Xiriir Trunking: shaqeynayaan. Trunking nidaamka isgaarsiinta

badiilka ah shabakadaha gacanta noqon kartaa nidaamka isgaarsiinta trunked. xal technology Kuwan waxaa si balaadhan looga isticmaalo dunida. Shirkado badan Ruush, labada gaarka loo leeyahay iyo kuwa dadweynaha, door bidaan kaliya isgaarsiinta isla trunking. Waa maxay waxa ay cayimayo? Waa maxay faa'iidooyinka ka mid ah xalal kala hor heerarka kale ee isgaarsiinta oo caan ah oo lagu soo bandhigay in Russia iyo dibadda?

Waa maxay nidaamka trunking ah?

Trunking isgaarsiinta - nooc ka mid ah kaabayaasha isgaarsiinta mobile nooca radially-Soon jidhadhka dhulka. Waxay ka shaqaysaa by channels qaybinta repeaters dhexeeya macaamiishu in hab automatic. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, ereyga "trunking isgaarsiinta" dhiganta hab ka mid ah helitaanka user in go'an la doortay ee channels, gudahood oo khayraadka free waxaa loo qoondeeyey in macmiilka gaar ah muddada la xidhiidha.

kaabayaasha Trunking waxaa inta badan soo bandhigay:

- qalabka dhulka;

- saldhigyada macmiilka.

Dhismaha kaabayaasha element ugu horeysay trunked ka mid ah saldhigyada salka iyo ilaaliyaal. views Modern nooca baahisey qalabka ogolaan in ay bixiyaan isticmaalka isgaarsiinta ee qaabka guud ee qof, koox ama nooc call baahiyey. Mararka qaarkood waxaa suurtagal ah in ay ku xidhmaan mid saldhigga macmiilka si kale oo aan billaabeen inay khayraadka saldhiga.

Nooca isgaarsiinta waa mid ku habboon in tiro balaadhan oo ah ciidamada ammaanka dadweynaha caqabado. Waxaa muhiim ah in halkan ay u hoggaansamaan shuruudaha farsamo SORM nidaamka isgaarsiinta trunked. Kuwa waxaa sida caadiga ah go'an ee xeerarka wasaaradda.

trunking shuqullada isgaarsiinta:

Tixgeli mabaadii'da aasaasiga ah ee nidaamka isgaarsiinta trunked.

technology ku haboon ku lug leedahay isticmaalka hirarka aalladda gaaban, iyo sidoo kale isgaarsiinta mobile. Si loo kordhiyo kala duwan signal waxaa lagu adeegsadaa repeater kaabayaasha trunked. Kor waxaannu xusay in ay ka kooban jooga saldhigyada salka. Waxaa loo soo bandhigi karo sidii hal ama dhowr shay - in qofkii ugu horreeyey ee shabakadda loo kala saari doonaa sidii site hal labaad - sida a multi-zone.

isgaarsiinta ugu horeeyay ee trunking network u ogolaanaya in uu abaabulo isdhexgal dhowr boqol oo macaamiishu. Haddaba sabab u noqoshada tirada kaabayaasha network loo baahan yahay ee saldhigyada salka ku siin karaan xiriir ka dhexeeyo shiidaa tiro ka mid ah macaamiisha. operator Trunking loo hibeeyo mudnaanta call siin isgaarsiinta ee hababka kala duwan - simplex, dabaq. Modern nooca kaabayaasha ku haboon ku siin karaan ilaalinta channels haysani dhegaysiga, awood qalabka wax soo saarka si ay Internet-ka. Trunking nidaamka isgaarsiinta waa digital iyo analog.

Yaa isticmaalaa nidaam trunking?

Trunking nidaamyada in ay yihiin, sida aynu kor ku xusan, waxyaalaha radially-Soon kaabayaasha network iyo ka hawlgala ah aalladda gaaban kala duwan, inta badan diiradda on macaamiisha shirkadaha, hay'adaha fulinta sharciga. Iyadoo macaamiisha ugu muhiimsan ee ka shaqeeya mobile - shaqsiyaadka. Trunking waa ku haboon ururka ee isgaarsiinta hawl kooxo khubaro ah gudahood - tusaale ahaan, marka dhalmo ee waajib, shaqooyinka, caawinta dadka kale, marka ay timaado in adeegyada gurmadka.

Kor waxaannu xusay in loo arkaa view of isgaarsiinta dalbaday adeegyada gobolka. Dhab ahaantii, dhismayaasha ku habboon yihiin users ugu muhiimsan ee noocyada isgaarsiinta this. Tan waxa u sabab dhowr ah oo kala duwan aasaasiga trunking isgaarsiinta, gaar ahaan, ka cell - yaqaan in muwaadiniinta caadiga ah. kuwaas oo:

- suurtagalnimada ee ficil degdeg ah - 0.5 ilbiriqsi, xidhiidhka ka mid ah macmiilka si kale ku jira,

- go'aaminta mudnaanta ee khadaka warisgaarsiinta ;

- macquul ah macaamiishu in kasta oo kale iyada oo aan la isticmaalayo ee saldhiga ah,

- helitaanka ilaha dhaqaale ee u qaabeynta network oo waafaqsan shuruudaha user;

- suurtagalnimada of abaabulka group, warbaahinta, degdeg ah, wac maxaabiista ah,

- helitaanka khayraadka si sir isgaadhsiinta, awood u leh inay maqlaan wada hadalka macmiilka.

fursadaha Hadalladaasu ma aha kuwa caadiga ah ee caadiga ah gacanta. Qaar ka mid ah la mid ah la trunking technology ayaa ka murugeeysan dib caadiga ah mobile Si hadal. Laakiin qaar badan oo shuruudaha ma ku haboon yahay adeegyada dadweynaha.

The gacanta isgaarsiinta fiican trunking? First of dhan, kartida si ay u gudbiyaan xogta file xawaare sare - hormartay heerarka 4G ogolaan index ah si ay u gaaraan tobanaan megabits per labaad. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la ogaadaa in la soo bandhigo in isgaarsiinta TETRA ku trunking caadiga ah (haddii aan ka hadlo technology in version Red2), mabda ', sidoo kale awood u gudbinta xogta-xawaaraha sare.

TETRA - technology digital waxaa loo arkaa isgaarsiinta. Laakiin waxa xusid mudan in xiriirka ka trunking "Tetra" in version RI waa wax yar ka liita Red2 Standard - gaar ahaan, heerka xogta. Inkastoo fursadaha ugu muhiimsan ee suuragalnimada in labada teknoolajiyada ee u dhigma guud. Waxa ay noqon doontaa mid waxtar leh in la isbarbardhigo heerarka kale ee caamka ah trunking isgaarsiinta.

heerarka aasaasiga ah trunking isgaarsiinta

Farsamooyinka ugu caamsan waxa ka mid ah, dhammaan ayuu ka sarreeyaa, kuwa waxaa loo kala saaraa digital. kaabayaasha trunking Analog ma aha mid aad ee baahida. Heerarka isgaadhsiinta ugu caansan noocan ah:

- EDACS.

- tuhmayo.

- TETRA.

- APCO.

Ka fiirso muuqaalada mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah si faahfaahsan.

EDACS caadiga ah

Heerka EDACS waxaa la sameeyey by Ericsson shirkad Swedish ah oo caan ah. Waxa uu tilmaamay inay gaarka loo leeyahay ah. Heerka Tani waxay ku lug leedahay kala iibsiga ee xogta iyada oo la isticmaalayo channels tiro balaadhan oo ah mawjadaha (laakiin gudaha 870 MHz). Iyadoo qayb ka ah shabakad trunked, waxa kuu ogolaanayaa inaad si ay u bixiyaan xiriir ka dhexeeyo 16 th. Macaamiishan.

Waxaa loo tixgeliyaa caadiga ah ku filan oo lagu kalsoonaan karo, laakiin waxaa loo arkaa huriye, sida in xaqiiqda ku lug leedahay gudbinta calaamadaha analog, in kastoo, iyo isticmaalka kaabayaasha a digital. Intaa waxaa dheer, waa, sida aynu kor ku xusan, xiray. trunking qalabka isgaarsiinta ku habboon in ay, soo saari karaa oo kaliya shirkadaha-sameeysa.

tuhmayo caadiga ah

Heerka Tani - ayaa sidoo kale la xiray. Wuxuu loogu talagalay Corporation Motorola ah. baahida ugu weyn waa in North America, wadamada qaar ka mid ah South America, Aasiya. technology loo tixgeliyaa in la fulin karo in qaab dhismeedka of network caadiga ah ee jirridda in macaamiishu ka mid ah adeegyada ka shaqeeya mobile - sida SMS diraya, fax, internet.

In Russia, heerka ku haboon ma faafin, Khubarada ayaa leh, waxaa sabab u ah xaqiiqada ah in, sida loo isticmaalay qaabka guud ee uu ku soo noq - 805-821 MHz ama 855-866 MHz ma aha mid aad fiicnayn marka la eego xalinta dhibaatooyinka dadka isticmaala aasaasiga ah ee nidaamka isgaarsiinta trunked in sida aynu kor ku xusan, waa adeegyada bulshada. By habka, shirkadda Motorola ayaa sii daayay dhowr ah oo xal in ay yihiin la jaan qaada labada trunking ama la technology gacanta.

PAS Tetrapol

Heerka isgaarsiinta waxa loo sameeyay France by Matra Isgaarsiinta wakiishay by adeegyada qarsoon Faransiis. Lagu gartaa lug ee mawjadaha yar - ka 70 520 MHz, isticmaalka of taas oo aan aad loo jecel yahay dalalka kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Russia ee isku day in aad tijaabiso Aayaadka trunking caadiga ah ee khuseeya.

TETRA

Waxaan ka fikiray qeybo ka mid ah technology TETRA. Waxaan ku baran doonaa faahfaahinta ay gaar ah.

Trunking la xidhiidha "Tetra" - this, markeeda, Heerka isgaarsiinta furan ee ay khubarada Yurub. Ka baxsan Europe muddo dheer waxa aan ahaa mid aad u caadi ah, laakiin waxaa hadda loo isticmaalaa by Ruush, shirkadaha Asian badan, Afrika iyo shirkadaha South American.

Furfurnaanta loo haystaa sida caadiga u ogolaanaya si loo hubiyo waafaqsan yahay saarayaasha kala duwan ee qalabka isgaarsiinta trunking. Company ayaa qorshaynaysa in ay soo saaraan qalabka ku haboon, waa in aad, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay noqon xubin ka mid ah TETRA MoU ah, taasoo xaqiijineysa in ay doonayaan in ay ka qayb qaataan horumarinta technology this. noocyada casriga badan oo qalabka saara waayo trunking shabakadaha, wuxuu yimid ururka.

aan kor ku xusay in heerka Red2 ogol gudbinta xogta ee xawaaraha sare. Waxaa suurto gal ah, gaar ahaan, ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in technology isgaarsiinta trunking la xiriira ee ay weheliso channels broadband gacanta.

The standard "TETRA" Ruush waxaa loo yaqaan magaca brand "TETRARUS". Sidaas daraaddeed, waxaa loo isticmaalaa dhismaha kaabayaasha isgaarsiinta inta lagu guda jiro ciyaaraha Olympic ee Sochi.

APCO 25

Kale oo caan ah technology isgaarsiinta trunking - APCO 25. Developed by Ururka dhismeedka ammaanka Adeegyada Isgaarsiinta. Xarunta dhismayaasha ku yaalaan dalka Maraykanka, in dalalka of Virginia iyo Florida.

Faa'iidada of Heerka this - in suurtagalnimada ee bixinta khadaka warisgaarsiinta ee la heer sare ah ammaanka gaari la isticmaalayo teknoolajiyada kala duwan encryption. Muuqaal kale oo cajiib ah APCO waa in ay kuu ogolaanayaa inaad si ay u isticmaalaan tiro balaadhan oo ah mawjadaha - ka 139 si ay u 869 MHz. heerka sare ee ilaalinta, kuwaas oo bixiya nidaamka isgaarsiinta trunking ku haboon go'aamiyo baahida sare oo ku filan, waayo ka adeegyo gaar Ruush.

Waxaa xusid mudan in Russia siidaayey heerka isgaarsiinta u gaar ah, oo ka hawlgala on mabaadi'da trunking ah. Isticmaalkooda waxaa sabab u ah baahida loo qabo in la abuuro kaabayaasha isgaarsiinta aad u isku halayn karo oo ammaan ah. Haddii lug ah hab noocan ah waxaa laga codsadaa trunking nidaamka isgaarsiinta waa in silahRF hubaysan. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah farsamooyinka isgaarsiinta loo isticmaalo in ciidamada dalka Ruushka, si gaar ah loogu talagalay baahida difaaca iyo aan loogu talagalay primnenie mass.

The qeybiyeyaasha ugu muhiimsan ee adeegyada isgaarsiinta trunked ee Russia

Ka fikir waxa qaar ka mid ah noocyada ee Russia adeegyada la isticmaalayo teknoolajiyada ee su'aasha.

isgaarsiinta trunking shaqaale Ruush caanka - shirkadda "RadioTel". Waxay leedahay kaabayaasha in ay dadka dhexgalaan shabakadaha mobile ee saldhigyada magaalooyinka. Waxaa samatabbixiyaa xal adeegyada degdegga ah, oo degdeg ah, macmiisha gaarka ah.

Mid ka mid ah tan ugu weyn ee Ruush trunking - "Tetrasvyaz". Waxay ku takhasustay hirgelinta xal gudahood Heerka TETRA ee gobollada kala duwan ee Russia. Waxaa samatabbixiyaa tiro balaadhan oo ah adeegyo - ka design in network trunking in hawlgalka.

brand kale ee muhiimka ah ee xal trunking suuqa ka - "Regiontrank". Shirkadda waxay bixisaa adeegyada inta badan ee gobolka Moscow ka, iyo sidoo kale in gobollada qaar ka mid ah Xarunta Ruushka. qaabkaaga Brand laftiisa sida bixiyaha ah xal ku habboon faahfaahinta ah ee ganacsiga ka baaraandega hey'adaha wax gaar ah.

Shirkad kale oo si fiican u yaqaan, kuwaas oo ka hawlgala qeybta of technology trunking - "Center-Telecom". Waa in la ogaadaa laga yaabaa in xal kaabayaasha ay codsatay, hawl qaabka guud ee caadiga ah EDACS.

Rajada laga qabo horumarinta xal trunking ee Russia

Sidaas awgeed, waxaan ogaaday in isgaarsiinta trunking ah, mabda'a ah ee dhismaha isgaarsiinta heerarka ay. War haatan aynu aragno waxa khubarada yidhaahdo oo ku saabsan rajada horumarka xal ku haboon ee Russia. dhibaatada Tani waa mawduuc ee shirarka waaweyn ee wakiilada shirkadaha isgaarsiinta Ruush - hay'adaha, adeeg bixiyeyaasha iyo macaamiisha ay.

Beesha hadlayaa faa'iidooyinka xal trunking sax ah ugu horayn si technology gacanta, iyo sidoo kale applicability oo ka mid ah heerarka jira ee isgaarsiinta xogta ee Ruushka. Sidaas, ka mid ah khubarada berrinkii xal su'aasha, dhibic caadiga ah ee view, sida laga soo xigtay taas oo loogu talagalay Russia noqon lahaa ugu wanaagsan oo keliya weli TETRA technology - jidaynayey ee horumarka ah ee adeegyada isgaadhsiinta ee Ruushka.

Kor waxaannu xusay in ay tahay "TETRA" Heerka loo doortay dhismaha kaabayaasha isgaarsiinta ee Olympic Games ee Sochi ee. Laakiin in Russia, mid ka mid ah ama qaab kale, wakiil inta badan trunking teknoolajiyada isgaarsiinta ka mid ah kuwa ku taxluuqa oo meel kasta oo dunida ah - iyo in aan tirinta horumar ciidamada gaarka ah. Tiro badan oo ka mid ah noocyada la xidhiidha xal in ay yihiin gundhig ee Ruushka, sabab, dhammaan ayuu ka sarreeyaa, la'aanta ah ee uniform qaatay on heerka federaalka, shuruudaha xulashada dhufto ee technology ugu wanaagsan ee dhismaha kaabayaasha trunking.

Horumarinta ee nooca dhiganta isgaarsiinta ee Russia noqon kartaa aragtida adag maqlana oo ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka ka mid ah go'aanada madaxda waaxaha, kuwaas oo ah dadka isticmaala weyn ee technology wada hadleen. iyaga Waayo, ma aha had iyo jeer ka sarreeyaan cad trunking kaabayaasha badan shabakadaha gacanta. Tan waxa u sabab sababo kala duwan.

First of dhan, xaqiiqda ah in qalab ah ee nidaamka isgaarsiinta trunking analog, xal digital ah nooca ku haboon waa in, sida caadiga ah, aad uga qaalisan tahay maraqa for isticmaalka technology gacanta. Xaaladdan oo kale, hay'adaha inta badan ma tixgeliyaan faa'iidooyinka cad ee trunking isgaarsiinta - waa, dhammaan ayuu ka sarreeyaa, in ay ku oolnimada iyo ammaanka ee wada xaajoodka iyo gudbiyaan macluumaadka. Sidoo kale, qiimaha dhabta ah ee la xidhiidha adiga oo isticmaalaya telefoonka, marka hawlgelinta trunking xal noqon kartaa si weyn uga yar in ay dhacdo isgaarsiinta gacanta - la design saxda ah ee noocan ah ee kaabayaasha isgaarsiinta.

Waxaa xusid mudan in mabda 'isgaarsiinta trunking imaanayaan ma aha oo kaliya si loo hubiyo in wada xaajoodka u dhexeeya hawl macaamiishu. On ku salaysan farsamooyinka ku habboon in la fulin karo wax System Positioning - lala GPS-wadataa ay, iyo sidoo kale xarumaha ay statistics iyo la socodka. Isla mar ahaantaana in dhismaha kaabayaasha ku habboon laga yaabaa in aanay u baahan hordhaca ah ee xal dabaq qaali - si fiican u tijaabiyo qalab ku filan iyo simplex. Qaabkan codsiga of trunking isgaarsiinta - factor kale koritaanka oo xiiso leh waxaa ku jira shirkadaha kala duwan ee Ruush iyo hay'adaha.

oo kooban

Sidaas awgeed, waxaan ogaaday in technology trunking ah, tixgeliyo heerka isgaarsiinta ugu weyn, oo u dhiganta iyaga. The users ugu weyn ee go'aamada khuseeya - adeegyada gaarka ee Ruushka, dhismayaasha hay'adaha, shirkadaha waa weyn. The unugyada ciidanka Ruush isticmaalo nidaamka isgaarsiinta trunking, loogu talogalay gaar ahaan hawlaha military - markaas dajisay.

Faa'iidooyinka ugu weyn ee kaas oo ah sifaha teknoolajiyada ah: xog-oolnimada sarrifka, macluumaadka ammaanka, gudbinta xogta xawaaraha sare (in ay dhacdo heerka digital sare), awood u leh inay dhisaan shabakado in qiyaasta weyn - bixiyo isticmaalka sare iyo bixiyo lacagta ku filan oo saldhigyada saldhig.

In shabakadaha trunking leeyihiin badan ka wadaagaan gacanta - hawlgalka kala duwan aalladda gaaban, awood u leeyahay inuu soo diro fariimaha qoraalka ah ee u dhexeeya qalabka, oo aad marin u Internet marka isticmaalka qalabka ku habboon. xal Hardware isticmaalo gudahood kaabayaasha trunking ah, inta badan waa qaali. Laakiin fulinta shirkadda macmiilka filaayo badbaadin kara - ugu horeyn ku gaadiidka.

In dunida ka dhigay tiro ka mid ah trunking heerka isgaarsiinta arrin. In Russia iyo Europe, technology ugu caansan waxaa lagu gartaa "TETRA" ee Mareykanka - APCO. Iyadoo in Russia ay la degree ah qaar ka mid ah hawlaha ku lug ugu heerarka trunking dunida ee.

Rajada laga qabo nooca ku haboon ee la xidhiidha in Federation Ruush waa xiran nooca technology la qaatay doonaa sida hogaaminaya - ugu yaraan in inta badan gobollada dalka. Waxaa jira sababo in la sheego in heerka ugu weyn ee weli ay noqon doontaa "TETRA" - sida ugu haboon Russia ku salaysan horumarka gaarka ah ee suuqa isgaadhsiinta ee dalka.

xaalad kale oo muhiim ah u tahay horumarka guul of technology meelaha sida trunking isgaarsiinta ee Ruushka - korinta heerka aqoonta iyo maamulka kartida waaxaha, kuwaas oo ah dhabta ah iyo ka iman kara dadka isticmaala oo ka mid ah go'aanada la xiriira. Inkasta oo faa'iidooyin badan oo ka mid ah qaab-dhismeedka awoodda hoos tixgelinta fikradaha farsamada - ma cad. Laakiin, dabcan, waxay leeyihiin xal in Federation Ruush trunking - leedahay macaamiisha u gaar ah, oo ay horay aad si firfircoon loo isticmaalaa. In Russia qaatay nidaamyo ayaa lagu maamulayaa isticmaalka adeegyada ammaanka technology ku haboon. Sidaas darteed, at heerka of regulation sharci ee Ruushka abuuray shuruudaha horumarinta trunking isgaarsiinta.

Dabcan, waxaa laga yaabaa in loo baahan yahay si ay u horumariyaan oo ay qaataan falalka kale ee sharciga ah, saamaynta kaas oo sidoo kale ka codsan doonaa in ay ka howgala rayidka ah - laakiin in ay dhacdo oo xiiso in ganacsatada iyo hay'adaha waaweyn, mid ka filan karto dadaallada la xiriira heerka of maamula dhismayaasha awood.

Horumarinta oo ka mid ah farsamooyinka loo arkaa in Federation Ruush ah la ogan karo in la ballaariyo baaxadda of codsiga, iyo sidoo kale in horumar ah ee hardware iyo software actuated si loo hubiyo in hawlaha kaabayaasha trunking ah.