Wareegga oxygen ee dabiiciga ah

Si rasmi ah loo aqoonsan yahay ee 1774, farmashiyaha Ingiriisi ah Dzhozefom Pristli oxygen (O2) ayaa la furay. Sidaas darteed of tijaabo qaadeen in weel xiran xabagta mercury, sarkhaansan yihiin qoraxda gashto faray ahaa ballaarinta: 2HgO → O2 ↑ + 2Hg. Macluumaadkaan waxaa gaseous waxa lagu gartaa cufnaanta ah ee xaaladaha caadiga ah 0.00142897 g / cm³, mugga a gaws of 14,0 cm³ / bar, dhibic barafku of laga jaray 218,2 ° C iyo heerkulka karkaraya laga jaray 182,81 ° C. mass gaws waa loo siman yahay si 15,9994 g / mol. Sifada ugu weyn ee oxygen - tahay awooddiisa ah inuu oxidize walxaha kala duwan. Sida firfircoon non-birta, O2 sameynayso oo dhan biraha la formation of oxides aasaasiga ah iyo amphoteric, iyo sidoo kale dhammaan-Biraha aan (ahayn halogeen) si aad u hesho ka oxides acid ama nesoleobrazuyuschie.

Ogsijiin ka mid ahaa in ka badan kun oo dheeraad ah walxaha, sida badan tahay in element kiimikada dunida. Isagu waa xubin ka mid ah kiimiko kala duwan (waxaa jira in ka badan hal kun iyo shan boqol). content The adag ee O2 qolof dhulka ee u dhigma 47.4%. In badda iyo biyaha cusub ee ay share in xisaabaadka gobolka xidhxidhan for 88,8% by miisaanka. In jawiga of ogsijiin waa xaalad free, waa loo siman yahay si jajabka mugga ah oo ku saabsan 21%, iyo mass - 23.1%. Waxaa dastuurka muhiim ah oo walxaha organic in ay joogaan in gacanta kasta oo nool. By mugga, taas oo uu ku haya 25% iyo 65% by miisaanka. wareegga oxygen ee dabiiciga ah ay sabab u tahay waxqabad kiimikada.

Wareegga waa taxane ah oo isbedel walax, natiijo ka noqdo sida kuwaas oo in bar billow ah, iyo Celin jidka oo dhan. Ogsijiin waa mooshin wareegga biogeochemical. Iyada oo u maraa O2 wadarta biotic oo dhan lafaguro (biosphere ah, ama zone nolosha on Earth) iyo abiotic (lithosphere, jawiga iyo hydrosphere) deegaanka. wareegga oxygen qeexayaa ay dhaqdhaqaaqa ee hydrosphere ah (mass oo biyo ah oo ku yaalla under dhulka oo dalka korkiisana waxay), jawiga (hawada) ee biosphere ah (wadarta caalamka oo dhan la lafaguro) iyo lithosphere (qolof ah). Xadgudubyada wareegga this ee hydrosphere ah waxay keeni kartaa in hypoxic (low O2) ee meelaha harooyinka waaweyn iyo badda. Arrinta ugu weyn ee wadista waa photosynthesis ah.

nidaamka dhawrista (lafaguro) badan ee wareegyada biogeochemical, ka shaqeeya ay ka kooban. Tusaale ahaan, wareegga biyaha, wareegga of ogsijiin, wareegga of nitrogen, carbon, iwm Dhamaan xubno ka kiimikada waa waddada, taas oo qayb ka ah wareegyo biogeochemical. Waxay yihiin qayb muhiim ah oo noolaha, laakiin sidoo kale iyada oo la lafaguro guurto deegaanka abiotic. Tani waa biyaha (hydrosphere), dhulka udubyadiisa (lithosphere) iyo hawada (jawiga) ah. noolaha buuxi qolof ah ee dhulka loo yaqaan biosphere ah. All nafaqooyinka sida carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fosfooraska, iyo baaruud, waxay waxaa loo isticmaalaa oo qayb ka ah nidaamka xidhan yihiin, si ay dib loo oo aan laga badiyay oo si joogto ah u buuxiyey, sida nidaamka furan.

kaydka ugu weyn O2 (99,5%) waa jilif iyo dhulka go'iisii, kuna waari dhexdeeda, waxaa jira silicate iyo xabagta macdanta. wareegga ingress oxygen la siiyaa oo keliya qayb yar oo ah qaab free O2 in biosphere ah (0.01%) iyo jawiga (0.36%). Isha ugu weyn ee O2 atmosfeerta waa photosynthesis free. Products waa walxaha organic iyo oxygen xor ma ka carbon dioxide iyo biyo la aasaasay: 6CO2 + 6H2O + tamarta → C6H12O6 + 6O2.

Waayo, wareegga oxygen ee biosphere jawaabi dhirta dalka, phytoplankton iyo badaha. cyanobacteria badda u yar (algae buluug-cagaaran) Prochlorococcus, size of 0.6 microns, ayaa laga helay 1986 sano. Waxay u dhigma in ka badan kala bar oo ka mid ah alaabta ee photosynthesis badda furan. il dheeraad ah ogsijiin atmosfeerta heli karo waa arrin ku photolysis (reaction kiimikada sababa tallaabada of photons). Sidaas darteed biyo Hawada iyo xabagta nitrus waxaa duco galay atamka dastuurka, hydrogen (H) iyo nitrogen (N) meel la saaraa, iyo O2 in jawiga waa: 2H2O + tamarta → 4H + O2 iyo 2N2O + tamarta → 4N + O2. oxygen Hawada waxaa wada baabbi'iyey noolaha nool oo lacag la'aan ah geeddi-mareenka iyo suuska. Lithosphere isticmaalaa free O2 sabab u ah cimilada oo dusha falgalka kiimikada. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa la wada baabbi'iyey in formation of oxides birta (miridhku): 4FeO + O2 → 2Fe2O3 ama oxides kale ee biraha iyo nonmetals.

wareegga oxygen ayaa sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah loop a dhexeeya lithosphere iyo biosphere ah. organisms Marine in biosphere u adeegaan sida ilaha carbonate calcium (CaCO3), taas oo hodan ku O2. Marka jidhku uu dhinto, ay qolof la gudbiyo waayo hoose badda gacmeed halkaas oo ay jiraan waqti dheer si ay u sameeyaan nuuradda (qolof Texas). geeddi socodka cimilada bilaabay biosphere sidoo kale soo saaro laga yaabaa in ogsijiin xorta ah ee lithosphere ah. Geedaha iyo Xayawaanka kabsaday nafaqooyinka ka oxygen faar iyo sii daayo.