Order ee St. Anne. Order of Empire Ruushka

Order The of Saint Anne waxaa la aasaasay 1735 by Duke Karl Friedrich, Jarmal u dhashay. Waxa uu in 1725 guursaday gabadhii Emperor Peter aan, Anna. Markii hore amarka loo maleeyey sida a abaalmarinta saldanadii, laakiin mustaqbalka xaalka ayaa si weyn u bedelay.

Duchess Anne aan muddo dheer ku noolaa guur ku faraxsan yahay, wuxuuna ku dhintay 1728, ku dhawaad isla markiiba ka dib dhalashada daran kii dhaxalka lahaa mustaqbalka carshiga. dhimashada oo uu naagtiisa jecel Carl Friedrich Ka dib markii ay go'aansadeen in ay immortalize iyada xasuusta by wareejinta image ah Duchess la sanam on Order ee jiilka xiga kii dhaxalka lahaa carshiga. Inta lagu guda jiro nolosha Duke of si this waxaan ka helnay 15 maadooyinka Jarmal in.

Tan iyo waqti in, iyo taliyayaashii Russia ayaa la xiray muddo kooban xoog, ka tago carshiga in duruufaha ka baxsan awoodooda.

Kii dhaxalka lahaa Elizabeth II

kii dhaxalka lahaa mustaqbalkiisa u carshiyadii Ruush iyo Holsten oo la odhan jiray Carl-Peter Ulrich. Waxa uu dhaxlay carshiga ka dib markii Elizabeth II, kuwaas oo carruurna ma ay lahayn ee iyaga u gaar ah, amar rasmiga ah waxa uu go'aansaday in la dhiso on carshigii uu adeer, ka dib markii taas wiilkii waa gaadiid ka Duchy of Holsten ee Russia.

xaaladda Order State

Tan iyo Order ee St. Anne ahaa abaalmarinta saldanadii, wuxuu u dhaqaaqay Russia, Peter III ee, wuxuu noqday Master Grand of Order oo ku saabsan dhaxalka Aabbihiis, ayuu wuxuu soo qaatay abaalmarinta ugu sareysa oo ka mid ah Duchy of Holsten oo la. Marka in 1742 uu si rasmi ah uguma carshiga, waxaa la go'aamiyay in la dhiso Order ee ku darajo wayn ee abaalmarinta state ee Russia.

kii dhaxalka lahaa cusub oo carshiga ku

Taariikhda Empire Ruush ah si toos ah maalmaha la dhacdooyinkii naxdinta lahaa, ugu weyn ee oo ahaa dhacdada in tagay calaamad ah tirtiri karin on taariikhda casriga ah ka buuxiyeen. Oo waxay noqotay in 1762, markii boqornimadii Paul III ee, kaas oo socday muddo 6 bilood ah, si naxdin leh ku dhamaatay. Oo waxay noqotay iyada oo sababtu tahay shirqool lagu baddalo ka yimid carshiga xaggiisa, oo uu afadiisa sameeyey. uu dhintay ka dib, Russia ee pre-kacaan helay kii dhaxalka lahaa cusub oo carshiga - Paul Waxaan, kuwaas oo ku dhashay 1754.

Catherine II Board

Sida waqtiga dhimashada ka Emperor hadda Paul waxaan aad u yar ay u xukumaan wixii carshiga la, miisaanka oo dhan guddiga ku dul garbaha u ahaa hooyadiis, oo ahaa si toos ah masuul ka ah dhimashada aabbihiis. Taariikhda Empire Ruush waqtigan helo boost weyn horumarinta hoos jihada of Catherine II. Shaki la'aan, waa Empress ugu caansan ee ka dambeeya waqtiga ka baxsan Russia.

macnaha qarsoon ee abaalmarinta

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in abaalmarinta of Empire Ruushka khilaafeen xarrago gaar ah, Paul Waxaan dareemay dareen ku dhiiran saxda ah ee la xiriirta Order ee St. Anne. Sababta waa mid fudud ku filan. On mid ka mid ah hababka Moscow ee, qabanqaabiyaa 1762, Bawlosna waan la soo bandhigay markii ugu horeysay quruxda Anna Petrovna, gabadhii PV a Senator degaanka Lopuchin.

Iyadu waa sidaas ku faraxsan ashtakooday in uu ku adkeystay on dhaqaaqin qoyska iyada oo dhan ee St. Petersburg. Belle aabihiis ka Emperor ka helay horyaalka amiirku iyo hal ku dhiga qoyska. Tan iyo waqti in, tarjumaadda Cibraaniga ee Anna magaca - "nimcada" - waxa uu noqday kibirka ah Lopukhins qoyska princely.

Laga soo bilaabo tan bilaabin sheekada ugu weyn ee Order ee pre-kacaan Russia. Sida laga soo xigtay waraaqaha rasmiga ah ee qoyska Imperial in uu ka badbaaday in maalinta la joogo. Catherine II rumeysan yahay habdhaqanka habruhu waa inay ina Order ee ciyaarta carruurta funny, laakiin tan iyo wakhtigaas, sida gooyo mustaqbalka kulmay soo dhaweynta la Anna Petrovna, wuxuu bilaabay inuu qaado macnaha dheeraad ah oo qarsoodi ah. Haddaba, Order ee St. Anne micno tahay inuu sida ugu badan ee loogu talagalay aasaasihii Order ee Karla Fridriha.

Nuqulada Amarka, helay xaaladda gobolka

Sida ay waraaqo ka sii raagayaan dhexeeya Catherine Empress II iyo baraha Paul waxaan, a amar Imperial gaar ah waxaa la abuuray, sida laga soo xigtay oo Bawlosna waan xaq sharci ah in abaalmarinta uu wakiil amar this Sirkaalkii kasta, kala ahaayeen rag gaar ah.

Laakiin Emperor caasiyoobay this uusan ku filnayn, iyo inuu go'aansaday inuu si qarsoodi ah hooyo amaanaa, looma haysto inuu yahay mid istaahila in Order abaalmarinta St. Anne, abuuro nuqul yar badan oo aan rasmi ahayn inuu ku Abaal mariyo maadooyinka ay. iyaga Xiro in ay ku tiirsanaadaan hilt seeftiisana si ay u, haddii loo baahdo, waxaa si fudud loo qarin karo indhaha prying ka, iyo in ay dhacdo isku dhacyo hubeysan dabooli by feer.

diidmada ah ee kibir Jarmalka uu

In 1773 Catherine II gebi ahaanba ka tagaa dhammaan xuquuqaha, horyaal iyo mudnaanta in la siiyaa iyada oo dhaxla Carshigeeda Holsten in. Tan iyo waqti in, amarka of 1 degree mar dambe la guddoonsiin doonaa dhaxla guri ammaan ah Imperial, laakiin sida Paul waxaan ku Nagaaday Master-ka rasmiga ee Grand Amarka, waxa ku hadhay, waayo xaq rasmi ah ka abaalmarinaynaa on iyaga u gaar ah.

Dabaaldega of Paul I

Dabaaldega of Paul waxaan hoos u dhacay on November 12, 1797. On maanta, ayuu si rasmi ah accedes carshiga ku xidhan, oo Russia ah pre-kacaan helo in uu sheekada gooyo cusub, mid ka mid ah amarrada ugu horeysay ee kaas oo ah dhismaha Order of St .. Anna si darajo ee abaalmarinta state iyo qeybinta 3 ilaa xad waaweyn. Haddaba nuqul ka mid ah amarka, kaas oo loo sameeyey in dhalinyarada Emperor ee, helay sharci oo loola dhaqmo 3 digrii.

Markii hore waxaa loo maleeyey in taliyayaashii Russia ayaa waxaa la guddoonsiin doonaa sida ay Order oo ka mid ah saraakiisha kaliya. Order of muuqaalka waa si toos ah ay ku xidhan tahay heerka uu gaarsiisan oo uu ku lahaa. Its size ku xiran tahay heerka dhaxaysey 3.5 cm in 5.2 cm.

1. Order of St. Anne 1 degree - yayna la dheeman. Gasho noocan oo kale ah Order isku hallaysay xirmado ballaadhan cas oo nabrahoodii huruud ah in la kordhiyo weheliyaan geesaha leh. Waxay isaga isku mar la siiyay xiddiga lacag ah. Iyo xiddigtii lahaa inuu ku dhajisan uu garabka midig, iyo Order ku dhex bidix. On soo jeeda oo dahab ah oo uu ku yaalay xiddiga sideed-dhuuban ee xarunta of taas oo loo dhigay karoos cas. Ilaa ay goobada warqadihii Latin dhiga oo ka mid ah Order Amantibus Justitiam Pietatem Fidem waxaa soo minguuriyey, sidaas darteed, ka kala iibsiga la soo gabagabeeyey karaa in ay abaal aaminka ah oo dadka taqi ah.

midabka Red iskutallaabta la gaaray by daahan la dhaldhalaalka, ku hareereysan soohdinta ah oo dahab ah oo khafiif ah. In xarunta of iskutallaabta ku taallay image ah oo ka mid ah outlet Duchess Anna White on a dhererka buuxa. Waxaa sidoo kale waxa ku wareegsan waxaa soohdinta dahab ah. On dhinaca dambe waxa ay ku taallay Order monogram Duchess qaybiyay isticmaalaya dhaldhalaalka buluug. Kor image ee wajiga of Anna dul heehaabayeen laba malaa'igood oo haysta gacmahooda ku taajkii Imperial.

In 1829, qobays diamond ah ayaa kaliya abaalmarinta la siiyaa muwaadiniinta shisheeye, iyo tan iyo 1874tii ayaa loo beddeli image of taajkii Imperial ku amar oo ahaa darajadii ugu horeysay.

2. Order ee St. Anne 2 darajo - dejiyo oo muraayad cut dhagax weyn. Waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in ay xirtaan luqunta, isagoo ku xidheen shalash cidhiidhi ah. Asal ahaan, waxaa la siiyaa shakhsiyaadka, in aan la aqbali iimaanka Christian, iyo baayacmushtariyadii. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, image this Order of Anna lagu badalay gorgorka oo laba-madax. On dambe ee amarka by midabka Azure sameeyey bandhigay gaabiyay dhiga AIPF Amarka, kuwaas oo ahaa ujeedada ay u Xusuusi abaalmariyey, in Countess ahaa gabadhii Peter I. The Silver Star aan la isku halleeyeen.

3. Order of St. Anne 3 degree - duwanaansho ugu badan. Gasho isku hallaysay hilt seeftiisana. Waa goobo yar gudahood oo dhaldhalaalka cross waxaa ku yaalla giraanta mid ah waxyaabaha la isku, iyadoo labada qaybood lagu sameeyey midab guduudan.

13 sano ka dib aqoonsi rasmi ah sida abaalmarinta ah gobolka waday sharciyada la beddelay. Haddaba Waxaan u lahaa in biinka ah Bantu, midabka ah taas oo ahayd in si degdeg ah ayaa muujinaya iska siiyay ciidan ama dad rayid ah. Sida ay amarka 1847, Order of 3 digrii, waxaa la go'aamiyay inuu ku Abaal mariyo kuwa madaxda u adeegi jireen ugu yaraan 12 sano on meel la mid ah oo aan ka yarayn 13 fasalka. Tan iyo markaas, abaalmarinta ayaa dhab noqon halleeyeen abaal marin u bixinayno adeegidda dheer.

4. Order of 4 darajo St. Anne ee - waxaa la aasaasay by ina Paul I - Emperor Alexander I. degree Tani waa in lagu amaal saraakiisha ciidamada. Order loo moodayay in ay xirtaan on hubka loo isticmaalo qaab Ciidamada, kaas oo la siiyo wejiga.

Waxaa ka mid ah maadooyinka of Ruush Emperor ee Alexander I, Order of 4 darajo ayaa loo magacaabay "karamberriga". Waxa ay tahay in ay size kama badna 2.5 cm oo si sax ah uu ahaa midabka la mid ah sida berry this. Haddii sarkaalka kaasoo markii hore lagu abaalmariyey Order ee heerka 4aad, abaal abaalmarin sare loo moodayay in ay iyaga xirtaan waqti isku mid ah.

Name Order degrees 4 beddelmay si sax ah hal sano ka dib Order Duugga ah xeerka isbedel lagu sameeyay 3 digrii. "Geesinimo" hadda waxaa loo moodayay in aad ku darto sanduuq set-top khasab ah.

Taariikhda abaalmarinta

Laga bilaabo 1857, ashtakooday boqorka amar ah oo saraakiisha ciidamada la siiyay ma aha oo kaliya in Amarka, halkaas oo image ee Anna Duchess la bedelay laba seefaha gudbeen, laakiin sidoo kale sujuudi midabka cas oo dhalaalaya, si ay aragti dadka mar kale helay xaqiijin, maxaa yeelay, hadda qof kuwaas oo arkay abaalmarinta la mid ah, loo yaqaan "Taliyaha karamberriga Order" gadaashiisa.

waxaa abaal marinta ah "karamberriga" Order ilaa dhigay in Revolution ee 1917 , markii oo dhan abaalmarinta ee boqortooyada Saarka ayaa si rasmi ah la joojiyay dawladda cusub.

Si jeweled amar The 1 iyo 2 degree waxaa si weyn u habaynta, inkasta oo ma saamayn hal-abuurnimo iyo awardees ee ajnabiga ah.

casriyeynta Amarka

Dhammaadkii qarnigii XIX iyo bedelay habka go'aanka oggolaanshaha Order of 3 digrii. Horeba tan iyo 1847 si ay kormeer abaalmarinta ayaa looga baahan yahay in ay u adeegaan ee ciidanka ama sarkaalka post ee aan ka yarayn 8 sano. Intaa waxaa dheer, ka badan iyo ka bedelay muuqaalka amarka of 3 digrii. Tan iyo 1855 2 seefaha gudbeen lagu daray in ay.

Ilaa bartamihii qarnigii XIX ah, qof kasta oo la dhigay abaalmarinta, helay in lagu daro gargaarka qaarkood Amarka ah. Sidaas, marka lagu daro darajo kasta oo ah Order waxaa loo moodayay iyo knighthood ah, laakiin sababta oo ah heerka sare ee awardees qaanuunkan bedelay, taasoo ka dhigeysa abtirsan jiray qabiilka loo magacaabay oo kaliya loogu talagalay dadka abaal Order ee heerka 1-dii. Qaar kalena waxay ku siin sharaf horyaalka kaliya, ma kala iibsiga si uu u hadha.

Haddii ay sidaa tahay, haddii abaalmarinta la siiyay baayacmushtariyaasha ama dadka aan diinta kiristaanka, waxayna la mid noqdeen muwaadiniin sharafeedka Empire Ruush ah, Waxaa lagu.

The dad ugu fiican u yaqaan, abaal Order:

• Lieutenant General Vasiliy Ivanovich Suvorov - abaal Elizabeth ah.
• Generalissimo Aleksandr Vasilevich Suvorov - Holsten oo helay Order ee St. Anne.
• Kutuzov, helay Order ee St. Anna sida uu abaalmarinta ugu horeysay ee 1789.

Award Achievement Lifetime

isgaarsiinta Badge. Anna ama Anna ee billadaha, aasaasay 1796 by Paul 1 iyo jiray bilad dahab qufilan ah, taas oo ahayd xarunta iskutallaabta cas. Waxaa la siiyay ciidamada, taas oo Seniority dhaafto 20 sano.

Waxa intaa dheer in abaalmarinta dheeraad ah oo magdhow lacageed isku halleeyeen, xaddiga taas oo si toos ah ay ku xidhan tahay mudnaanta iyo xaaladda la guddoonsiin doonaa, oo ay gaari karaan $ 100.

Order 3 ama 4 aan qaanso iyo lacag la siiyay si ay u dhiirigeliyaan saraakiisha-wakiishay aan, dhererka adeegga ayaa in ka badan 10 sano.

Awards ee Empire Ruushka

• Dalbo Andreya Pervozvannogo - Peter Waxaan la aasaasay 1698. wuuna ku Abaal marin ay geesinimada iyo daacad u ah dalkiisa iyo Emperor ah. Sida ay legend, Peter weyn, kuwaas oo ka soo safar ku soo laabtay England, ay doonayeen in ay bilad la mid ah waxa uu arkay in Russia.
• Order of Liberation - aasaasay Peter Weyn ee 1713. Inta lagu guda jiro nolosha Peter waxaan abaalmarintan ka gacmaha Emperor kaliya naagtiisa helay Catherine A .. dhacdo A xusuus dhacay November 24, 1714.

In mustaqbalka, waxay la siiyay Haweenka tirooyinka Ruush caanka ah ee hawlaha bulshada waxtar leh. Waxaa markii hore uuraysatay abaal marin dhaqanka haboon naagtii Imperial inta lagu jiro olole lagu guulaysan Prussian ee 1711.

Sida ay legend, ka dib markii ay ciidamada Ruush ah ayaa ku hareereysan Turkigu, Catherine deeqay ay dahabka in la laaluusho taliyaha Turkish, si ciidamada ku guulaysteen in nabad iyo guriga ku soo noqdo. Goobjoogayaal dhacdadan ma xaqiijin kala iibsiga ee laysku sharxo sida laaluush, laakiin dhaqanka hufan uur Empress la xusay by military oo dhan. Order lahaa fasalka 2, lagu gartaa kala duwan dhagaxyo goo. degree hore waxaa sameeyay yayna ku leh dheeman, iyo tan labaad - galaas cut buurta.

• Order Aleksandra Nevskogo - Catherine waxaan oogi ee 1725. Loogu tala galay inuu ku Abaal mariyo mas'uuliyiinta dawladda sare. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee abaalmarintaan waxaa loo sameeyey si waafaqsan amarkii maalinta arooska ee Peter waxaan u Catherine I. Abaalmarinta waxaa helay 18 qof.
• Order Military of St George - oogi by Catherine II ee 1769. Abaalmariyey askari kuwaas oo ay muujiyeen geesinimo gaar ah ee dagaalka. Waxaan lahaa afar darajo oo ka mid ah farqiga.
• Order of Prince Vladimir - oogi by Catherine II ee 1782. Siiyay shaqaalaha iyo saraakiishii reer safafka dhexe. Tirada dadka qaata waa kuma koobna. Waxaa la soo saaray afar darajo oo kala duwan.
• Order of isgaarsiinta. Anne iyo Malta Cross - oogi Paul aniga iyo wiilkiisa Alexander I, kaabaya si qabanaya. Anne ayaa 4 darajo ee 1797. Siiyay shaqaalaha ciidan iyo dad rayid ah, si siman isu kala duwanaayeen ka hor gooyo. Order of Cross Malta ka muuqday markii qabtay Masar iyo Malta, Napoleon si toos ah loo bixiyey inuu Emperor Bawlosna waan in ay aqbalaan sharafta Master Grand Order of St. John Yeruusaalem.
• Order of White Eagle ah, Order ee St. Stanislaus iyo Order of Virtuti Militari - aasaasay by Nicholas I ee 1831. amarada Kuwaasu waxay ahaayeen qayb ka mid ah amarada Ruush ka dib markii goysiga ah ee Poland Ruush ah. Waxaa la soo bandhigay in ciidamada Polish geesinimo ee dagaalka. Oo darto amarada, kuwaas oo kaliya loo qaadi kari waayeen shan sano gudahood laga bilaabo taariikhda dhammaadka colaadaha.
• Order of Princess Olga - oogi by Nicholas II ee 1913. Siiyay qof dumar ah oo loogu talagalay dhalista ee adeegga dadweynaha. Sida laga soo xigtay Order ee abaalmarinta waayeen isaga qudhiisu labada boqor, ama qofka yaddiisa ku jiray shahaado gaar ah Imperial.

Dhamaadka qoraalkan waxaan jeclaan lahaa in mar kale ay xoogga saaraan ka qayb qiimo of pre-kacaan Russia guri ammaan talada haya ee abuurka ah ee ay dawladda casriga ah, taariikhda oo dhan formation waa ilaa kacaanka ee 1917 la ogan karo on amar ka helay by shaqsiyad ugu fiican waqtiga.