Wiilasha Catherine 2. Wiilka aan sharciga ahayn ee Catherine 2

Catherine II, malaha mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaad ugu fiican ee taariikhda gobolka Ruush. About iyada lover jecel iyo nolashiisa qaaska ah weli waa halyeeyga. In this article waxaan isku dayi doonaa in ay kala saaraan waa kan ina rasmiga ah ee Catherine 2, iyo cidda ilmaha aan sharci ahayn.

Gaar ahaan dhimashada Empress ka dib, ayay ku dhawri jireen in la taabto. Waa kuwee dadkaan? Akhri oo aad ku baran doonaa.

nolosha shakhsiga ah Empress ah

Maxaa yeelay, Empress All-Ruush ahayd arrin soo jiidasho iyo dumar jecel, waxa la malaysan karo in xasee ayay ku filan "Qalfoofkii."

Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in wiilkiisa keliya ee rasmiga ah ee Catherine 2 - Paul. Kan aabbaha ilmaha agad, waxaan mar dambe kuu sharxi doona, marka aan ka hadlo Alexei Bobrinsk.

Sidaas Sophia of Anhalt-Tserbskaya, ka dib markii laga qaaday magaca Orthodox Catherine ah, kuwaas oo u muuqday in Russia. Hooyo ka mid ah mustaqbalka Emperor Peter III, Elizaveta Petrovna, doortay aroosadda wiilkiisii, oo ay sabab u tahay ayaa joojiyay on musharaxnimada ee amiirad Prussian.

On yimid in gabar wadan cusub si dhab ah ku hawlan barashada dhaqan cusub nafteyda. Waxay si fiican u sayid af Ruush noqdo rumaysadka ee asal raaca. Wax walba uu noqon doono ganaax, laakiin ma gooyo mustaqbalka lahaa Catherine ma aha naxariis ugu yar. Wuxuu arkay fudud sida xuubka khasabka ah, warshad dilka ah la Zino ah.

Sababo la xiriira sida "farxad qoyska" a Princess noqday xiiso ugaadhsaday, ekaysiiyaa, waraaqo la faylosuufiinta Yurub iyo encyclopedists. Waqti ka, iyo waxa ay u muuqataa ugu cadcad shakhsiyeed.

Oo xiiso gaar ah waa ina rasmiga ah ee Catherine 2. Wixii dhowr sano Empress ma heli karto uur ninkeeda ka. Si lama filaan ah wiil u dhashay. ka dib faahfaahin dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan xaaladda this laga wada hadli doono.

Sababta oo ah guur ku guuldareysatay, oo ka dib markii guul Inqilaab Empress ahaa awoodaan in ay si buuxda u fuliyaan sida ay uga go'antahay in "jacayl free." Idinkoo xukumaya ka data, kaas oo natiijada in mid ka mid ah ugu wanaagsan ee iyada biographers, Bartenev, Catherine II nolosha jiray saddex iyo labaatan lover.

Ka mid ah iyaga lagu xusay sida dowlada sida Potemkin iyo Orlov, Saltykov iyo Vasilchikov, Lansky iyo Zorich. Waxa xusid mudan, kaliya Grigory Potemkin noqday ku dhawaad rasmi ah ninkeeda. Inkasta oo aan la dhigay dadweynaha, laakiin waxay lahaayeen aroos qarsoodi ah, Catherine yeedhay oo ilaa iyo dhamaadka nolosha ee waraaqaha iyo qorada uu xaas iyo xaaskiisa isaga qudhiisa. Waxay lahaa gabadh, Elizaveta Grigorevna Temkina.

Sayidka, ka Empress ahaa mid aad u hufada ah iyo hodan shakhsi nolosha. The ugu awoodda badan ee macnaha guud waxaa jiray kaliya labo ka mid ah iyada lover - Orlov iyo Potemkin. All soo socda, sida caadiga ah, ka hor inta ay u noqdaan ugu cadcad ee Catherine, waxay joogeen meel of adjutant Grigory.

At Empress uu lahaa dhowr carruur ah, laakiin wiilasha oo dhan waxay dhashay laba. Waa iyaga oo ku saabsan iyo in la sii hadli doonaa.

ina rasmiga ah ee

On carshiga Empress guulaysteen kaliya ina rasmiga ah ee Catherine iyo 2 Butros 3. magiciisa la odhan jiray Paul waxaan Petrovich.

Waxa uu ahaa awow aad u soo dhaweynayaa in ay ayeeyadiis, Elizabeth. The kakanaanta oo ka mid ah xaaladda at maxkamadda ahaa xaqiiqada ah in toban sano ka dib markii guurka, ee dhaxalka lahaa, si ay carshiga. Warar xan bilaabay inuu wareejin in Peter III ma uu karin inuu uuraystaan farcankaaga, iyo dhammaan kartaa guri ammaan ah.

Elizabeth go'aansadeen in ay soo saaraan ay faragelinta. Si maxkamadda ayaa loo yeedhay qalliinka ugu fiican ee St. Petersburg, kuwaas oo lagu sameeyay qaliin si loo soo saaro phimosis. Sidaas darteed, in sannaddii tobnaad ee guurka rasmiga ah, Catherine II dhashay wiil. Laakiin muddo dheer waxaa jiray warar sheegaya in dhaxalka ma aha aabbe u ahaa boqor iyo jecel amiirad taaj ee - Sergei Saltykov.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, biographers of guri ammaan boqornimada, isagoo sheegay in ay ahayd Peter III ahaa waalidka dhabta ah ee Pavel Petrovich. version Tan maanta go'aansaday inuu xaqiijiyo cilmi. Mid ka mid ah caddayn been muuqaalkiisa. Ka dib oo dhan, oo ahaa ina Catherine 2, Paul (sawirka sawirka kaas oo la soo saari maqaalka) ahayd nuqul ah saxda ah ee Emperor Peter III.

fikrad labaad waxa uu ahaa genotype ee Y-haploid, caadi ah in dhammaan Wiilashii Nicholas I. heshiis Tani waxay gaar ah oo noocyo ka mid ah hal hiddo-a (alleles) meel gaar ah (oo kaledii ah) maps cytological ee koromosoom ah.

Sidaas darteed, maanta, mustaqbalka boqor raacsan ay si toos ah qoyska reer Romanovs ku cadaato. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa ka dhacay sannadihii soo socda la Pavel Petrovich?

Childhood. tababarka

Isla markiiba ka dib dhalashada ina Catherine iyo 2 Butros 3 ayaa laga soocay waalidkood. Ayeeyadii, Elizaveta Petrovna, iftiinka mucaaradka siyaasadeed, waxay ahayd si dhab ah walwalsanahay xaaldda of kii dhaxalka lahaa carshiga.

Hooyada ugu horeysay arkay wiilkeedii kaliya dhamaadka afartan maalmood. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in dhalashada kii dhaxalka lahaa ee guri ammaan ah ka ilaaliya dalka ka isbedelka siyaasadeed ee ku xiga, ay weli dhacay. Laakiin Bawlos intuu aan in yar, ayeeyday qaaday daryeelka ee uu barbaarinta.

Midkoodna Catherine mana Peter ee nolosha ka mid ah Emperor ma uusan ciyaarin wax la taaban karo door. Isla markiiba dhalashada ka dib, ilmaha waxaa ku hareereysan ambabaxay si gaar ah loo doortay, kuwaas oo ka mid ah kalkaaliyayaasha caafimaadka, macalimiinta, kuwa ilaaliya iyo macalimiinta ugu fiican. Ansixinta shaqaalaha shakhsi ahaan ku hawlan Elizaveta Petrovna.

Qofka weyn ee mas'uulka ka ah barbaarinta wiilka noqday Behteev ah diblomaasi oo caan ah. Ninka ayaa la Waali su'aalo ah ee layliga iyo heerka fiican oo la aasaasay anshaxa. Mid ka mid ah qaababka habka waxbarashada ahaa daabaco wargeyska taas oo waxaa loo soo sheegay oo ku saabsan oo dhan dheel dheel gooyo mustaqbalka.

Ka dibna waxa Behteev lagu badalay Panin. barahaaga New qaaday si dhab ah barnaamijka tababarka. In ku dhow yahay inuu ku wastaadyo caan Yurub, Nikita Ivanovich lahaa yiqiin ballaaran. Sidaa darteed, ka mid ah macalimiinta ugu horeysay ahaayeen Paul Metropolitan Platon, Poroshin, grunge iyo Millikan.

Waxaa xusid mudan in wax yiqiin iyo dhiggooda ciyaari jiray kooban. xooga waxa uu ahaa oo keliya waxbarashada ruuxa Aragti. Tsesarevich helay waxbarashada ugu wanaagsan ee uu waqti, laakiin kala waalidka iyo facooda keeni cawaaqib karin.

Wiilka Catherine 2 Pavel Petrovich kacay qof Argagaxaygu. Ka dibna, waxa ay sababi doontaa in eccentricities iyo ficillo fisqi. Mid ka mid ah taasoo keeni doonta in shirqoolay ashtakooday boqorka, iyo inta lagu guda jiro dil Inqilaab ah.

Xiriirka hooyo

Marna si rasmi ah ina Catherine 2 Pavel Petrovich aan la jeclaan hooyadeed. Empress ka maalmood ee ugu horreeya waxaa la tixgeliyaa ilmaha nin la nacay, kan Butros III iyada u ahaa.

Waxaa lagu xamanayaa in dhalmada ka dib of wiilkeeda, ayay qoray doonistiisa ah in on gaarey qaangaarnimada, ayay siin doonaa isaga xukumaan dalka. Laakiin dukumentigan, ninna weligiis ma arag. Fakari karin xaqiiqda waxaa xaqiijiyay falalka xiga ee Empress ah.

Sannad kasta, oo ahaa ina Catherine 2 Paul sii kordheysa qalaad hooyadii arrimaha guud ee dadweynaha. Waxa uu soo gaaray macalimiinta ugu fiican, ugu Raaxaynay xiisaha cilmiga kala duwan. golaha koowaad ee dagaalka, taas oo Empress u yeedhay isaga, ka dhacay 1783, taas oo ah, marka Pavel Petrovich ahaa sagaal iyo labaatan sannadood.

At shirkan iyo farqiga final ah halbeegyada tayada u dhaxeeya.

Ka hor this, Catherine Empress II Raaxaynay faafiyay ku saabsan uu ku dhashay by Saltykov. Waxay kale oo ay taageereen fikradda ah dheelitir la'aanta iyo axmaqnimo ah ee Prince Crown.

Maanta waa adag tahay in la xukumo, laakiin dadka caadiga ah, kuwaas oo ku qanacsanayn siyaasadda ee Empress ah, waxay ahaayeen dhinaca of Paul Petrovich. Sidaas daraaddeed, Emelyan Pugachev yaboohoodu yahay ka dib markii uu afgambi uu siiyo awood. Magaca Prince Crown waxay ka dhawaajiyeen marka cudurku mudaharaad ee Moscow. Mucaaradka, ayaa waxa hoggaaminayey musaafuriyay Benevskaya sidoo kale dhaartay boqor dhallinyarada.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, nolosha Catherine II sugayay arooska ina rasmi ah ugu weynaa ee Paul Alexander. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxay awoodi doonaan in ay gacan xoog in uu awow inay garab ilmaha nacay. Laakiin intuu dhintay ka dib, Xoghayaha Bezborod'ko manifesto ka baabbi'iyeen badan Tsarevich badbaadiyey ka qabtay oo gacan ka uu u dabbaaldegaan, in carshiga. Intii lagu guda jiray ka dib, waxa uu helay darajadana ku xiga gobolka ee Chancellor ah.

Life at Gatchina

ina rasmiga ah ee Catherine 2 Pavel Petrovich, dhowr sano TRAVEL Western Europe ka dib markii uu degay estate ee Tirinta dabayaaqadii Grigoriya Grigorevicha Orlova. Ka hor inta in wax taaj oo amiir u ahaa ayaa laba jeer guursaday.

Xaaskiisa kowaad wuxuu ahaa Wilhelmina of Hesse-Darmstadt (markaas Emperor Paul ahaa sagaal iyo toban). Laakiin ka dib markii laba sano iyo badh ah, iyada ku dhintay dhalmada iyo soo gaaray aroosadda cusub.

Waxay ahayd Sophia Doroteya Vyurtembergskaya, gabadh ka mid ah Duke of Wurttemberg. Musharrax Emperor shakhsi doortay Boqorka Prussia Frederick II. Waxaa xusid mudan in ay ka timaadaa magac la mid ah sida Catherine ee Great, hooyada of Paul Petrovich.

Sidaas darteed, ka dib markii sannad iyo badh safraya newlyweds laba degay Gatchina, estate hore ee Tiri Orlov. Waxa xiiso leh in, sida lagu sheegay warbixin ka soo securities dawladda iyo xaafadaha waraaqaha ganacsiga, Prince Crown iyo xaaskiisa si joogto ah addoommadaada iyo qaraabada dhacay. Marka mushaharka weyn waagaas in laba boqol iyo konton kun rubles sannadkii ina Catherine 2 1 Paul waa si joogto ah u baahan deyn.

Waxaa boqor Gatchina mustaqbalka helo a "toy" ciidan. Waxay ahayd dhismaha a military, la mid ah khaanadaha farxad leh Petra Velikogo. Inkastoo saffarro iyo cilmi-of our time hadlay aad u xun ka dhanka ah damacyo sida of Prince Crown, wuxuuse lahaan opinion ka soo horjeeda.

Iyada oo ku saleysan xogta ku saabsan wax baridda, armaajo oo ma aha kuwa xaqa gaardis ah iyo maraan. Waxa uu ahaa mid yar, laakiin si fiican u tababaran oo ciidankii waqtiga. Tusaale ahaan, waxay ku baray si ay u muujiyaan badda ah, waxay awoodi karaan inay habeen iyo maalin u dagaalami jiray. Kuwani iyo dad badan oo xeeladaha kale ee si joogto ah lagu akhriyo korkooda la ina Catherine 2.

ina sharci darrada ah

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jiray wiil aan sharci darrada ah ee Catherine 2. Magaciisa waxaa Alex G .. Ka dibna, wiilka siiyey magaca Bobrinsky, ka dib markii xaafadaha Bobriki (hadda magaalada Bogoroditsk ee gobolka Tula).

2 ina Catherine iyo Orlov, sida ay contemporaries, wuxuu ahaa mid aad u xishood iyo wiil xasilloon. In maxkamaddu waxaa jiray warar xan ah oo ku saabsan "-maskax cidhiidhi ah ee maskaxdiisa," maxaa yeelay, ee saddex iyo toban sano oo uu aqoon kooban oo Faransiis iyo Jarmal, iyo sidoo kale bilowga xisaabta iyo juqraafiga.

kiiska xiiso leh waxa uu la xidhiidhaa dhalashada Alekseya Bobrinskogo. Bishii December 1761, Empress Elizabeth dhintay, iyo taariikhda carshiga reer binu wiilkeeda Peter III dib. Event keenaysaa in fasax final u dhexeeya Catherine iyo xaaskaaga. Haweenay loo soo diray in ay ku noolaadaan garabka ka soo horjeeda ee Palace Winter ah.

Waxaa xusid mudan, laakiin ay dhacdo la mid ah ma yeeleen xanaaqsan. Oo wakhtigaas, oo iyana waxay ahayd a jecel Grigory Orlov. Afar bilood ka dib, bishii April 1762, markii in ay dhalaan wiil by lover this. Si aad u yeelaan aabbanimada ee Peter III ahayd wax aan macquul aheyn.

Sidaa darteed, waxaa la qaaday jeedin asalka ah ee dhacdooyinka. Taalo Empress, Basil Shkurin, oo dhigaya dab gurigiisii. Sida Emperor jecel yahay in uu dabka jecel, wuxuu, wada jir ah ula ambabaxay xarunta madaxtooyada inay ku raaxaystaan dhisneyn ciyaarihii fiicnaa ee. Wakhtigan, Catherine II dhashay wiil a by Grigoriya Orlova.

Ka hor inta inqilaabkii sheego jiritaankeeda ahaa doqon iyo khatar ah, sidaa darteed wiilka isla markiiba siin taalo aamin foster, taas oo ah in ka badan guri nagaadi ah soo jiidasho leh oo ku saabsan goobta gubay la dhisay.

carruurnimada

Sayidka, ina Catherine iyo 2 Grigory Orlov waxaa sara kiciyey reer garderobmeystera Basil Shkurina ka dib wuxuu la siin doono darajo ee ay taalo. Ilaa laba iyo toban sannadood Alex noolaa oo bartay iyo wiilashiisii. In 1770, wada ay u tagaan ilaa afar sano oo Leipzig. Waxaa jira si gaar ah loo guddiga waxaa la abuuray Waayo, kuwaas oo wiilasha.

In 1772, Alekseya Bobrinskogo laba sano waxaa la geeyaa iyada oo ay kormeerayaan ciidanka Neapolitan ee Marshal Iosifa De Ribas. Ka dibna, markii ugu qaatay wiilkii sharci darrada ah ee Empress ah, tiriyey reer Spain, oo wuxuu u soo booda ee jagooyinka caan ah ee Russia. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa Deribas (sida caadada Ruush, wuxuu bilaabay inuu qoro magiciisa) door weyn ka abuurista dekeda la yidhaa Odessa. Oo isaga dabadiisna waxaa la odhan jiray jidadka ugu caansan magaalada.

At saddex iyo toban, Alex Bobrinsky in Empire Ruush ah iyo qashin si Betsky soo laabtay. Isla mar ahaantaana, wiilka cabanaya estate ee Bobryk taageero maaddi ah.

Sida laga soo xigtay The Guardian-ka iyo macalinka, ina Catherine 2 Alex ma ahayn aqoon badan iyo dabagalka ee sayniska. kaliya uu doonayay inuu ka farxin hooyadiis. wiil maskax way xasilloonayd, deji oo la jaan qaadka.

Ivan Ivanovich Betskoy, isagoo tiradaasi caan ah gudbikaraa oo ka mid ah waxbarashada ee St. Petersburg, saamayn ku filan oo xoog leh ma aha oo kaliya on tababarka Alekseya Bobrinskogo, laakiin sidoo kale on horumarinta Iosifa De Ribas.

In labaatan sannadood, Ninkii dhallintayaraa ee dhamaanayaa waxbarashada kiiska. Waana abaalmarin, uu helo bilada dahabka ah iyo kacsantahay in taliyuhu uu Sarreeye.

safar

Ka dib markii koorso of tababar wiilkii sida Catherine 2 iyo Grigory Orlov ayaa casaan iyo diray on safar of Western Europe. waa waxaan idinku leeyahay, halkan waxaan ku leeyihiin tusaale sida Empress jecel yahay ninkaas dhallinyarada ah oo qaaday daryeel isaga.

Aleksey Grigorevich Bobrinsky la qalin ugu fiican ee jirka Safar ah iyada oo ay kormeerayaan saynisyahano iyo ciidamada. Sida laga soo xigtay cilmiga Ruush Nikolai iyaga Ozeretskovsky la socday, lexicographer, xubin ka mid ah Academy Ruush ee Sciences iyo St. Petersburg. Carruurta ayaa booqday Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Yekaterinburg, Yaroslavl, Simbirsk, Ufa, jaaket, Taganrog, Kherson iyo Kiev.

Meeshii isaga ku xigtayna ee Warsaw waxaa madax looga dhigay ee Colonel Aleksey Bushuev, kuwaas oo sii Qalinjabiyeyaasha safarka ay Western Europe. Waxaa booqday Austria, Italy iyo Switzerland. Barnaamijka dhamaaday kalabadhka in Paris.

Sababta ahaa in wiilka Catherine 2, iyo Tiri Orlov noqday xiiso khamaarka iyo gabdhaha. Ma jiraan wax ka sarraysa oo ku saabsan da'diisa waa, laakiin waxaa jiray is fahan ah oo ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in inaan isaga diro lacag ka Empress (saddex kun) noolaa saaxiibbadiis oo dhan. Laakiin maaliyadda kuma filna iyo mid Alekseyu Bobrinskomu.

In view of xaaladda hadda jirta ee ka qalin-ka France ayaa gurigiisii u diray, oo ahaa ina Empress ah weli loo ogol yahay in ay ku noolaadaan in Europe. Halkan wuxuu ku dhex jiraa deynta, oo waxay noqdeen xiiso nolosha duurjoogta ah.

Sidaas darteed, Ekaterina Velikaya ku amray inay soo qabtaan isaga si Russia. Tiri Vorontsov leh dhibaatooyin dhowr weli hawsha niyad jabka, iyo Alekseya Bobrinskogo degay dheregno. Meeshan waxa uu noqday nooc ka mid ah "xabsi guri" isaga. Inta lagu jiro safarka ay ku tagayaan Europe, wuxuu u dallacsiiyey in taliyuhu uu kabtan labaad (Sarreeye sare casriga ah).

Xiriirka Catherine II

Isla markiiba ka dib dhalashada wiilka Catherine 2 Bobrinsky riyaaqay meesha uu hooyada. Waxa uu helay arrin waxbarasho wanaagsan. Empress intii suurtogal ah si ay u taageeraan oo caawiyaan oo dhan. Laakiin sabab u la'aanta nin dhallinyaro ah ee toosiyaan iyo go'an tahay in ay adeeg loo daryeelo sida figurines galaas.

tub waxa uu ahaa failure ee Alexei Bobrinsky halka safraya Western Europe. Waxa uu eryey si fiican u xiiso qaab saddex kun (ka Creative oo Empress xoogaysatay for). Sidoo kale, ka dib markii ay fariimo ka mid ah Ruush khamaarka deymaha lagu wareejiyay kale shan iyo toddobaatan kun.

Laakiin ma aysan caawin. Ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa ayaa ku dhaadhacday ilaa hoos mar. By Catherine codsiga Great ee isaga u muddo ah u eegay ka dib markii Friedrich Grimm, qoraa iyo diblomaasi Faransiis. Ka dib markii uu shaqada this sabab u ah wiilasha hoggaansanaan la'aan diiday, Catherine 2 iyo ina tirin Orlov loo diray Russia.

Empress The qaaday tallaabo this, tan iyo dhaqanka wiilka boolidii iyada sumcad.

Sida muuqata, isagoo dheregno la mamnuucidda in ay magaalada ka baxaan, Alex Bobrinsky ogaaday qoto dheer ee uu dambiga. Tani waa caddayn ka codsiyada joogto dhaaf iyo fasax inay u soo guuraan caasimadda. Natiijada waxa ay aheyd casaan ah ciidamada militariga ee ku darajo wayn ee Sarreeye Guuto.

At laba iyo soddon sannadood, Empress uu ina ogol yahay in ay soo iibsadaan qalcaddii ah Livonia, halkaas oo labo sano ka dib wuxuu guursaday Baroness Urgyen-Sternberg. Sababtoo ah ee arooska Alekseyu Bobrinskomu ogol yahay dhowr maalmood si ay u yimaadaan si ay caasimadda si Catherine II eegay aroosadda.

Ka dib markii in, ayuu wuxuu tegey qalcaddii Ober-Palen, halkaas oo uu ku noolaa ilaa geeridii hooyadiis.

Xiriirka Paul waxaan

Qaab daran oo ku filan, laakiin Alexei Bobrinsky, ina Catherine 2, taageerada buuxda oo walaac ka Emperor Paul ee I. uu tahiin isaga laga xoreeyey xabsi guri, ayaa kor u kacay in ka badan waqti ay guud ee waaweyn. Waxa uu sidoo kale abaal walaalkiis Order of St. Anne iyo siiyey commandery.

Si lama filaan ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wiilkii sharci darrada ah ee Catherine 2 dhaco ka waayay. In lix iyo soddon sannadood ee uu sare eryay adeegga, loogama qaadi of darajo oo ay ugu hoydaan ee xaafadda Bobriki.

Alexey Grigoryevich ogolaaday inuu booqdo caasimadda iyo qufulka in Livonia, laakiin mamnuucay wax kasta oo arrimaha gobolka iyo military.

Ilaa uu ka dhinto Alexei Bobrinsky, ina Catherine 2, bartay xiddigaha, mineralogy iyo beeraha. Oo waxaa lagu aasay crypt ee xaafadaha ee gobolka Tula.