Wadaad Hermogenees. Wadaad of Moscow iyo Dhamaan Russia Hermogenees

Saints ee Russia tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore, oo aad noqotaan Eebe ka dhawrsada, yaroow fudud iyo baayacmushtariyadii hodanka ah, iyo dumarka dhawrsoonaanta aadka moral, iyo taliyayaashii caan. quruun Orthodox Ruush cabsada uu sokoeye Ilaah, isku halleeya ilaalinta quduusiinta jannada, wuxuu doondoonaa iyo helaa iyaga oo taageero ay jidka ruuxiga ah u gaar ah.

Biography Warbixinta Gaarka ah ee degan Eebayaal

Kiristaanka ee Russia leedahay wax badan oo quduusiin badan oo daafac ah. Wadaad Hermogenees shaki la'aan waa mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaad ugu weyn taariikhda Ruush Masiixiga ah. Inta badan in Biography ninkii si buuxda looma fahmin. Ilaa iyo hadda, taariikhyahanadu yihiin doodaha aad u daran oo ku saabsan Dhacdooyinka weyn ee uu noloshiisa iyo aayahooda.

Biography Wadaad Hermogenees ka buuxa alala. Waxaa la og yahay in uu ku dhashay Kazan, ayaa loo magacaabay magaca Ermolay. Taariikhda dhabta ah ee muuqaalka kore ee uu ku dhashay waa la garanayn, taariikhyahanadu waxay taariikhda in 1530. On asal ahaan bulshada xogta kama dambaysta ah Wadaad aan la heli karin. Sida laga soo xigtay mid ka mid ah version, Hermogenees iska leh panulirus ku Rurik-Shumsky, oo dhinaca kale ah - uu ka Cossacks Don yimaado. Taariikhyahanadu badan yihiin dhiiran tahay in ay aaminsan yihiin in mustaqbalka St. Hermogenees, Wadaad of Moscow weli ugu badan ah, ay u badan tahay waxa ay hooyo fudud "dadka."

Tallaabooyinka koowaad ee Asalraacnimadu Hermogenees

Ermolai hawshiisu bilaabay in wadaad caadiga Kazan Badbaadiyeheenna-isbeddelid keniisad. wadaadka kaniisadda ee kaniisadda St. Nicholas Kazan, wuxuu noqonayaa in 1579, ka qeyb galay xaflada oo lagu helo wejiga Hooyo Kazan Ilaah ku qoray "The SHEEKADII image ifafaale iyo yaabab L. of Mother Kazan Ilaah" danbe si Tsar Ivan Xun waxay u cid direen.

A dhowr sano ka dib Hermogenees qaadataa Ruhbaaniyad iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan uu noqdo Abbot ugu horeysay, ka dibna Archimandrite Kazan Badbaadiyeheenna-isbeddelid keniisad. kacsiga Hermogenees hoggaamiyaha kiniisadda iyo magacaabidda Metropolitan Kazan iyo jaaket lagu qabtay May 1589.

In xilkaan muddo dheer, waana ku dhawaad 18 sano jir ah, Hermogenees adag u shaqeeyo. Iyada oo uu gargaar, abuuray, waayo, xabaashii ee sheekh maxalliga ah, si firfircoon waa dadka la dadyowga Volga dhexdooda ah (inta badan rabshado) Masiixiga ah. Kuweeda qoysaska oo dhan waxaa lagu dejin degsiimooyinka gaarka ah iyada oo ay kormeerayaan of Ruush Orthodox.

Masiixiyada waxaa ku faafay Russia, in ay meel dhexaad ah gelin, hab aan aad daacad iyo dadnimo, si ay "kuwa jaahilka ah" caasi ah loo ogolaaday in ay isticmaalaan ciqaab jirka ah, pads iyo gabbasho oo xabsi ah. In dastuurka, taariikhaysan January 1592, Metropolitan Job awowe bandhigaysaa ugu adkeysanayo in dhammaan kaniisadaha Orthodox ayaa waxaa la aasaasay xuska Shuhadada Christian oo askari kuwaas oo hoos u dhigay madaxooda at ilaalinta Kazan ee 1552.

Aabbaha Hermogenees ka qeyb qaatay xaflada wareejinta oo ka mid ah Mala'igtu quduuska Germana Kazanskogo caasimada magaalada Sviyazhsk, kaas oo ka dhacay 1592. Sheekada awowe Hermogen ma noqon doono dhamaystiran oo aan xusuusannaa oo uu kaalin weyn in dhismaha dhulka kiniisadaha Kazan Orthodox iyo Biyac, oo ku saabsan in uu ka qayb dabaaldega ah Borisa Godunova iyo dadweynaha, iyadoo ka qaybgalka tiro badan oo dadka ku tukanayeen derbigii Convent Novodevichy ah.

Formation of awowe

In 1605 carshiga Ruush si kooban u qaaday Beenta Dmitry I - damiir lahayn, iska qaaday inuu ahaado Amiir Dmitry, oo waa dhab ahaantii ka soo adeegto ka Chudov keniisad Grishkoy Otrepevym baxsaday. Metropolitan Hermogenees waxaa loo bixiyey lacagta badan "Qaranimo" maxkamadda in ay ka shaqeeyaan in taliyuhu uu Senator, laakiin waxaa la hoos geliyey dulli ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in sayidaddeedii ku Polish dalbaday baabtiiskii Lzhedmitriya Mariny Mnishek ka hor "Qaranimo" inuu guursado.

May 17, 1606dii, ka dib markii boqortooyadii gaaban, Been Dmitry laga saaray carshiga Ruush iyo meel loo qaaday by ugu dambeeyey ee nooca Rurik - Vasiliy Shuysky. Mid ka mid ah go'aamada ugu horeeyay uu kaga dejiyey carshigiisii Wadaad Ignatius oo dhismaha ka mid ah Metropolitan ee Kazan iyo jaaket in taliyuhu uu Wadaad of All Russia (jidka, ka hakadgeliyay Polish by). Wadaad of Moscow iyo Dhamaan Russia, caqabadaha in go'aankan aan la cusboonaysiiyey. In meel this, Wadaad Hermogenees ahaa kaniisad firfircoon iyo hawlaha siyaasadeed ee loogu talagalay in lagu xoojiyo Asalraacnimadu ee gobolka Ruush.

hakadgeliyay Great iimaanka Christian, oo keli ah ciidankii oo dhan cadaawayaashooda of Russia, Wadaad Hermogenees, Biography gaaban oo aan awoodin inay meel sharaxaad ka mid ah inuu naftiisa, waxyaalo waaweyn, bilowga, rumaysadkiisa unshakable weyn ee Ilaah, uu adayg milmin in dambi uu, waxaa loo magacaabay on xaq u taariikhyahanadu 'diamond adag' iyo 'Nebi cusub "ee dalka Ruushka.

Xaaladda siyaasadeed ee Russia

Wadaad Hermogenees, walxood photo dhalaalaya:

Xaaladda siyaasadeed ee Ruush Gobolka wakhtigaas uu ahaa mid aad deganayn. Carshigu wuxuu ka mid gacanta maray in kale, iyadoo xawaaraha musiibo. Ilaa iyo inta mid ka mid ah habeen ee May 1606dii ka boyars ugu sarreeya, hogaaminayo Vasiliya Shuyskogo (ka wakiil ah mid ka mid ah qoysaska weyn princely, farac oo ah amiirradii dadka Suzdal, wakiilka ugu dambeeyey ee nooca Rurik) ma shirqool abaabulan.

Ujeedadu waxay ahayd markii la afgembiyey carshiga Ruush la Been Dmitry aniga iyo enthronement Vasiliya Shuyskogo. Si aad u buuxiso hawshan ka dhan casemates iyo nawaaxigeeda la siiyey maxaabiista qarsoodi sii daayay hub, iyo in subixii hore ee Moscow celiyay alarm naxdinta leh, marti qaaday dadkii u Square Cas.

dadka Ruush, daal Dulmiga Polish ah, dadkii badnaa ku shubtay u gal jidadka si ay hubka sugitaanka la boyars ah. Waqtigaas, halka weyn, dadkii badnaa dhiigyacabka ah loola cararay xasuuqii ah oo polish ah, laf-dhabar u ah shirqoolkii, hogaaminayo Shumsky, ayuu kala jejebiyey galay qolalka of bannaan iyo si waxashnimo ah lagu dilay Dmitry ku Been I. 1 June 1606dii Shuya rasmi qaaday carshiga at taageero shuruud la'aan ah Church Orthodox Ruush. In si loo qanciyo dadka saxnimada go'aankan, ka Wadaad of Moscow iyo Dhamaan Russia, siiyey fasax dhoofinta Uglich caasimada ah Mala'igtu ee Dmitry Tsarevich ah, kuwaas oo la kulantay dib u eegis guud ee June 3 of sano in.

wakhtiyada cidhiidhiga ah

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tallaabadan ma soo saaraan natiijada saxda ah. In ka yar saddex bilood ka dib dhacdooyinka ku tilmaamay, labadaba Russia bilaabeen in ay ku faafaan wararkaasi ku saabsan badbaadinta mucjisada Dmitry, oo uu sida la sheegay u suurtagashay in ay gacmaha of shirqoolkii baxsadaan. Mar ciyey dalka Ruush la dhirifkiisa. Ciidamada la ururiyey ee waqooyiga gobolka ayaa diiday inuu boqorka adeeca. Wadaad Hermogenees oo keliya in waqti welwelsanaa dalka Ruush dhowayd subkay Ilaah, boqorkii reer Basil.

Xaaladda agagaarka Qaranimo Ruush cusub noqdeen kuwo aan degganayn, dad badan oo taageeraya Shuisky hor boyars iyo wadaadada ayaa isaga oo kaliya Hermogenees, Wadaad of Moscow, kuwaas oo inta badan lagu weeraro iyo Dulli iskaga jeedsaday xaggooda, stoically sii boqorkii ku difaacaan. Tusaale waxaa ah dhacdada ka dhacay ee xilliga qaboobaha ee 1609, markii markii uu isku dayay in dadkii badnaa dhigaalka Shuisky loola cararay Kremlin in ay ka dhaadhiciso boyars ah in meesha laga saaro gooyo Basil, Wadaad Hermogenees lagu qabtay oo laga qaaday si ay meesha of fulinta.

Oo xataa hadda, oo ku dhex jira badnaa hirarkii ka Ninkii duqa ahaa isku dayaya in ay dejiyaan erayga dadka xaqa Ilaah, si uu uga dhaadhiciyo "in aan la raacayn seduction Ibliisku ee." Markan, inqilaabkii ku guuldareysatay, oo inta badan ay sabab u tahay xigmadda iyo adkaanta hadalka, ayaa sheegay in awowe. Weli si saddex boqol oo qof oo u suurtagashay in ay ka baxsadaan Khaa'imiinta ku xereyn cusub ee la firin Tushino.

Ujeedadu waxay ka leexdo iyo in rabshado Ruush

Dhanka kale, ee gobolka bilaabeen inay dhacaan dhacdooyinka in ay gacan isbeddel ah ee socodka rabshado ah. Mid ka mid ah maalmood qaboobaha ee February 1609 Vasiliy Shuysky galo heshiis la taliyaha Swedish Charles IX. go'idda Swedish askartii loo diray Novgorod iyo hoos amarkii boqorka ee adeer qaadiyaasha Skopin-Shumsky.

United sidaas Ruush iyo af Iswiidhish ah ciidamada qalabka sida si guul leh weeraray Tushino firin ciidanka, iyaga laga saaray waqooyi-galbeed Russia. Saxiixa Shumsky iyo Charles IX heshiiska iyo entry inuu dalka Ruush ciidamada qalabka sida Swedish dar dar geliyay in bilowgii howlgalka milateri ee furan ee Polish King Sigismund ku Russia. In xilliga dayrta ee isla sannadkaas, ciidanka Polish u tageen inay Smolensk, rajaynaynin qabashada sahlan ee magaalada. Laakiin waxaa ay ahayd!

Smolensk geesinimo leh oo xoog leh, ku dhawaad laba sano ka dheer, iska caabiyay ciribtir ee ulaha laga gelin lahaa. In dhamaadka, inta badan Army Polish ku wareejiyay baxay Tushino in Smolensk la go'doomiyey, iyo dhamaadka sanadka ka Tushino in Kaluga qudhiisu beenaala ah soo orday. In guga hore xerada 1610 mucaaradka ahaa gabi ahaanba la burburiyay iyo March 12, dadka magaalada ayaa la kulmay ciidanka xamaasad Skopin-Shumsky. khatar qaadashada dhib-dejiyeyaasha in Moscow ka badan, laakiin in macnaheedu ma aha dhamaadka dagaalka mar la laba gardarrada - oo Xasada, in Kaluga iyo beenaala ah kii u istawooday at Smolensk Sigismund.

booska Shumsky waqtigan xoogaa xoogaystay, markii si lama filaan dhinto oo uu adeer u Hero Skopin-Shumsky. Uu dhintay keenaysaa in dhacdooyin dhab ah musiibo. ciidanka Ruush hormartay si Smolensk ka dhanka ah oo polish ah, hoos amarkii walaalkiis gooyo gabi ahaanba la burburiyay u dhow tuulada Klushino. Getman Zolkiewski hogaaminayo ciidamada Polish ahaayeen ee Moscow oo qabsadeen Mozhaisk. Firin, ururinta hadhaagii ciidamada degdeg u dhaqaaqay dhinaca koonfureed ee magaalada.

Tsar Vasily dhigaalka. Opal Wadaad

Dhammaan oo ka mid ah dhacdooyinka dhimasho shaabadeeyey qaddar ee Vasiliya Shuyskogo. Bartamihii xagaaga-1610 mucaaradka galay Kremlin ku qabtay boyars ah, Wadaad Hermogenees qayliyeen markii la afgembiyey boqorka, uu si qasab ah ayaa laga saaray Kremlin. Eebaha Church ku guulaysanin mar kale in ay dejiyaan badnaa hirarkii, wakhtigan, iyadu ma ay maqlin isaga. Markaasaa boqorkii wuxuu la soo dhaafay waxaa iska lahaa tartanka hore Rurik waxaa kaga dejiyey carshigiisii ka carshiga dalka Russia, xoogga wadaad ah iyo "musaafuriyay" ee Chudov keniisad, ku yaal (ka hor socdaa baabba ') ee qaybta bari ee Kremlin ee Square Imperial ee.

Hermogenees, Wadaad of Moscow iyo waxa aan la diiday adeegga Ilaah oo wuxuu boqorkii dalka Basil, oo in kasta oo wax kasta oo loo arko run subkay inaan carshiga Ruush. Nidarradeedii oo sida Shumsky suufiyadoodii uu garan waayeen sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in shuruud u ah guddiga of nidarradeedii oo waa ku dhawaaqida erayada aad ugaga si toos ah oo ku dhaaratey inay kuwa noqday wadaad ah.

In the case of nidarradeedii Vasily renunciation oo waxaas oo dhan Dhaw uu ku hadlay Tyufyakin Prince - mid ka mid ah mucaaradka si qasab ah boqorka intuu carshigiisii ka rogay. By habka, Wadaad Hermogenees markii dambe Tyufyakina loo yaqaan wadaad ah. At dhigaalka Shumsky, sida ay taariikhyahanadu, yimaado gobolka dhamaadka ah iyo hawlaha siyaasadeed ee Rabbiga oo uu bilaabo inuu wasaaradda carbuunta Asalraacnimadu.

Power magaalada si buuxda loo qabtay boyars. Wadaad ku dhacaa dulli, xukuumadda ayaa helay naaneesta ah "Todobo Boyars" dhega la 'oo dhan looga baahan yahay, dadaallada, talo iyo talooyinka Hermogenees. Oo weliba, in kasta oo si lama filaan ah boyars dhagihii beelay, waqtigan uu racfaan ugu qaylo iyo si adag u maqlay, siinta wadadii xoog leh baraaruga ee Russia ka "hurdo Ibliisku ee."

Halganka loogu jiro carshiga

Ka dib dhigaalka ee boyars Vasily hor su'aal muhiim istaagay - fala Tsar cusub ee Russia. Si wax looga qabto arrintan Zemsky Sobor lagu qabtay, at taas oo tilmaamaysa of view, kala taliyayaasha. Hermogenees ku adkaystay in aragtida ah inuu ku soo laabto carshiga Vasiliya Shuyskogo, iyo sidoo kale, ama haddii ay tahay wax aan macquul aheyn in subkidda oo mid ka mid ah amiirradii oo Golitsyn ama ina ee Rostov Metropolitan yar Mikhail Romanov.

Sida uu awowe dhammaan kaniisadaha Orthodox keentay in ay qabanayaan salaadda Ilaah doorashada Tsar Ruushka. Boyars, markeeda, istaag doorashada carshiga Ruush, ina taliye Polish Sigismund, oo amiir u Vladislav. Poles The noqdeen inay wax shar ah yaruna marka loo eego isku magacaabay Beenta Dmitri II iyo Tushino "ciidan." oo keliya in awowe ay ogaadaan sida masiibo Russia noqon doonaa jidka doortay boyars ah.

Innaba ha maqlina boyars Hermogenees wadahadalo la bilowday dawladda Polish. Natiijadan ayaa waxa ay ka wada hadalka kuwaas oo ahaa heshiiska golaha toddoba on lagu subkado Prince Ladislas boqor. Oo awowe tusay adkaanta dabeecadiisa oo dhan halkan. Waxa uu horey dhowr xaaladaha adag - Vladislav ma noqon kartaa Tsar a Ruush iyaga oo aan qaadan Iimaanka Orthodox ka, Prince baabtiiskii waa in ay qaataan ka hor inta ay ka imanayaan Moscow, guursaday Vladislav yeelan doonaa oo keliya gabar Ruush, in ay joojiyaan dhammaan xiriirka la Pope Catholic iyo katolizizmom dhammaan daliilka ay. Diray inay polish ah shuruudahan, oo ergooyinkii ka soo noqday oo aan jawaab cad u awowe ayaa sheegay in kiiska diidmada of Prince baabtiisay wax wada hadalo dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan isaga subkado hadalka carshiga oo aan la fuliyay.

Duudsigaas Semiboyarshina

Back to Sigismund diray ergo madax Metropolitan Filaret iyo Prince Golitsyn la tilmaamo cad u Wadaad of heer sare ah oo dalbaday in ka ansaxinta Vladislav of Asalraacnimadu. Hermogenees barakeeyey Ergooyin siinayo waajibkooda uu ahaa inay si adag u istaagaan on baahida this, oo aan raacayn tricks ka mid ah boqorkii reer Poland.

Oo markaas Wadaad cusub ee uu maray lama filaan ah. 21 September, habeenkii, kuwii gobta ahaa khiyaano irdaha caasimadda ah ee ciidamada Polish hogaaminayo Hetman Zolkiewski furay. Rabbiga isku dayeen in ay mucaaradka tallaabo this. Laakiin boyars oo dhan jawaabay dhirif in awowe, kiniisadda wax faragelin arrimaha dunida. Sigismund qudhiisu go'aansaday in la qaato carshiga Ruush, dhab ahaantii kaliya ku biiro Russia si Hadalka Pospolitnoy. Tiro badan ee boyars u rajeeyay in ay ku dhaartaan inay daacad u ahaa boqorkii reer Poland. Taa baddalkeeda, Safiirka Ruushka si adag u rumoobay waajibaadka awowe, adkaysatay difaacaneysa danaha qaranka ee gobolka Ruush iyo Masiixiyadda Orthodox ah.

Maalin maalmaha ka mid Rabbiga Germagen ka codsaday shacabka Ruush, kuna waaninaya inay ka soo horjeedaan in doorashada oo ahaa boqorkii dalka taliye Polish of Russia. Hot, la hadal awowe xaqa buuxiyey gaadhay gool, wuxuu helay echo ah nafta oo ka mid ah dadka Ruush.

Boyars warqad kale oo ogolaansho ka haysta vzoshestvii of King Sigismund diray, laakiin sababta oo ah iyaduna ka mid ah iyada saxiixa degan Wadaad danjirayaasha Ruush ka muujiyey in waqti ka xusuusan on ciidda Ruush ganacsi, in dadweynaha ama cilmaani ah, bilaabeen Golaha sheekh Orthodox ah. Oo waa saamiga ee wakhtiyada adag ee hadda ku sii gobolka Ruush oo aan boqorkii a, markaas waxaa jiri soore ugu weyn marka laga reebo in awowe Bole qofna iyo xaliyo ganacsi ma noqon karo iyada oo aan amarkiisa. Angered by Sigismund joojiyay oo dhan wada xaajoodka, danjirayaasha soo noqdeen Moscow.

fiidkii Winter ee 1610 Been Dmitry II la dilay, taasoo farxadda dadka Ruush joogo ka mid ah. Sii kordheysa waxay bilaabeen inay calls for eryidda ee Poles ka dalka Ruushka. Si aad u badbaaday caddayn Poles isu qaar ka mid ah waqtigan. Waxay sheegeen in ay ka Wadaad of Moscow si qarsoodi ah ku faafay oo dhan waajibaadka magaalada, kuwaas oo ku dhiiri dadka in ay soo urura, iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan horumarinta caasimada si ay u ilaaliyaan Orthodox iimaanka Christian iyo cayrinta qalaad ee soo duulay.

Monument in awowe Hermogenees in Square Cas ee Moscow:

Engegnaantiinna aawadeed iimaanka iyo geesinimo ah Wadaad ah

Oo haddana si Hermogenees Wadaad ka xaday halis. Khaa'in Polish iyo casaabadiisa go'aansadeen in ay kala awowe oo dunida ku baahsan si loo joojiyo warbixinta rafcaanka awowe in ay dadka.

January 16, 1611 Ciidamada la geeyay in dhaqd- ee dayrka raggu waxay dhaceen, oo Rabbiga u sakhiray in ay dulli iyo jees jeesi jireen. Laakiin inkastoo karantiimada gebi ahaanba, oo ku baaqay in ay Orthodox Church Ruush ee St. oo dadka ku dhex qaybiyey. magaalooyinka Ruush, markii ugu umpteenth kacay difaaca gobolka. Maleeshiyo loola cararay darbiyada magaalada ay xornimo ka duulay Polish. Bishii Febraayo 1611, ka Wadaad of noqonin Khaa'in u dejiyey isaga iyo xabsi ku rideen godkii mugdiga ah ee keniisad Chudov ah, halkaas oo gaajo iyo haddii kale bahdil ah.

Rabbiga Hermogenees shahiiday 17 January 1612 sano. Inkastoo taariidhyahanadu aadan haysan oggolaansho ah oo ku saabsan arrintan. Sida laga soo xigtay xisaabaadka qaar ka mid ah, Wadaad ka gaajo u dhintay, oo dhinaca kale ah - waxaa si ula kac ah ku sumoobay carbon monoxide ama si xun la ceejiyo.

markii qaar ka mid ah dhimashada Moscow weynaa ka dib ayaa waxaa u tudhay by joogitaanka waxaa in ka mid ah oo polish ah, iyo 21 February, 1613 carshiga Ruush heystey Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov, kii Hermogenees shaki Ilaah baryay.

Markii hore, awowe waxaa lagu aasay keniisad Miracle ah. Ka dibna, meydkii Rabbi ah, waxaa la go'aamiyay inuu u dhaqaaqo Cathedral male ah - karnoo ah ee wadaadada sare ee Moscow. Waxa la ogaaday in xoogga weli ku hadhay incorrupt, sababtoo ah hadhaagii hoos at dhulka ma ahaayeen. Wadaad horraysay ka dhacay 1913.