Waa maxay iftiin laser? shucaaca Laser: ilaha iyo ilaalinta ay ka

Laser waxa ay noqonayaan qalab muhiim cilmi in beerihii daawo, physics, chemistry, cilmi dhul, bayoolaji iyo farsamada. Haddii si khaldan loo isticmaalo, waxay lagu saleyn karaa indha iyo trauma (in t. H. Burns iyo koronto) ka shaqeeya iyo shaqaalaha kale, oo ay ku jiraan martida loo baahdo ah Laboratories, iyo sidoo kale sababta oo ah waxyeello milkiyad weyn. Users ee qalabka waxay u baahan yihiin in ay si buuxda u fahmaan oo ku dabbakhaan tallaabooyinka nabadgelyo ee lagama maarmaanka ah markaad iyaga taabato.

Waa maxay laser ah?

Erayga "laser" (laser, Light-weyneeye by dhiiro Emission of Shucaaca SOMA.) waa gaabinta ah oo u taagan tahay "Faahfaahin iftiin warshadu hawada u shidan yihiin". Inta jeer ee shucaaca ee ay laser waa gudahood ama meel u dhow qaybta la arki karo ee spectrum ee electromagnetic. Energy waa wanaajiyey gobolka ee adag oo aad u sarreeya by habka a oo la yidhaahdo "warshadu hawada laser-laaluusheen".

Ereyga "radiation" waxaa inta badan loo fahmay sababta oo ah waxa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa in sharaxaad ka mid ah qalabka shucaaca. Macnaha halkan, waxay ka dhigan tahay gudbinta tamarta. Energy waxaa laga soo wareejiyay meel kale oo macneheedu yahay tabinta, convection iyo shucaaca.

Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo kala duwan laser ka hawlgala meelo kala duwan. gaasas The (tus, argon ama isku dar ah ee helium oo iyakana) waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida dareere, adke kiristaalo (tus guduud) ama colorants dareere ah ka shaqeeya. Marka awooda bixisey in deegaanka shaqada, ay u socoto si ay tamar ah gobolka iyo releases faraxsanahay qaab qayb iftiinka (photons).

Laba ka mid ah muraayadaha labada daraf oo tube ah ayaa caddeeyey mid ka tarjumaysaa ama sida durdur ah u xoog gudbiya iftiin, loo yaqaan laser beam ah. deegaan kasta oo ka hawlgala saarta Milanello a dogob gaar ah iyo midabka.

Color dogob laser, sida caadiga ah ka muujiyay Milanello. Waa non-ionizing oo ka mid ah ultraviolet (100-400 nm), la arki karo (400-700 nm) iyo infrared (700 nm - 1 mm) qayb ka mid ah qaybaha kala ah.

spectrum electromagnetic

Kasta wuxuu leeyahay inta jeer gaar ah electromagnetic la ruxruxo iyo dhererka la xidhiidha doorashadan. Just sida nuurka cas leeyahay inta jeer iyo Milanello, iyo dhammaan midab kale - orange, huruud ah, cagaar iyo buluug ah - la mawjadaha iyo wavelengths gaar ah. Users ay awoodaan in ay Arkaa kuwaas hirarka electromagnetic, laakiin aan karin in ay arkaan inta kale ee qaybaha kala ah.

inta jeer ee ugu weyn waa rays gamma, X-rays iyo iftiinka ultraviolet. Infrared, shucaaca microwave iyo hirarka raadiyaha mashquulin firikuwensiyada hoose ee spectrum ah. Iftiinka muuqdaa waa in therebetween a kala duwan oo aad u dhuuban.

shucaaca Laser: saamaynta on aadanaha

laser waxay soo saartaa ah dogob light aad u daran waxaa lagu faray. Haddii ay horay u yahay, ka muuqataa, ama in ay diiradda saaraan shayga, dogobka waxaa qayb ahaan u nuugo kor heerkulka dusha sare iyo qaybta hoose ee shayga laga yaabo in ay keeni isbeddel ama lahayo ku ah waxyaabaha la. sifooyinkaasi in loo isticmaalay qalabka qaliinka laser iyo daaweynta, halis ku noqon karaa unugyada aadanaha.

Waxa intaa dheer in shucaaca, haya'ad saamaynta kulka on unugyada nuurka laser khatar ah, waxay soo saartaa saamayn photochemical. Xaaladiisa ku filan waa gaaban Milanello, ie. E. UV ama qayb ka mid buluug ah spectrum ah. qalabka casriga ah u soo saaraan warshadu hawada laser, saamaynta on aadanuhu la yareeyo. Of laser low-tamar kuma filna u geysan karaan dhib, iyo khatarta ay keeni.

unugyada Human u nugul yihiin tamarta, iyo xaaladaha qaarkood shucaaca electromagnetic ah, laser oo ay ku jiraan, waxay keeni kartaa waxyeello ku indhaha iyo maqaarka. marinnadii waxbarashada shucaaca argagaxa leh ayaa la sameeyay.

Danger indhahana

Isha aadanaha waa laga baqaa in ay dhaawac maqaarka ka badan. wilka (transparent dusha hore dibadda ee isha), in la barbardhigo maqaarkaba ah, ayaa daaha ah barxadda dibadda ee unugyada dhintay oo looga hortago saameynta deegaanka. Laser iyo shucaaca nuugo by wilka isha keeni kara dhibaato kasta. Trauma waxaa la socda barar iyo nabaad epithelial, iyo in dhaawac daran - leniska qowladda jilibka.

Lens ee isha sidoo kale waxaa laga yaabaa in u nugul dhaawac marka la kulmin shucaaca laser oo kala duwan - infrared iyo ultraviolet.

Khatarta ugu wayn, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa saamaynta laser ku ileyska ee spectrum ku arki indhaha - 400 nm (buluug) in 1400 nm (meel u dhow infrared). gobolka this of spectrum gudahood alwaaxdii saqafka haysay collimated waxaa diiradda on a meelaha aad u yar oo ileyska. Ugu xumaa gaadhista dhacdo waxay dhacdaa marka isha fiiriya masaafada iyo dogobka toos ah ama ka muuqataa waxa ay ku dhufan doonto. Xaaladdan oo kale, oo ay fiirsashada on ileyska gaadho 100,000 jeer.

Sayidka, dogob la arki karo oo ah 10 MW / cm ² falalka on retina leh xoog ah 1000 W / ^cm2. Tani waa in ka badan ku filan in ay dhibaato u geystaan. Haddii isha aan la raadinaya meel fog, ama haddii dogobka muuqata ka waajihi ah, ma dusha muraayada, waxay keenaysaa in dhaawac aad uga shucaaca oo awood badan. Saamaynta laser on maqaarka wax garad diiradda saamayn, sidaas awgeed waa wax badan ka yar u nugul in ay dhaawac ugu wavelengths kuwan.

X-rays

Qaar ka mid ah hababka a high-voltage la voltages ka badan 15 kV weyn dhalin karaa X-rays ee awoodda badan: isha laser iftiin - a laser excimer xoog badan shubto electron, iyo sidoo kale ilaha plasma iyo ra'iyi nidaamka. qalabka waa in la hubiyaa inay ammaanka shucaaca, oo ay ku jiraan, waayo, ama gaashaan ku habboon.

kala soocidda

Iyada oo ku xidhan awooda ama energy ah dogob iyo Milanello ee shucaaca ah, laser ku kala qaybsan yihiin fasalo dhowr. kala soocidda wuxuu ku salaysan yahay awood ka iman kara qalabka si dhaawac degdeg ah indhaha, maqaarka, barar ah gaadhista si toos ah dogobka ama laga fekerayo waajihi ka dusha u milicsato. All laser ganacsi ku xiran yihiin aqoonsiga via Cadaabayn sumadaha ay. Haddii qalabka la macmalay guryahooda ama haddii kale calaamadeeyay, talo waa in la helaa by dhiganta ay kala soocidda iyo dhidibada. Laser waxaa kala duwanaayeen xoog, Milanello iyo mudada soo-gaadhista.

qalabka Badbaadada

qalabka heerka koowaad dhalin shucaaca laser xooga yar yahay. Waxaa ma gaadhi karto heer khatar ah, sidaas ilo waa ka reeban ugu tallaabooyin lagu xakamaynayo ama noocyo kale oo ilaalo. Tusaale: madbacadaha laser iyo ciyaartoyda CD.

qalab keeneysa la ammaan

laser fasalka labaad dhaadheer ee spectrum ee la arki karo. Tani waxay ilo laser iftiin taas oo keeni reaction aadanaha caadiga ah ee diidmada waa iftiin aad u dhalaalaya (noqnoda reflex). Markii loo feydo dogob isha aadanaha libiqsanayo 0,25 s, kaas oo bixiya ilaalinta ku filan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shucaaca laser waa in kala duwan ee la arki karo dhaawici kara indhaha, saameyn joogto ah. Tusaalayaal: tilmaamo laser, sahan laser.

laser 2a-fasalka yihiin qalabka gaarka ah ee ujeedada leh xoog wax soo saarka yar 1 mw. Qalabka waxay sababi dhaawac kaliya saameynta toos ah in ka badan 1000 8-saac maalin ka shaqeeya. Tusaale barcode akhristaha.

laser khatar ah

By fasalka 3a ka mid ah qalabka aan dhaawici by gaadhista kooban isha galmo. waxay noqon kartaa mid khatar ah marka la isticmaalayo optics diiradda, tusaale ahaan telescopes, microscopes iyo casriga. Tusaalayaal: awood laser helium-iyakana of 1-5 mw, qaar ka mid ah tilmaamo laser iyo heerarka dhismaha.

3b fasalka dogob laser oo keeni karta dhaawac ama ay saameyn toos ah ay image muraayad. Tusaale: awood laser helium-iyakana ah 5-500 mw, cilmi baaris badan iyo laser-ku-daweyn.

Class 4 ka mid ah qalab ka la heerka awoodda badan 500 MW. Waxay halis indhaha, maqaarka, iyo sidoo kale khatar dab yihiin. Gaadhista dogobka uu specular ama shakhi waajihi sababi karaan dhaawacyo indhaha iyo maqaarka. dhammaan tallaabooyinka badbaadada u baahan tahay in la qaado. TUSAALE: nd: YAG-laser, qaab, qaliin, goynta biraha.

shucaaca Laser: Protection

shaybaarka kasta waa in ay bixiyaan ilaalin ku filan la siiyo dadka qaba laser shaqeeya. suuqa kala Horumarinta kaas oo shucaac u gudbin kartaa qalabka 2, 3 ama 4 fasalada la curyaamiya meelaha la xakamayn waa in la daboolo ama haddii kale la ilaaliyo inta lagu jiro hawlgalka qalab noocan oo kale ah. Waayo, ilaalinta ugu badan, waxaa lagu talinayaa in isha.

• dogobka waa in lagu soo lifaaqay in a cover ilaaliya olol non-muraayad u adkaysta si loo yareeyo khatarta ka mid ah soo-gaadhista shil ama dab. Si aad u waafajiyaan dogobka in ay isticmaalaan screens dhaadheer ama viewfinders sare; Iska ilaali indhaha si toos ah.
• Waayo, dogobka nidaamka lays isticmaalaan awood ugu hooseeya. Haddii ay suurtagal tahay, waayo, nidaamka lays hordhac ah la isticmaalo qalab-dhamaadka u hooseeya. Iska ilaali joogitaanka aan loo baahneyn ee walxaha ka tarjumaya deegaanka laser ah.
• Xadee socodka ah ee ku jirase aad meel khatar saacadood ka dib, iyadoo la isticmaalayo shutter ah, iyo caqabado kale. Ha isticmaalin derbiyada qolka si ay u waafajiyaan 3b fasalka laser ku jirase aad iyo 4.
• Isticmaal alaabtii aan u milicsato. Qaar ka mid ah qalabka ma turjumayo iftiin arki karo, waxa uu noqonayaa mid muraayad in qayb ka mid ah aan la arki karin ee spectrum ah.
• Ha xirtaan dahabka u milicsato. qurxinta macdan ah sidoo kale ay kordhiyaan halista shoog koronto.

muraayadaha ilaaliya

Marka la laser 4 fasalada la aagga khatarta ah u furan, ama khatar ugu digtoonaan waa in ay isticmaalaan koob ilaaliya shaqeeya. Nooca iyaga waxay ku xiran tahay nooca shucaaca. Points waa in la soo xulay si ay u difaacaan shakhi, gaar ahaan waasac dambidhaafkiisu, iyo sidoo kale in ay bixiyaan ilaalinta si heer halkaas oo reflex difaaca dabiiciga ah ayaa ka hortagi kara dhaawac isha. qalabka indhaha noocan oo kale ah si ay u sii adhaxda qaar ka mid ah dogobka, si looga hortago in gubasho maqaarka, loo yareeyo suurtagalnimada in shilalka kale.

Arrimaha in la tixgeliyo marka aad dooranayso muraayadaha:

• ama gobolka Milanello ee spectrum shucaac ah;
• absorbance ee Milanello gaar ah;
• illuminance ugu badnaan (W / cm ²⁾ ama awood ku jirase aad (W);
• nooca nidaamka laser;
• mode Power - shucaaca laser pulsed ama hab joogto ah;
• awoodaha milicsiga - specular iyo waajihi;
• duurka ku of view;
• helitaanka lenses saxayo ama weyn oo ku filan in ay oggolaadaan in la soo xidho muraayada aragga iyo hagaajinta,
• raaxada,
• furitaankiisu hawo si looga hortago misting;
• saameyn midabada on;
• saamayn iska caabin ah;
• awood u leh inay qabtaan hawlaha lagama maarmaanka ah.

Tan iyo ookiyaale waa u nugul in ay waxyeeleeyaan iyo xirtaan, barnaamijka badbaadada shaybaarka waa in ka mid ah kormeerka wareegsan oo ka mid ah xubno ka ilaaliya.