Theme The oo ka mid ah gabay iyo falanqaynta "Monument" Lomonosov

Halkee si ay u bilaabaan falanqaynta maansadu "Monument" Lomonosov our? Dhab ahaantii, idinkoo xukumaya by horyaalka, qayb taariikh ahaaneed ciyaaraa door muhiim ah ku jira. Sidee si ay u bilaabaan hab miyir nolosha of this dad aad u fiican?

Baxsaday habeenkii ee 1730kii ayaa guriga ka baxay si qarsoodi ka dhan qaraabada dhexe ee habeenkii nin 19-sano jir ah ... Ka hor isaga oo ka mid ah kumanaan jidka oo mile. Waxa uu ku labisan jaakad foolxuno, tuuray badan top of Qamiiskii Yuusuf. surto wadada, marka laga reebo xoogaa yar oo kibis iyo maaliyada oo dheeraad ah, ay Ooyintii ilaa dhamaadka maalmood ah u siiyey isaga inay by a Smotritsky naxwaha deriskiisa iyo xisaabta Magnitsky.

Yuu yahay, dhallinyarada shaqo Lomonosov "Monument" kaas oo, uu toddoba iyo toban sannadood ka dib soo qoray, u waxyoonay iyo dhiiri ugu fiican oo ka mid ah gabayayaashiinnu of Fatherland ah? dalxiisto The, kuwaas oo uu qabsashadii of Sciences bilaabay la been ka mid ah dokumentiyada caddaynaya inuu aqoonsi. Sidee ayaa rajeynaya, go'antahay sida badan! Xamaasadeysan, habeen iyo maalinba akhriska, iyadoo isticmaalka qofku content - dinaar maalin. Nin dhallinyaro ah oo leh xasuus cajiib ah oo ugu sarreeya IQ ah, lagu qasbay in ay ku noolaadaan ka soo qaado gacantii in ay afka, idinkoo cunaya oo kaliya kvass kibis ay haa tahay, laakiin weli ma badbaadinayo warqad iyo shumaca ...

Name University - kibirka Fatherland ah

Lomonosov ... "waxaan ka taagay tiir xusuus ah oo aan gacmo ..." - raaceen isaga ku haboon ka dib 90 sano ayaa sheegay in Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin. Aqoonsiga ee Mikhail Fatherland ah Vasilyevich, qof run ahaantii la yaab leh - si weyn. The saynisyahan Ruush hore - Saynisyahan-heer caalami ah, aqoonsan yahay lexicographer; aasaasihii dugsiga Ruush sayniska, astronomer ah; nin kuwaas oo aasaaskii geologist casriga Ruush, geographer, taariikhyahan, Abwaan dhigay ...

talanti hal abuur leh

Its qayb formation of Lomonosov qoray gabayo qaranka Ruushka. "Monument" .... Falanqaynta of Gabaygaan daaha ka qayb kaliya ee tayadiisa weyn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isagu ma uu kaliya ma laha hadiyad wayn suugaanta. Lomonosov cilmiyeysan joogta ah ee horumarinta talooyin wax ku ool ah nidaamsan u dhawaaqyo gabay ee Ruush, uu buugga cod karsanaa noqday albaab dunida ka mid ah gabayo galay Gabayaana badan ..

"Monument" Lomonosov - aayadda gaar ah. Wuxuu - shir quduus ah oo la yaab leh, sida ay u taagan, sida, in saamayn, ku gabyeen gabay sare. Uu shaqada - in ay si cad u soo koobaan sano oo shaqo gabay.

theme of gabay "Monument" Lomonosov ah - war qoraal ah oo ka mid ah door gobolka gabayada Ruushka, iyo - go'aanka mudnaanta ee versification ah. Mikhail noqday kaari ah suugaanta Ruush classical, statements iyada oo wadaninimo, mabaadiida, qiyamka, shakhsiyadda. Citizenship - taasi credo ee suugaanta in ayaa sheegay Lomonosov ( "Monument"). Gabay, kuwaas oo falanqayn waxyooday heybad, xoog hagaagaan tayo gabay ah oo ay qoraaga, waa arrin duwanyihiin in gabayada Ruush.

Ka dib markii nin afaf ka barto Jaamacadda horumarka Dowladda guud

Lomonosov "-dirirka" ee habayn la sharciyada "Art of Poetry" ayuu Horatian, calaamadeeyay dib u habaynta ee versification Ruush. In uu "taallo" Abwaan tilmaamo khiyaano aan jabiyay style Horatian, ayaa soo dhaweeyay dhismaha bulshada rayidka ah ee Russia ka yar Emperor Peter I.

fikrad wax soo saarka laftiisa waa ay jariiradu. Russia, for howlgalka taariikhiga ah, ee la xidhiidha Rome Saddexaad. Sidaas daraaddeed, in habayn la this, muunad ka ah geedi socodka ilbaxnimada suugaanta Ruushka si uu u eego, waayo taariikhda qadiimiga Rome! Waa macquulka this waa Lomonosov ( "Monument").

Gabay, kuwaas oo falanqayn ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in ay tahay dajinta Abwaan, taasoo muujinaysa doorka uu dalka u qalmo inuu ku mashquulin gabayada sare.

In qaabka "Monument" Lomonosov - aayadda qaadanin, il isagoo - ODE ay ku talinaysay Abwaan naiizvestneyshego suugaanta Roomaanka ee Quintus Horatius Flaccus. Sababo la this, qoraaga maamushaa si isku xiri qiyamka weligeed ah iyo jidka Ruush horumarinta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, fikrad ugu weyn ee turjumaad - u soo bandhigaan Jidka la mid ah ee horumarinta suugaanta ee Russia iyo Rome.

Faraqa u dhexeeya maamulaha Lomonosov ee "Monument" iyo ODE ku Horatian "Si Melpomene"

Mikhail, si taxadar leh ka zhiznestroitelnoy qiimaha isha asalka ah iyo manifesto bilicsanaanta la ilaashaa, waqti isku mid ah ka anakreontiki iska, sida lyrical ammaanta farxadda nolosha. Laba dhawaaq iambic, ku dhowaad isku jiib ah khadadka, oo isticmaalaya erayada si ula kac ah - diidan Lomonosov gaaro Hufnaan, iid, hadalkay qabtay oo fikirka ah. Oda ka duwan meter oo deggan iyo adkaysi strofikoy in la qeexo si nazyvaey "odic xeerkoodu". Waxaa ka dhawaajisay run ahaantii weyn leh.

xaaladda taariikhiga ah ee abuurka ah ee ODE

On kooxda, waxa uu noqon lahaa si taxadar la'aan ma u soo xasuusatid duruufaha taariikhi ah taas oo gabay la qoray. In Yurubta Bari, si ay 40-s ee qarnigii XVIII ah oo sabab u ah dib u habaynta ku Petra Velikogo dhisay xoog leh, dhexe Ruush Empire, ka qaybgale firfircoon ee geedi socodka siyaasadeed ee digsiga-Yurub. Hirgalinta habaynta gobolka siiyaa in ay ka gudbaan backwardness farsamo iyo dhaqaale ee dalalka Yurub taasoo keentay: Netherlands, Sweden, Germany, France. abtirsan Ruush, fasalka talada haya ayaa waxaa la aasaasay oo ku biiray dhaqanka Yurub. Vosled quruunta u-dhiska, isbedel nidaamsan looga dhigay iyo fanka iyo, suugaanta gaar ah.

Peter waxaan dhab u suurtagashay ilaa kicin iyo abaabul abuurka ah ee dalka u weyn in tezisno carrabaabay in uu ODE "Monument" Lomonosov. Gabaygaan xambaarsanyahay, dabeecad aad u ixtiraam leh ee islaaxiyiinta Emperor na sida "difaacaneysa ee dadka." Waxaa laga yaabaa in sababta uu hoos ugu tegey, sida Peter weyn ee taariikhda? In aan ku xuso xaqiiqada ah ugu horeysay ee Russian Emperor Mikhail qeexaysaa sanamkiisa, marka la barbardhigo gooyo Roman Davnusom.

Hagaajiyayaal Lomonosov gabayada, Horace. "Monument" - taajka shaqadooda

Labada Abwaan: qoraaga oo ka mid ah "taallo" asalka iyo qoraaga oo uu suuqa kala iibsiga, iyo Horace, iyo Lomonosov - Hagaajiyayaal yihiin kasta oo ay nidaamka qaranka ee versification. Horace eegidda iska leh si ay u isticmaalaan Alcaic in gabayada Latin. Lomonosov - hordhaca ah ee mabda'a Ruush syllabic-tonic versification, horumarinta daydo ee dhismayaasha kala duwan jiibta gabayada Ruush. Pushkin ahaa oo aan weli dhalan, iyo tetrameter iambic, sida, runtii, iyo mabaadi'da versification, hore ayaa la diyaariyey. Sidee ayaad u malaynaysaa waa maxay? Su'aasha, dabcan, xogsiin ah ...

Sida dhise ah, afka hooyo uu, sida nin afaf ka barto a, saynisyahan, Mikhail si nidaamsan loo bedelay, iyo in xaqiiqda ah - waxa uu abuuray cod karsanaa ee af Ruush.

odes The fikrad of Horace «Exegi monumentum ...»

huraanka yaab transformations suugaanta ee Russia, Mikhail Vasilyevich go'an, iyada oo ururka ka mid ah gabayada Laatiin ee Horace in da'da dahab ah oo suugaanta Roman. Falanqaynta la barbar dhigo gabay University "Monument" tan iyo markii uu noqday yaqaan tan iyo Renaissance, ODE 30 Horatian ( «Exegi monumentum ...») this Xaqiijiyay.

Its abuure hoos taariikhda sida Abwaan muwaadin tegey, falsafad qeexo meeshiisii taariikhda iyo gobolka. (Wuxuu keenay ODE si ay qayb ka mid saddexaad oo "gabayo of science" Shaqada ugu weyn.) Isaga oo ugu muhiimsan: Abwaan barbaro ujeedadii abuurka ee gobolka, iyo dawladda, markeeda, wuxuu aqbalaa ka soo image gaar ah oo ku ladhan, dhawaaqayay warkiisiina wuxuu gaadhay, soo jiidashada.

Waa maxay mudnaanta ee Horace dunida gabayada? Horace, ninkii "oo iska dhigay" abuuraha cilmiga ee farshaxanka gabayada, ogaaday in dunida oo dhan, "waxaa jira meelo, ma xardhay dhagax." Haddii ay boqorro iyo Fircoon isu sii hurin dhismeedka cyclopean, Abwaan - sayidkiisa music abuurey ay xasuusta "Calaamooyinka gashado dhimashola'aanta" ruuxi - shuqulladoodu. shuqullada Kuwanu waa Xisbiyada Mucaaradku, taabashada nafaha dadka qarniyada oo kala duwan, ay keenaan fikrado iyo ururada. Sayidka, magaca Abwaan ma geli noqodo. fikrad Tani waxa ay ahayd Roman weyn ayaa dhab ahaan ku dhawaaqay in uu ODE "Si Melpomene".

Noocan oo kale ah Horatian, laakiin habeeyaa gaarka Ruush, views on gabayada rido shuqulkiisa "Monument" Lomonosov. Gabay laga yaabaa epigraphe ah «Sapere aude» ( «samaysan maskaxdaada si ay u iibsadaan xigmad"). siyaabo Vision Vasilyevich Mikhailov horumarinta suugaanta Ruush waxaa ku dhowaad beegantay Horatian ah. Markaasaa waxaa taas ay jirto xaqiiqda ah in Lomonosov iyo Horace wadaago shan iyo toban boqol oo sano!)

Taariikhda u stanzas ee Horace ayaa lagu heli ...

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 250 sano ka hor dhalashada Lomonosov Abwaan Talyaani Francesco Petrarca, loo yaqaan tirada Catholic ee Renaissance bixiyay Talyaani, ayaa hore u abuuray, kulma saameynta ay Horace, gabayo uu (sonnets, Sestina, madrigals, canzone). The ugu caansan ee dhaxalkooda hal abuur leh oo ka mid ah gabayayaashiinnu Roman Yurub, iyo sidoo kale Mikhail Vasilyevich ahaa buug Horatian saddexaad "Science ee Poetry", taas oo kaliya waxaa ku jira ODE ee "Si Melpomene".

Lomonosov - aasaasihii goratsionskoy ku dhaqan suugaaneed

Falanqaynta of gabay "Monument" University oo ku saabsan mugga ee tobanaan jeer ka badan tirada gabay ka sii weyn. Waa gaaban ah, laakiin aad u capacious. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, gabay ee ku dhow Mikhail xagga ruuxa ka ODE caanka "Si Melpomene" Quintus Horatius Flaccus.

Abuur turjumaad ah ee asalka ah ee shuqullada Roman, laftiisa Mushrikiin kale, halka in midani iyada kaalin gaarka ah si ay suugaanta ... Tani dhaqan gabay Horatian u abuuray Lomonosov. xaq Moral in ay sii wadaan wax yar waxay lahayd gabayaa Ruush Derzhavin, Pushkin, Bruce, Mayakovsky, Gamzatov Vysotsky.

Horeba XVIII ah - qarnigii XIX, uu abuuray taallo kasta Derzhavin, Pushkin, Lomonosov. Waa maxay nooca arrimuhu loo arki karaa in loo badalo oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda taallo in ay taallo Pushkin? shaqada Lomonosov ayaa si rasmi ah - Roman iyo Pushkin sidoo kale si gaar ah kula hadlay "ku saabsan Russia weyn." Waxaa laga yaabaa in kaliya Alexander Sergeevichem macquulka ah wax soo saarka gudaha ku kaydsan, oo waxaa loo gudbinayaa tiir Alexandria sida is barbardhig.

iid ah ee ODE

Falanqaynta of maansadu "Monument" Lomonosov si rasmi ah noo redirects in siidaynta Horace guulaha ay gabayo, aqoonsan bulshada Roman iyo gobolka. Iyaga ku dhiiradeen ka dib weyn Roman, liisaska iyo Mikhail. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaan la soco in Lomonosov ma aha karaaniga a - dheeraad ah. Just asalnimada mudnaanta Iskudar lomonosovkogo oo ka mid ah Roman Empire weyn ka hor inta waarid ma aha in indha ay sheeko. Asalnimada of fikradda ah Mikhail in la isticmaalayo marka la barbardhigo naftiisa la Horace, iyo Russia la Rome, si ay u sheegaan dadweynaha guud oo ku saabsan guulaha uu shaqada. isaga qudhiisuse wuxuu ku leeyahay mudnaanta la mid ah uu lieraturoy Horatian! Sayidka, shiidaa aayadda kasta oo uu ku qoray darey isaga u gaar ah ula Russia iyo qofka la xidhiidha.

Falanqaynta of gabay "Monument" Lomonosov ku qoran ODE in ay ku sifayn ah, Hagidda nebudnichnost iid qoraalka - muuqaalada caan ku ODE. Aayadahani waxay soo jeedin ay reading dadweynaha.

Mashruuca Lomonosov suugaanta Ruush sida "calaamad u ah inuu gashado dhimashola'aanta"

In ODE hordhaca ah ee Mikhail qoray oo ku saabsan abuurka ah ee ku ladhan "calaamad waaridda." Waa maxay tan micnaheedu ee la xiriirta mudnaanta ay suugaanta, kaalin sida ay u tahay ee Horace?

Dhab ahaantii, oo ku saabsan howlgalka ka mid ah abuurista afka ah ku amartay Ruush ay nidaamka style u gaar ah toogasho ah, mabaadi'da versification habboonaanta, noocyo horumariyo nidaam isku xidhan, waxa oo dhan keeno calaamad - calaamad wuxuu leeyahay Lomonosov ( "Monument"). Falanqaynta of muhiimadda ay u hoggaansan ee ka qayb qaateen si slovestnosti ku gurya beelay waxyooday aqonsado ee classicism Ruush. Marka la barbardhigo classicism Yurub, Ruush qarnigii XVIII ayaa iskuma aadan hallayn horumarinta xeerkii qoyska suugaanta. Laakiin Lomonosov waxaa la sameeyey by ay xigsiin. Taasi waa, in Mikhail Vasilievich mahad, in Ruush qarnigii XVIII ah suugaanta aragti ka hor iyada dhaqanka.

Abwaan waa dhiman, waddankiisa

Halkan waxaa ku qoran sida ay "calaamad weligeed ah" a run ahaantii - Nidaamka kaamil ah versification siisay oo dhan gabayaaga - dhaxla uu Lomonosov. Ka dib oo dhan, af Ruush weyn waa out of time. Waxaa lagu nuuxnuuxsaday Abwaan - Saynisyahan loola jeedaa astaanta guud ahaan loo yaqaan waaridda - Silanyo ee. Farshaxanka Lomonosov "Monument" doodaysaa in qaddar ee Abwaan - Muwaadin ku xidhay by xiriirka aan la tirin karin oo ay hooyo, waxaa sidoo kale kala saari Karin xidhiidh la. Waxa uu, sida Antaeus halyeeyga, inaan ka dhaansado xoog ka dalkoodii hooyo. abuurka High kuma tiirsanaan karo gobolka iyo waa in ay u adeegaan, ayaa sheegay in Mikhail.

Waa maxay University shakhsiyad la mid ah oo Horace?

Sida soo socota oo ka tirsan jaamacadda xusuus shaqeeya on gabay "Monument", ayuu, sida gabayaa, dhexgalin content ee ODE Horatian, ayaa la kulmay nooc ka mid ah xigaalkayaga jinni oo la Horace. Like Abwaan Roman, Mikhail mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed ka ceegaagta dabaqa ugu hooseeya bulshada bilaabay. In shaqo ee labada Abwaan dareemay dhalashada darajadana ku xiga. Labada iyaga ka mid ah waa ay dabiicadda ayaa workaholics oo ay waayo-aragnimo ee versification - waxtar leh Gabayaana kale.

Helitaanka guranayaan of line ee Lomonosov ee "Monument", kaas oo si rasmi ah ay timaado ka Abwaan Roman ayaa, run ahaantii dareemaan in ay wax ugu tomato la Russia ee qarnigii XVIII ah, ay gabayada.

shaqada University sii gabayaaga

Waxa uu, sida Horace, oo aan Furuujtooda been ah oo ay ujeeddo dhigma ka qayb suugaanta raacay, ie, mustaqbalka habka suugaanta. Waxa uu ka warqaba - shuqulkiisu yahay doonaa in baahida mar walba, guulihii uu ku qeexay tilmaamaha ugu weyn ee horumarka ah gabayo, taas oo shaki sii wadi doonaa in kuwa raacsan. Sidaa darteed, Lomonosov, xigsadey ka dib markii Roman weyn, labaad "ma waxaan u dhimanayaa ..." Waxa uu, ka dib markii Horace, xidhana ay ammaan ilaa ammaan ee gobolka. In maansadu Lomonosov erayga "Rome" u adeegsanayaa, in kastoo hoos akhristaha dhakhso u arka "Russia".

gunaanad

aayadda Falanqaynta "Monument" University nagu qaadataa waqti marka gabayada Ruushka classical marxalad koboca. Waxa aan weli la qurxiyey Galaxy a mid ah gabayayaashiinnu cajiib qarnigii XIX ah: NA Nekrasov, Lermontov, Tyutchev, Pushkin. Waxaan aan maqlay iyada erayada ay tiiraanyo leh, wacaya dadka wanaagga, caddaalad, iyo aadanaha ...

Laakiin ha iloobin in Galaxy dahabkii Ruush ah gabayayaashiinnu ka Jaamacadda helay hadiyad qiimo - aragti isku xidhan ee hadalkiisaa iyo in la horumariyo ka xeerarka Abwaan-aqoonyahan ah versification. Pushkin ee tetrameter iambic ayaa la Been abuurtay shaybaarka hal abuur leh ee Mikhail Vasilyevich.

University kaalin qiimo la dafiri karin in gabayada Ruush waxaa kaliya na tusaya inuu gabay "Monument".