Xarafka "d": adag ama jilicsan qaba? Falanqaynta guun ah hadalka

xarafka "d": adag ama jilicsan qaba? Su'aashani waxaa inta badan la weydiiyay by ardayda, kuwaas oo u baahan in ay fahmaan erayada sida ay xeerarka hodonimada Afkan. Jawaabta waxaad u yar oo dheeraad ah u hesho.

Guudmarka

Ka hor inta aan ka hadlo waxa uu xarafka "d" (jilicsan ama adag), waa in aad ogaato sababta xarfaha alifbeetada Ruush guud ahaan kala qaybsan yihiin oo ku salaysan sida.

Xaqiiqada ah in eray kasta wuxuu leeyahay baqshadda dhawaaq u gaar ah, kaas oo ka kooban codadka shakhsiga. Waa in la ogaadaa in codka ah ee ra'yi dhiibashada buuxda rabid miraheeda. Isla mar ahaantaana in erayada kala duwan iyo qaababka ay saamaynta dhawaaqa gabi ahaanba ka duwan. Oo codadka isu leeyihiin macnaha lahayn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ka ciyaaraan door muhiim ah ka af Ruush. Indeed, iyaga mahad, waxaan si fudud u kala saari karaa erayada. Halkan waxaa ku qoran tusaale:

• [Building] - [Akeldama '] - [do'ma];
• [M'el] - [m'el '], [Volume] - [waxaa], [guriga] - [in].

qoraal

Maxay tahay sababta aan u baahan tahay macluumaad ku saabsan waxa uu xarafka "d" (adag ama jilicsan)? Inta lagu guda jiro falanqaynta guun ah hadalka waxa aad u muhiim ah in aad si sax ah u muujiyaan qoraal ah, kaas oo kuu sharaxaya xiinkeeda. In nidaamka noocan oo kale ah waa wax caadi ah in ay isticmaalaan characters soo socda:

[] - tilmaamahaasi yeedhay oo qows. Waxay hubaal saaray si loogu yeero qoraal.

[ '] - waa lahjadda ah. Waa inuu gashadaa, haddii hadalkii uu leeyahay in ka badan hal dhawaaq.

[B '] - nooc ka mid ah comma soo socota si ay warqad iyo muujinaysaa ay debecsanaanta.

Waana mid ka, inta lagu guda jiro falanqaynta guun ah erayada inta badan loo isticmaalaa, iyo dabeecadda soo socota - [j]. Sida caadiga ah, waxay u taagan yihiin dhawaaqa xarafka "d" (mararka qaarkood loo isticmaalo, iyo calaamad u ah sida [d]).

xarafka "d": shibbane ama shaqal ah?

Sida la og yahay, in af Ruush, codadka oo dhan kala qaybsan yihiin shibanne iyo shaqalada. Waxay si buuxda u kala duwan u arkaan ama u dhawaaqaa yihiin.

• Shaqal codadka - kuwani waa dhawaaqa lagu jiro dhawaaq ah kuwaas oo hawada soo gudubtaa si xor ah oo si fudud iyada oo loo marayo afka, iyadoo ay ku wax caqabado. Waxaa intaa dheer, waxay jiid karaa, iyadoo la isticmaalayo iyaga qaylin karo. Haddii aad gacan in ay iyada cunaha saaray, ka dibna shaqeeyaan seeduhu (cod) inta lagu jiro dhawaaq ee shaqalada noqon karaan kuwo sahlan si ay u dareemaan. In luqadda Ruush waxaa jira 6 carabka ku shaqalada, kuwaas oo [a], [e], [v], [s], [o] iyo [u].
• Shibanne - codadka kuwa ku dhawaaq ah kuwaas oo hawada soo socdo la kulmay caqabad, kuwaas oo qaansada ama crack. Muuqashadii go'aamiyo nooca codadka. Sida caadiga ah, farqiga waxaa la aasaasay markii ugaga [a], [u], [h] iyo [x]. Marka tip this afka soo dhawaado ilkaha sare ama hoose. shibanne soo bandhigay in la kala fujin karo (tus, [x-x-x], [z-z-z]). Sida Boondhiga, caqabad noocan oo kale ah waxaa la aasaasay by xiritaanka oo ka mid ah xubnaha hadalka. Air, ama halkii ay u socodka si weyn u guulaysta, si codka waa firfircoon oo kooban. Waa sababta ay u yeedheen qarxa. By habka, ma ay jiid karaan (waxay isku dayaan naftaada: [p] [b], [t], [d]).

Waxa intaa dheer in shibbanayaasha kuwan, waxaa soo socda in afka Ruush: [m], [d], [a], [f], [g], [n] [p], [h] [p], [x] . Sida aad arki karto, waxaa jira dad badan ka badan shaqalada ah.

dhawaaqyada ka hadlay iyo kasaaraado

Ratio of shibanne cod iyo qayladii waxay noqon kartaa mid ka muujiyay ama kasaaraado. Isla mar ahaantaana lagu jiro dhawaaq codka muujiyay iyo qaylada iyo codka iyo mid dhaaa la - sanqadh keliya.

Waana mid ka, shibanne badan u sameeyaan u dhexeeya lammaane oo voicelessness iyo Adoo: [a] - [g], [b] - [n] [z] - [c], [d] - [m] [p] - [in] iyo kuwo kale. wadar ahaan afka Ruush 11 lammaane oo kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira dhawaaqyo aan lahayn on this salaysan lammaane. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah: soo [th] [p] [n] [l] [m] - waa wicitaanada la ekaan, iyo [h] iyo [i] - waa kuwii dhegahala'aana wax la ekaan.

shibanne jilicsan iyo mid adag

Sida la og yahay, shibanne ku kala duwan yihiin ma aha oo kaliya in sonority, ama, taas bedelkeeda, voicelessness, laakiin sidoo kale debecsanaanta iyo qalbi engegnaantooda aawadeed. hantida Tani waa sifo labaad har codadka.

Tusaale ahaan, xarafka "d": adag ama jilicsan qaba? Si aad ka jawaabto su'aashan, waa in aan tixgelin doonna kasta si gooni gooni ah kasoo muuqdo:

• Inta lagu guda jiro dhawaaq ee shibanne jilicsan afka dhan waa wareejiyay yara, oo ay qayb dhexe waxaa wax yar ka soo sara kiciyey.
• Inta lagu guda jiro dhawaaq ee shibanne adag luqada dhan macno jiido dib.

Waa in la ogaadaa in badan oo ka mid ah shibbanayaasha foomka u dhaxeeya labo ka mid ah sifooyinka sida engegnaantaada iyo debecsanaanta :. [D] - [g '], [n] - [n'], iwm Guud ahaan waxaa jira 15 ka mid ah lammaane oo kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira dhawaaqyo aan lahayn on this salaysan lammaane. Maxay yihiin warqadihii adag shibanne waxaa unpaired? soo socda ayaa loo saarin karaa isaga u - [w], [x] iyo [y]. Sida for cajiib ah oo jilicsan, waxa [u '], [h'] iyo [D '].

Doorshadan, warqada

Haddaba aad u ogaato macluumaadka in xarafka "d" adag ama jilicsan. Laakiin tani waxay kicisaa su'aasha cusub: "Sida by debecsanaanta ee dhawaaqa in warqad ku qoran?" Si arrintan loo sameeyo, waxay isticmaalaan siyaabo aad u kala duwan:

• The warqad "e", "w", "e", "i" ka dib markii shibanne (marka laga reebo "g", "m" iyo "n") ayaa tilmaamaya in shibbanayaasha kuwanu waa jilicsan. Halkan waxaa ku qoran tusaale: dya'dya - [d'a'd'a] eedaday - [t'o't'a].
• xarafka "i" in soo socota shibbane ah ( "g", "m" iyo "n" marka laga reebo) waxay muujinaysaa in shibbanayaasha kuwanu waa jilicsan. Halkan waxaa ku qoran tusaale: mi'ly - [m'i'ly '] Sheet - [l'IST] ni'tki - [n'i'tk'i].
• calaamad jilicsan ( "s") ka dib markii shibanne (marka laga reebo "w" iyo "w") waa qiyaas foomka naxwe ahaaneed. Waxa kale oo ay muujinaysaa in shibbanayaasha jilicsan yihiin. Tusaalooyinka Tusaale: Dal - [siiyey '] xannibnaa - [m'el'] codsi - [proz'ba].

Sida aad arki karto, debecsanaanta ee shibanne in warqadda aan warqado shakhsi iyo isu-gaynta ay la shaqalada "e", "w", "e", "i" oo lagu kala qaado calaamad jilicsan. Taasi waa sababta falanqaynta guun ah erayada, khubaro ku talinaynaa in ay bixiyaan si ay u characters xiga dareenka.

Sida shaqal "th" ah, waxay had iyo jeer waa jilicsan. Marka tan la eego, in ay qoraal la qoondeeyey karaa sida soo socota: [D ']. Taasi waa comma ah, oo tilmaamaysa debecsanaanta codka, waa in aad had iyo jeer u saaray. Adeeca sharci isku, iyo [w '], [y'].

Si Loo soo kobo

Sida aad arki karto, ma jirto wax ay adag tahay in si sax ah samayn falanqaynta guun ah ee erayga. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, kaliya waxay u baahan yihiin in ay ogaadaan waxa ka shaqalada iyo shibbanayaasha, ka hadlay iyo kasaaraado, iyo sidoo kale jilicsan iyo mid adag. Waayo, si fiican loo fahmo sida ay u fuliyaan qoraal ah, waxaan ku siin qaar ka mid ah tusaalayaal faahfaahsan.

1. Erayga "geesiga." Waxay ka kooban tahay laba dhawaaqyada, iyo tan labaad waa lama filaan ah. Ma falanqaynta:

r - [g '] - hadlay shibanne oo jilicsan.

e - [iyo] - shaqalada unstressed.

p - [pi] - hadlay shibanne, iyo unpaired adag.

ku saabsan - [on] - carabka ku shaqalada.

th - [D '] - hadlay shibanne, kisi iyo dhadhan lahayn.

Total: 5 characters iyo 5 codadka.

2. Erayga "geedka." Waxay ka kooban tahay saddex dhawaaqyada, iyo tan labaad waa lama filaan ah. Ma falanqaynta:

iwm - [d '] - hadlay shibanne oo jilicsan.

e - [iyo] - shaqalada unstressed.

p - [p '] - hadlay shibanne, kisi iyo dhadhan lahayn.

e - [e '] - carabka ku shaqalada.

in - [ee '] - ka hadlay sida shibbane iyo jilicsan

s - [-]

e - [D '] - hadlay shibanne, socoto oo jilicsan, iyo [e] - shaqal, unstressed;

in - [f] - kasaaraado labanlaabantay shibanne oo adag.

Total: 8 8 xarfaha iyo dhawaaqa.