Waa maxay Heshiiska Atlantic ah?

April 4, 1949 Maraykanka iyo qaar ka mid ah dalalka kale ee hantigoosi ah u saxiixay Heshiiska Atlantic. Qoraalkan waxa ku noqday barta laga bilaabo abuurka ah ee NATO. Ereyga "Atlantic Heshiiska" waxaa loo isticmaalay in Midowga Soofiyeeti, halka dhex sokeeye uu si rasmi ah loo yeedhay Atlantic Treaty Waqooyiga.

In 1949, warqad uu ka bixinin Maraykanka, France, United Kingdom, Denmark, Belgium, Italy, Iceland, Luxembourg, Holland, Norway, Portugal iyo Kanada. Tartiib tartiib heshiis ku biiro dalalka cusub. Markii ugu danbeysay ee 2009, waxaa ka mid ah isbahaysiga Croatia iyo Albania.

Mabda'a difaaca wadareed

heshiis aasaasiga ah NATO ayaa soo saaro ee sano ee ugu horreeya ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. dalalka ka qayb noqday sokeeye si loo hubiyo in ay ammaanka u gaar ah. Atlantic Heshiiska koobnaa noocyo kala duwan oo qabanqaabada, laakiin muhiimka ah ee ay macnaha la odhan karaa waa mabda'a difaaca wadareed. Waxay ka koobnayd in waajib ku ah Dowladaha Xubnaha ka inay wax ka qabtaan difaaca lamaanahooda NATO. Waxa uu isticmaalaa ma marayo hab dublomaasiyadeed laakiin sidoo kale ciidamada oo kaliya.

saxiixa Heshiiska Atlantic keentay in formation of amar dunida cusub. Haddaba inta badan dalalka reer galbeedka Yurub iyo xulufada ugu weyn ee Maraykanka wajihi saqafka caadi ah, kaas oo ahaa in ay gobolka ka gardarada dibadda ilaaliyo. Abuuritaanka aasaaska ururka mustaqbalka, Xulafada ayaa xisaabta lagu darsadaa aragnimada qadhaadh ee dagaalkii labaad ee caalamiga ah iyo gaar ahaan sano ka hor, markii Hitler awoodaha si joogta ah jawaan Yurub, aan awoodi karin rideen halis ah isaga la siiyo.

qorshaynta guud

Dabcan, Heshiiska Atlantic la mabda'a ah ee difaaca wadajir ah macnaheedu ma aha in Mareykanka ayaa dhaafi ay waajib uu iskaga difaaci karo. Laakiin dhanka kale, heshiiska siiyo suurtagalnimada, sida laga soo xigtay oo dalka ku wareejin kari lahaa qayb ka mid ah dhibaato iyaga u gaar ah ee difaaca oo ka mid ah wada-hawlgalayaasha NATO. Isticmaalka qaanuunkan, gobolada qaarkood ayaa diiday inuu horumarinta qayb ka mid ah qaar ka mid ah awoodaha military ay (sida madaafiicda, iyo D. sidaas on.).

Atlantic Heshiiska siiyo geeddi-socodka guud ee qorshaynta. Waxaa jira ilaa maantadan la joogo. All Dawladaha xubinta ka heshiiyaan ah istaraatijiyad of military horumarinta. Sayidka, NATO dhinaca daafaca ka dhigan hal shaqeeyo a. Horumarinta laan kasta oo military ka yar wadahadal u dhaxeeya labada dal, oo kulli way ka qaataan qorshaha guud. Qorshahani waxa uu meesha ka dhabtii NATO ee hagaajinaysa awoodda difaaca ay. Si wadajir ah la qeexo military loo baahan yahay waxay ka dhigan tahay - tayada, tirada iyo helitaanka.

isdhexgalka military

Iskaashiga dowladaha xubnaha ka ah NATO waxa loo qaybin karaa dhowr lakab. sifooyinkaa waa hab wadajir ah wada tashiga, qaab-dhismeedka caalamiga ah ee ciidanka, qaab-dhismeedka ciidamada isku dhafan ee, diyaarinta wada-maalgelinta iyo rabitaan ee dal kasta si ay ciidan u diri baxsan dhulkeeda.

Saxiixa rasmi ah ee Treaty Atlantic ee Washington calaamadeeyay wareeg cusub oo xiriirka u dhexeeya huwanta World Old iyo America. Waxaan reanalyzed fikradda daafaca ka hor, taas oo burburtay 1939, maalinta Wehrmacht ka gudbay soohdinta reer Poland. istaraatijiyad NATO ee ku salaysnayd ka caqiidooyinka muhiimka ah dhowr (ugu horeeyay ee qaatay cilmiga Caadiga Arms). Tan iyo dhalashada ee isbahaysiga, iyo ilaa dayrta ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, waraaqaha, kuwaas ayaa la qarsoodi, oo lahaa helitaanka iyaga oo kaliya in ay saraakiisha sar sare.

gogol dagaalkii qaboobaa

Dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka ka dib markii, xiriirka caalamiga ah ku jireen xaalad ah is beddel. On arkaynin Guryohoodii mooyee si hore si tartiib ah u dhisay mid cusub. waxay noqdeen kuwo cad in ugu dhakhsaha badan dunida oo dhan u noqon doonaa oo iswajahaya afduub u dhexeeya communist iyo nidaamka raasammaaliyade sanad kasta ah. Mid ka mid ah daqiiqado muhiimka ah ee horumarinta iska soo horjeeda oo intaasu waxay ahayd saxiixa Heshiiska Atlantic. Isnaceybka u huray in heshiiskan, saxaafadda Soviet ahaa xadka lahayn.

Iyadoo in Midowga Soofiyeeti diyaariyey jawaab Seme abuurka NATO (waxay noqdeen Heshiiska Warsaw ah), isbahaysiga ayaa Lahjadda on doona qorshihiisa mustaqbalka. goolka A muhiimka ah ee xarakaadka ururka - tusi Kremlin in dagaalka aan faa'iido u leh xisbiga midkood. adduunka ayaa galay marxalad cusub, waxaa lagu halaagi lahayd by hub nuclear. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, NATO ayaa had iyo jeer lagu qabtay aragtida, kaas oo ahaa in, haddii dagaal ayaa weli aan la baajin, dhammaan dhinacyada Mareykanka waxay leeyihiin waa in midba midka kale ilaaliyo.

Alliance iyo USSR

Waxa xiiso leh, Heshiiska Atlantic la saxiixay by dadka fahmaan in NATO ma haysataan awood sare oo tiro badan cadowga iman kara (Midowga Soofiyeeti uu maanka). Indeed, si loo gaaro sinnaanta, Xulafada qaadatay waqti qaar ka mid ah, halka xoogga shuuciga ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, ninna ma shaki. Intaa waxaa dheer, Kremlin ah, laakiin halkii ay Stalin shakhsi ahaan, u suurtagashay in ay u sameeyaan dalalka satellite ay Bariga Yurub.

Atlantic Heshiiska, ee gaaban, la siiyaa oo dhan xaaladood ee horumarinta xiriirka la USSR. Xulafada ay rajaynayeen inay isu dheelli xaaladda post-dagaal dhex isuduwidda ee ay falsayeen iyo isticmaalka hababka casriga ah ee dagaalka. Hawsha muhiimka ah ee cutubkan waxa uu ahaa in la abuuro Fadilmo farsamo ciidankii Soviet badan.

NATO iyo dalalka saddexaad

Dowladaha adduunka oo dhan ayaa fiirinayay sidii saxiixay Heshiiska Atlantic. caricature A of caricature ah lagu daabacay saxaafadda shuuciga, wax badan oo ka mid ah waxyaabaha ay u muuqdaan in saxaafadda, "dalalka saddexaad". Dhab ahaantii, NATO dalal badan oo si rasmi ah u dhex-dhexaad arkay sokeeye iman kara xannibi. iyaga ka mid ah in meesha ugu horeysa waxay ahaayeen Australia, New Zealand, Ceylon, South Africa.

In xaaladda eller hadhay Turkey, Greece (ka dib waxay ku soo biiray NATO), Iran, tiro badan dalalka Latin American, ka Filibiin iyo Japan. Isla mar ahaantaana, sida of 1949 waxaa jiray dalal ka mid ah dowladaha ay hayo siyaasad furan oo nonintervention. Waxay ahaayeen Germany, Austria, Ciraaq iyo South Korea. NATO rumeysan yahay in ay dhacdo in dagaalka la garabka Soviet awoodaan in ay askareeyaan taageerada ugu yaraan qaar ka sokeeye ka iman kara, iyo kuwa la isku daray in ay weerar baaxad weyn oo ah in Western Eurasia noqon doonaa. In Bariga Fog ee isbahaysiga la qorsheeyay inuu ku soo shirtagi in xeeladaha daafaca.

istaraatijiyad ee dacwadda dagaalka

Marka saxiixa Atlantic Heshiiska, taas oo taariikhda (April 4, 1949) waxay ahayd calaamad aan ku taariikhda qarnigii XX ah, madaxda awoodaha reer galbeedka ayaa horay gacanta ay dhacdo Istimaalka qorshayaasha oo ka mid ah gardarada Midowga Soofiyeeti. Waxaa loo maleeyey in ee Kremlin ee meesha ugu horeysa ee ay doonayaan in ay si Badda Mediterranean-ka, Badweynta Atlaantik iyo Bariga Dhexe tagaan. Intaa waxaa dheer, istaraatijiyad NATO ayaa damacsan sidii ay cabsi ah in Midowga Soofiyeeti ayaa diyaar u ah in ay bilaabaan weerar cirka ah ku qaaday dalka of World Old iyo Hemisphere Western ah.

A halbowlaha gaadiidka muhiimka ah ee isbahaysiga ahaa Atlantic. Sidaa darteed, NATO waxay bixisaa ammaanka oo ka mid ah hababka aad ula xiriirayso fiiro gaar ah. Ugu dambeyntii, seenyo ugu xumaa ee kiiska ka mid ah isticmaalka hubka nuclear burburka culus geysta. Phantom ah Hiroshima iyo Nagasaki ma siin intiisa kale siyaasiyiinta iyo military badan. Marka la eego khatarta this, Maraykanka bilowday gaashaan nuclear.

factor nuclear

At saxiixa heshiiska qorshaha guud ee horumarka oo ka mid ah ciidamada qalabka sida Washington la ansixiyay ilaa 1954. Waayo, 5 sano, waxaa la qorsheeyey in la abuuro ay si wadajir ah huwanta, taas oo ka mid ah 90-qaybsanaanta Army, 8000 diyaaradaha iyo maraakiibta 2,300 si fiican u hubaysan.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, diiradda ugu weyn ee bilowga tartanka ka dhexeeya NATO iyo Ruushka ahaa ee hubka nukliyeerka. Waxa ay ahayd in uu ku badan magdhow laga yaabaa arakayo taranta, taasoo horumarisa aagagga haray. Sida laga soo xigtay Heshiiska Atlantic ah, iyo waxyaabo kale, waxaa jiray post a of taliyaha sare ee ciidamada NATO ee Europe. Uu aqoonta waxaa diyaarinaya barnaamijka nukliyeerka. Mashruucan ayaa la siiyey badan oo dareenka. By 1953, Alliance ay xaqiiqsadeen in aanay joojin laga yaabaa qabsashadii of Europe by Midowga Soofiyeeti, haddii aan hub nuclear waxaa loo isticmaali doonaa.

heshiis dheeraad ah

Sida laga soo xigtay Treaty Atlantic ee ka dhacaan dagaallo kula Midowga Soofiyeeti, NATO lahaa qorshe hawleed gobol kasta, taas oo ay noqon karto colaadaha. Sidaas daraaddeed, Europe waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay aaga wayn ee isku dhaca. Ciidamada huwanta ee World Old waxay ahaayeen si loo xakameeyo Communists inta awoodooda daafac ku filan. tabaha noocan oo kale ah u ogolaan lahaa inay soo qaadaan kaydka. Ka dib markii fiirsashada ciidamada oo dhan bilaaban karo jawaab weerar.

Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in diyaaradaha NATO ay leedahay khayraad ku filan si ay u abaabulaan weerar hawada on Midowga Soofiyeeti ka qaarada waqooyiga maraykanka. All faahfaahin kuwan waxaa ka danbeeya xaflad ah oo baahsan, in lagu calaamadeeyay saxiixa rasmi ah ee Heshiiska Atlantic ee qarsoon. Sawir ay adag tahay in uu u gudbiyo khatar ah oo runta ah in qariyaa laftiisa in koritaanka iska hor imaad u dhexeeya laba nidaam siyaasadeed oo kala duwan.