Tyuring Alan: Biography, photos, shaqada. Kaloy Sayniska Kombiyuutarka

Alan Turing Mathison - cilmiga dunida-caan ah hanad, baxsadeen oo code ah, waxay horyaal u ah computer science, nin la aayahooda la yaab leh, taas oo uu saameyn weyn ku saabsan horumarinta technology computer.

Alan Turing: Biography gaaban

Alan Mathison Turing ku dhashay London on June 23, 1912. Aabbihiis Yulius Tyuring ahaa sarkaal gumeysiga kuwaas oo u dhashay adeegga madaniga ah ee Hindiya. Waxaa uu kula kulmay iyo guursaday si Alan hooyadiis - Ethel Sara. Waalidku waxay ahaayeen joogto ah u deggan ee India sida carruurta (Alan iyo John, walaalkiis ka weyn) ku baray guryaha gaarka loo leeyahay ee England, halkaas oo ay ka heleen barbaarinta adag.

Awooddiisa ah inuu dulmi cilmiga , Alan mar tusay inta lagu guda jiro geeduhu. Si loo helo ansixinta aabbihiis, wiilka dhibka badnayn by sabab u heli waayeen malab dibadeed. Si taas loo gaaro, ayuu ogan khadadka on kaas oo bees waxaa lagu duulaya, iyo jihada ay duulimaadka. Markaas, maskax kordhin khadadka, waxaan helay ay hal dhibic ka mid ah isgoyska, halkaas oo uu ka helay godkii leh malab.

awood aad u fiican, si ay cilmiga saxda ah Alan muuqday inta ay waxbarashadu uu dugsiga la qaderiyo Shernborskoy. In 1931, sida wiil aqoonyahan xisaabeed waxbarashadiisa ka sii watay King ayaa College, Jaamacadda Cambridge. In uu sha on dhamaadka Aragtida dhexe xadka of itimaalka, kaas oo la nasakhay, iyagoo aan ogayn jiritaanka shaqo hore la mid ah. In dugsiga, Alan jiray College Science ee bulshada, inuu sha waxaa la guddoonsiiyey abaalmarinta gaar ah. Tani ninkii dhallinyarada siiyey fursad wanaagsan oo si aad u hesho deeq waxbarasho iyo eryan is-fulinta oo duurka ku ah cilmiga saxda ah.

mashiinka Turing

In 1935, cilmiga Alan Tyuring ugu horeysay ay isticmaalaan awoodooda berrinkii macquulka xisaabeed oo bilaabay in ay sameeyaan cilmi-baarista, taas oo ay muujiyeen natiijo la taaban karo sano ah. Waxa uu soo bandhigay fikradda ah function computable, oo la dhaqan galin karaa waxa loogu yeero mashiinka Turing. qabyada ah ee qalab this leeyahay dhamaan muuqaalada aasaasiga ah ee lagu daydo oo casri ah (talaabo dabcan tallaabo tallaabo ah, xusuusta, software control) iyo jiray noocooda ah ee computer ah digital, been abuurto toban sano ka dib. In 1936, xisaabyahan Alan Turing dhaqaaqay America iyo curator deggan Jaamacadda Princeton, 1938 waxa uu shahaadada dhakhtarka falsafada oo ku soo laabtay Cambridge, ayaa diiday dalab xisaabyahan ah John von Neumann inuu sii joogo oo ka shaqeeya dugsiga ku xigeen.

hawlgalka British "Ultra"

Isla muddadaas, Britain ku dhawaaqay barnaamijka hawlgalka "Ultra", ujeedada taas oo ahayd in wiretaps duuliye Jarmal iyo fasiraadda. Arrinta ku lug waxa uu ku yaalaa xafiiska London ee dugsiga dawlada ee codes iyo ciphers (Chief encryption laanta sirdoonka Britain), taas oo ay sabab u tahay cabsida weerarro faashistihii waxaa si deg deg ah loo qaaday Bletchley Park, oo ku taalla bartamaha of England.

Maanta Waxaa ku yaala Museum of coders iyo technology computer. Waa meel qarsoodi ah dhexda helo xarumaha helay sirdoonka on joogta ah maalin walba, tirada farriimo ku suntan ee kun ee unugyada. Waayo, qoraal kasta soo socda go'an: inta jeer ee radio, taariikhda, wakhtiga dhexda iyo ludba. In dambe ka kooban kaararka aqoonsiga ee shabakada, calaamada call saldhigga aqbaliddoodii iyo diraha, wakhtiga farriin ka dirayno.

Winston Churchill - Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Ingiriiska - wuxuu u bixiyey Bletch Park aad hen in ay dhigaan ukunta oo dahab ah. Madaxa mashruucan waa Alastair Denniston - halyeeyga ah sirdoonka ciidanka. cryptanalysts Shaqaalaha, ayuu faa'iiday ma shaqaalaha sirdoonka iyo khabiiro ah profile ballaaran: xisaabyahannada, Shaqaalaha, jeska, Egyptologists, kooxda heysata horyaalka ee xalinta xujjooyinka. In koox kala duwan oo tayo leh sida a ahaa xisaabyahan ah Alan Turing.

Turing ka gees ah "arkaan"

Division Turing ayaa lagu eedeeyay shaqo gaar ah: qoraalka Windows XP shaqeeyaan, la abuuro qalab "arkaan" - mashiinka, xiranayo ee Netherlands ee 1917 iyo markii hore loogu talagalay in lagu ilaaliyo hawlaha bangiyada. daydo Kuwan waxaa si firfircoon loo isticmaalo gudbinta farriimaha radio Wehrmacht in howlgallada ay sameeyeen ciidamada badda iyo hawada. Ciphers "arkaan" in bilowgii dagaalkii labaad ee dunida waxay ahaayeen ugu awoodda badan caalamka. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in xitaa crack iyaga ku dhowaad aan macquul ahayn.

Si loo fahmo qoraalka encoded, looga baahan yahay si ay u helaan mashiinka la mid ah, in la ogaado goobaha ay asalka, la xiro xarfaha si gaar ah in guddiga isgaarsiinta, iyo wax kasta oo waxaa maamula dhinaca ka soo horjeeda. In qiimaha this la dhasha maskaxda ku haysaa in mabaadiida furaha sirta iyo bedelay hal mar maalintii. Imayladad Wehrmacht ah isku dayeen in ay adkayn nidaamka la isugu gudbiyo laftiisa cryptanalysis: Length Message waa in aan ka badnayn 250 characters, iyo iyaga oo ku wareejiyay waraaqaha of 3-5 kooxood.

cryptographers shaqo adag uu hogaaminayo Turing ahaa guul, waxaa la abuuray qalab in aqrisan kara calaamadaha "arkaan." Waxa intaa dheer in dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee tricks xisaabta, sida talooyin waxaa loo isticmaalaa weedho ka ekaansho la mid ah oo lagu gaadhsiiyo ee Jarmalka, iyo qoraalka kasta oo soo noqnoqda. Haddii talooyin ay yihiin kuwo aan ku filan, soo horjeeda iyaga kaga xanaajiyey. Tusaale ahaan, in aan wadno a miino qayb ka mid ah badda, ka dibna ay dhegaysan weedhaha of Jarmalka oo ku beegnaa this.

Guusha Alan Turing

Sidaas darteed shaqada u cabbudhinayo ee 1940 waxaa la aasaasay cryptanalytic Alan Turing Machine "bam", taas oo ah golaha wasiirada weyn (miisaanka - hal ton, guddi hore - 2 x 3 mitir, rotor 36 kooxood oo ay dusheedana saaraan). Isticmaalka qalabka looga baahan yahay xirfadaha gaarka ah iyo si toos ah ay ku xidhan tahay isreebreebka ee shaqaalaha iyo adeegga. In Bletchley Park waqti waxaa loo aasaasay in ka badan laba boqol oo ka mid ah mashiinada oo u oggolaan in ay rayi ku saabsan 2-3 kun oo ah maalin kasta.

Tyuring Alan ahaa ku faraxsan shaqadooda iyo natiijooyinka. Waxa kaliya oo lur ah masuuliyiinta maxalliga ah iyo si ay u dhinto miisaaniyaddooda. Nasiib wanaag, ka dib markii taxane ah oo mashruuca qoraalada rasmiga cadhooday gacanta ku Winston Churchill, in ay kordhin doonto lacagaha. "Arkaan" encryption iyo mashiinada kale Jarmal way wada jajabeen, Xulafada waxay ahaayeen in laga war hayo socodka siman sirdoonka qiimo leh awood.

Jarmalka ka badan hal sano wax fikrad ah kama saabsan jiritaanka "Qaraxyo", oo ka heli dillaac ah, ayaa sameeyey dadaal wayn si loo kordhiyo kakanaanta ee sirta.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Turing aan cabsi, waayo, taasu waa wax fudud si ay ula qabsadaan dhibaato cusub, iyo lix todobaad gudahood Ingiriiska lahaa helitaanka macluumaadka cadowga.

cipher halaynta Absolute inta lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida ma aha in shaki, Jarmalka, ilaa iyo dhamaadka raadinta sababta baxsiga ah warbixin qiimo leh meel kasta, kaliya ma ah ee "arkaan". Shaacinta "arkaan" code qoto dheer koorsada ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida bedelay. warbixin qiimo leh ma caawin kaliya ilaalin u hayaamay Britain, laakiin sidoo kale in ay tababar ku habboon in howlgallada oo baaxad weyn oo qaaradda, la qorsheeyey by kooxda Jarmalka. guul cryptographers British ahaa gacan ka geysasho muhiim in guushii ay ka gaareen naasigii, iyo Tyuring Alan si toos ah in 1946 helay abaalmarinta in Order of Boqortooyada Ingiriiska.

hanad computer Eccentricities

Saffarro tilmaamay Turing sidii nin wax yar lala yaabo, aan aad u soo jiidasho badan, xammeeti quruxsan oo weligiis u shaqeeya.

• In xasaasiyad, Tyuring Alan xasaasiyadda maaskaro door bidayo. In waxa, oo wuxuu aaday inuu xafiisyada dhirta ubax. Waxaa laga yaabaa in this sharxayaa ka siibadan qariibnimo in lagu saameeyay saamaynta dhinaca daroogada - kuwaas oo, hurdo.
• Muuqaal kale oo goob joog ka ahaa ee xisaabta ee la xiriirta inuu baaskiil, oo dura qaar ka duulay silsilad. Tyuring Alan, inuusan dooneynin inuu iyada doonnida kula macaamiloon, fikirka jirsado lugtooda waqtiga saxda ah iyo ka silsilad baaskiilka toosinta hubka hoos.
• bakeerigaagu u gaar ah ee Bletchley Park, saynisyahan a talented ka lushaan in circuit batteriga, in aan la soo xaday.
• Nolosha Cambridge, Alan marnaba gelin saacad ah in waqtiga saxda ah, maskax wuxuu ku tusay, qamaar meesha uu xiddig qaarkood.
• Marka Alan bartay oo ku saabsan dayrta dabcan pound Ingiriiska, ayuu dhalaalay ee lacagta birta ah la heli karo iyo lagu aasay buljoonka lacagtii keentay meel park ee, ka dibna gebi ahaanba la illoobay meeshaan ku dhuunto.
• Turing ahaa nin orodada ku wanaagsan. Dareen baahida loo qabo in dacwad lagu soo oogo, ayuu ka orday masaafada dheer, si loo ogaado in naftooda si fiican ugu Isboortiga. Markaas, in rikoor waqti aan ku guuleystay fog 3- iyo 10-mile oo ah kooxda, iyo in 1947 shanaad kaalinta orodka maaradoonka ee.

Eccentricities ee Alan Turing, kuwaas oo adeegyada waa qiimo Britain, dhowr ka dhigay dhacdhaco. asxaabta badan oo soo xusuustaa farax iyo xamaasad leh oo hanad computer science waxay kor u qaadeen wax xiiso ah in uu fikrad. Turing fiirsaday si ixtiraam weyn, sida uu asalnimada oo fikirka iyo sirdoonka adiga kuu gaar ah u istaagay. xisaabyahan A talented, isagoo oo dhan sameynayo macalin u qalma, karti u leeyihiin xallinta iyo sharax kasta oo la heli karo, xataa hawsha ugu aan caadi ahayn.

Alan Turing: Kaalinta si computer science

In 1945, Alan diiday in ay ka shaqeeyaan oo bare ka dhiga jaamacadda Cambridge, iyo ka talo-qaato M. Newman biiray Physical Qaranka Laboratory, oo wakhtigaas la aasaasay koox ee design iyo abuurka ah ACE - computer. Muddo 3 sano (1945 in 1948) - muddada jiritaanka kooxda - Turing sameeyey Dakatu ugu horeysay oo wuxuu ka dhigay qaar ka mid ah talooyin muhiim ah ay design.

Report on saynisyahan ACE siiyey gudiga fulinta ee NFL ee March 19, 1946. In note ah ee la socda ku lifaaqan, waxa uu sheegay in shaqada ku salaysan yahay mashruuca EDVAG. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mashruuca lahaa tiro badan oo ah fikrado qiimo leh in si toos ah waxaa iska lahaa xisaab Ingiriisi ah.

Software waayo computer ugu horeysay sidoo kale ku qoran Alan Tyuring. Kombuyuutarada aan shaqada u cabbudhinayo of this aqoonyahan tayo aan gaadhayn heer sida maanta oo kale. Isla mar ahaantaana, iyo barnaamijkii ugu horreeyay chess la qoray.

Bishii September 1948, Alan Turing, kuwaas oo Biography waa uu nool yahay ayaa lala xiriiriyay xisaabta, ayuu wareejiyay in ay ka shaqeeyaan at the University of Manchester. Magac, waxaa loo magacaabay agaasime ku-xigeenka kombiyuutarada shaybaarka, dhab ahaantii, tiro la mid ah waaxda xisaabta ee M. Newman, oo mas'uul ka ah barnaamijyada ahaa.

kaftan nasiib xumo

Ingiriisi xisaabyahan ah, kuwaas oo dagaalka ka dib sii, caqliga ka shaqeeya, waxaa la keenay hawsha cusub, si rayi code Soviet. Halkaa marka ay marayso, qaddar ciyaaray kaftan aan naxariis lahayn la Turing. Maalin maalmaha ka mid gurigiisa waxaa lagu dhacay. Tuuggu tagay waraaq digniin ahaa heer sare ah loo baahnayn in booliska, laakiin cadhoodeen Alan Turing si degdeg ah ugu baaqay in ay goobta. In koorsada of baaritaanka waxaa la ogaadey in tuug uu ahaa saaxiib la ah lover Alan ee. Inta lagu guda jiro marag Turing lahaa inaan qirto ay qaniis yahay, in gelin sannadahaas ahaa fal dambiyeed ee England.

tijaabo weyn ku ah culimada si fiican u yaqaan in ay sii wadaan muddo dheer. Wuxuu ayaa lagu casuumay si ay content xabsi laba sano ah, ama therapy hormone in laga takhaluso of rabitaan galmo.

Alan Turing (photo kor ku xusan sannadkii la soo dhaafay) doortay dambaysta ah. Natiijada daaweynta ka mid ah daroogada ee ugu awoodda badan, kaas oo socday muddo sannad ah, at Turing horumartay impotence, iyo gynecomastia (wayneeyo naasaha). Dambi silcin Alan saaray shaqada ka qarsoon. Intaa waxaa dheer, British ka cabsadeen in khaniisiinta la shaqaalaysiiyay karo by basaasyo Soviet. Saynisyahanka eedeeyay basaasnimo ma aha, laakiin ka hadlayaan uu shaqada Bletchley Park reebay.

Apple Alan Turing

Story of Alan Turing ee murugo in xudunta: hanad xisaabta laga eryay adeegga iyo reebay inaan baro. Sumcadiisa waxaa si joogto ah waxyeelo. At 41 Ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa ayaa waxaa laga tuurey tuuray laxanka caadiga ah ee nolosha, tagay oo aan shuqulkiisa la jecel yahay, la soo gunaanadeen ah nabar iyo caafimaadka Khasaarteen. In 1954, Alan Turing, kuwaas oo Biography iyo hadda qabsadey maskaxda dad badan, ayaa maydkiisa laga helay gurigiisa, iyo nightstand ee sariirta ag jiifay tufaax qaniino. Sida ka leexatay ka dib, waxaa la buuxiyey oo la cyanide. Tan iyo Alan Turing leydin goobta ka sheeko cirfiid jecel "Snow White" in 1937. Sida ay sheegayaan wararka qaar ka mid ah, tani waa sababta midhaha uu noqday astaanta ah ee dunida oo dhan "Apple" Shirkadda caanka ah computer. Intaa waxaa dheer, Apple weli waa calaamad u ah dembiga, aqoon Kitaabka Qudduuska ah.

version rasmiga ah ee dhimashada xisaab a talented - ismiidaamin ah. Alan hooyadiis rumeysan yahay in lagu sumoobo uu ahaa shil, maxaa yeelay, had iyo jeer Alan qasdin la kiimikada ka shaqeeya. Waxaa jira version a in Turing si ula kac ah u doortay sidan of baxsanaya nolosha, si loo suurtogeliyo in hooyooyinka aan rumeynin ismiidaamin ah.

Dayactirka xisaab Ingiriisi ah

xisaabyahan weynaa oo ahaa darjada dayactirey. In 2009, Ra'iisul wasaaraha Britain Gordon Brown ayaa raaligelin caddibaadda soo gaaray by hanad sayniska kombiyuutarka. In 2013, waxaa si rasmi ah Turing saamaxay waayo eedeeyay fisqu iyo Elizabeth II - Queen of Great Britain.

shaqada Alan Turing ee been ma aha oo kaliya in horumarinta tiknoolajiyadda macluumaadka: dhamaadka nolosha cilmiga naftiisa u huray in su'aalo ah biology, kuwaas oo - wuxuu bilaabay inuu si ay u horumariyaan aragti kiimikada ee morphogenesis, kaas oo siiyey play buuxa in isku darka ee awood u leh inay si sax ah oo hibada xisaabyahan, Faylasuuf, ka buuxa fikrado asalka ah. The Dakatu koowaad ee aragtida ah ku tilmaamay in warbixinta hordhaca ah ee 1952 iyo warbixin muuqday ka dib dhimashadii cilmiga ee.

Abaalmarinta ugu qiimaha badan oo duurka ku ah computer science waa "Turing Award". Her abaalmarinta waxaa sannad walba lagu sameeyo Association for barashada Kombiyuutarka Makiinado. Kafaala abaalmarintan, taas oo caddadka ay hadda marayso 250, 000, shirkad Google iyo Intel. Koowaad ee abaalmarinta muhiim ah oo caynkaas ah in 1966 waxaa la guddoonsiiyey Alan Perlis ee abuuraya compilers.