shaqada on abuurka ay tareenka u gaar ah.

Horeba in 1836 uu ahaa isku day the first to gelin tareenka on tareenka ka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dibna halkii tareenka uumi ah jiidaya gaadhiyaashii of tareen fardaha faaiidaysto. Ka dib markii baaritaano lagu guuleystay in 1837 la aasaasay oo tareen St. Petersburg - Tsarskoye Selo, kaas oo ay maamulaan on tareenka si gaar ah dhisay isaga. Waxaa xusid mudan in engine ee dhaqdhaqaaqa tareenada loo isticmaalo oo kaliya maalmaha fasaxa, iyo maalmaha halkii qayb ka mid ah baabuur hore-qabanqaabiyey jiido by a biraha faras-barbaro.

Waxaa xusid mudan in mudaaharaad ugu horeysay ee guul oo ka mid ah tareenka iyo awoodaha ay ka qayb qaatay horumarinta kaabayaasha this boqortooyadiisa, iyo bilowgii qarnigii cusub ee Russia ahaa network oo dhan ee tareenka.

Waa maxay noocyada tareenada ee CIS

Qoondaynta oo ah tareenada dhigay sababo kala duwan. In la fahmo waxa tareenka iska leh nooca, aad u baahan tahay in si cad loo ogaan uu xawaaraha, dhererka, miisaanka, kala duwan, wadada iyo nooca xamuulka.

• Sida laga soo xigtay xawaaraha tareenka waa: ugu (in ka badan 50 km / h) xawaaraha (140 km / h), xawaaraha sare (200-250 km / h) iyo dardargelinta (ma xawaaraha dhabta ah, laakiin waxa ay si deg deg ah guuro iyo xawaaraha si dhakhso ah, ma qaadaan rakaab) .
• By dhererka - sida caadiga ah oo aan koobab dlinnosostavnye, oo dhererkiisu wuxuu kor u kacay oo ku biiray dhowr tareenada.
• By miisaanka - superheavy iyo mass kordhay (6000 tons).
• In kala duwan - hareeraheeda, distal (150 km), si toos ah (raacay in ka badan laba waddooyinka), degaanka (wadada isku waxaa la socda in ka yar 700 km), dabamariyey, xaafadda (socday mid ka mid saldhigga in kale), kooxaha ( samatabbixin baabuurta saldhigyada kala duwan).
• By nooc ka mid ah tareenada xamuulka yihiin rakaabka, xamuulka (alaabooyinka), xamuulka, gruzobagazhnymi, boostada iyo boorsooyin iyo military.
• By joogto: xagaagan, hal mar, sannadka oo dhan.

"Tareenka" shuruudaha "station" Waa maxay xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya iyaga?

Ka fiirsaneysa theme ee tareenada, aan ka fikiri karaa in wax caynkaas ah sida "station". Inkastoo ay jiraan basaska, webiga, badda, hawada (madaarada), inta badan ee maskaxda oo ka mid ah muwaadiniinta fikradda waxa la xidhiidh dhow la tareenka. Xaqiiqada ah in safraya tareen ilaa maantadan la joogo ayaa weli ugu qiimo jaban uguna heli karo dadka shiidaa dal kasta oo ay jirto tareenada ah.

Station waa adag oo ah ka mid ah ama ka badan dhismayaasha, dhisay rakaabka adeegyada iyo alaabta ku kala sooca. Waxay waxaa la geeyaa dhibcood muhiim socda gaadiidka (in ay dhacdo tareenka - inta badan magaalooyinka waaweyn).

By dhaqan, saldhigyada kaliya ma fadhiisan karaan ama heli gaadiid kasta, laakiin sidoo kale si loo ogaado jadwalka tareenka, aad gadato tikidh xafiiska sanduuqa, ka tago boorsadaada qolka kaydinta, u tag musqusha ama cuno cafe a degaanka. Sidoo kale, saldhigyada badan waxay leeyihiin cuntaqda, qolalka madadaalada (ama hotel), halkaas oo qof walba oo rakaab sugi karo aad tareen ama nasasho iyo dhiig.