Xisbiga shaqaalaha British: fikirka Aasaasay, xaqiiqada oo xiiso leh

Xisbiga shaqaalaha UK (LPV) waa mid ka mid ah laba Ciidamada siyaasadeed oo dhab ahaan u dagaalamaya awood in Albion. Si ka duwan xisbiga Conservative horjeeda, xisbiyada Labour Party ahaayeen markii hore sii saaraynaa horumarinta heerarka bulshada muwaadiniinteeda. Waayo, faham buuxa oo ka mid ah geeddi socodka siyaasadeed ee UK waxa aad u muhiim ah in la caddeeyo kaalinta urur ee bulshada. Ina keena aynu raad raaco taariikhda iyo horumarka of this awood siyaasadeed, iyo sidoo kale aad u ogaato fikirka qirashadeeda by xisbiyada Labour Party.

bixitaanka

Xisbiga shaqaalaha waxaa la aasaasay 1900. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, magaca asalka ah waxa ay ka dhawaajiyeen sida Guddiga Matalaadda shaqada. Marka uu laftiisa taagan yahay wakiil ah xoogsatada, dhaqdhaqaaqa ururka shaqaalaha midoobeen, waxaana uu damcay inuu soo fara dagaalka ka heysteen at in xisbiyada waqti ee Britain - Konserfatifka iyo Liberal. Mid ka mid ah madaxda ururka tan iyo wakhtigii aad ugu horreeya ee Ramsay MacDonald noqday aasaasay. Isagu waa iyada xafiiska ayaa waxaa ku yaal guriga. Madaxda kale ee si fiican u yaqaan ahaayeen Dzheyms Keyr Hardi, Arthur Henderson iyo Dzhordzh Barns.

In 1906, ururka ka heleen magaceeda la joogo, taas oo in English, waxaa qoran sida xisbiga Labor, iyo turjumay Ruush sida "Xisbiga shaqaalaha".

Wejiga hore ee horumarinta

In doorashada ugu horeysay ee 1900, kaas oo ku lug ugu dhawaan abuuray xisbiga shan iyo toban musharax Baarlamaanka Ingiriiska maray laba nin, iyo in maalgelinta ee xilli ciyaareedka, oo kaliya 33 pounds.

Horeba at doorashada soo socota ee 1906, tirada wakiilada xisbiyada Labour Party ee Baarlamaanka ayaa kor u kacay in 27 qof. Hogaamiyaha garabka baarlamanka ahaa Dzheyms Hardi. Tani hoggaanka loogu tala galay oo aan rasmi ahayn ee xisbiga, sida post gaar ah madaxa xisbiga Labour ma jirin ilaa 1922.

Sida aan kor ku xusan, marka hore xisbiga Labour ee UK waxay ahaayeen hooskii oo ka mid ah xisbiyada garabka midig iyo xisbiga Liberal, kuwaas oo isku dayay in ay ka baxsadaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka hore sababta oo ah tirada yar ee kuraasta baarlamaanka, waxaa ku qasbay in ay iskaashi iyaga kula fikirka dhow deeqsi ah. iskaashiga Tani dhow sii wadi doonaa ilaa 1916. Dabcan, kala dhantaalay ee xisbiga Libaraalka, ayaa loo xil saaray doorka walaalkiis ka weyn.

Oo ku dhex jira Dagaalkii Adduunka ee 1918, xisbiga Labor samaystaa ay charter iyo barnaamijka, taasi oo markii dambe u noqday bar billow ah ee jagooyinka urur ee ku saabsan arrimaha siyaasadda iyo arrimaha bulshada ee waaweyn.

xisbiga talada haya

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, waxaa jiray kala ah in madaxda sare ee xisbiga Libaraalka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa shaqada bilaabay in ay helaan sii kordhaya xilligan ay sabab u tahay koritaanka xaalada kacaan ee Europe. Iyo Xisbiga Labor British yimid kulan weyn, sida xoog siyaasadeed oo kala duwan.

In 1924, waxay ahaayeen markii ugu horeysay ee taariikhda awoodaan si ay u sameeyaan dawlad. Xisbiga shaqaalaha ma heli aqlabiyadda barlamaanka, in kasta oo ay qaadatay lambarka diiwaanka wakiilada ee xisbiga - 191 oo qof. Laakiin baxdo u dhexeeya xisbiga Konserfatifka iyo xisbiga Libaraalka loo ogol yahay iyaga si ay u sameeyaan Golaha Wasiirada. Sidaasay u ahayd la jebiyey lahelso oo ka mid ah xisbiyada garabka midig iyo xisbiga Liberal, kaas oo socday muddo qarniyo. Tan iyo waqti in, ku tartamaya ugu weyn ee halganka waayo, xoog bilaabay inuu Shaqada iyo Konserfatifka.

Wakiilka of Labor Ramsey Dzheyms ku MacDonald noqday Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Great Britain.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, by dhamaadka sanadka dawladda shaqada, sababtoo ah cadaadis iyo mu'aamaraad ay isu yimaadaan si ay u Konserfatifka iyo xisbiga Libaraalka dagaalamaan, ayaa lagu qasbay inuu is casilo. Intaa waxaa dheer, ay sabab u socodka tartanka u dhimin on doorashooyinka cusub ee xisbiga Labor Baarlamaanka ka adkaadeen, iyo tirada wakiilkiisa ayaa waxaa hoos u dhigay 151 oo qof.

Laakiin waxa uu ahaa ugu horeeyay ee Dhimashada Shaqaalaha Golaha Wasiirrada soo socda oo kaliya.

dowladda Macdonald

doorashooyinka 1929 horeba, xisbiyada Labour Party ayaa markii ugu horeysay taariikhda ku guuleystay kuraasta ugu badan ee baarlamaanka (287 ergo) oo ayaa helay xaq u leeyahay inuu dib-u-dhiso golaha wasiirada. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Great Britain ahaa Dzheyms Makdonald mar kale. Laakiin sabab u taxane ah oo failure siyaasadeed iyo dhaqaale ee dawladda cusub waxaa jiray kala ah xisbiga Labor laftiisa. Dzheyms Makdonald tegey isku daya in la Konserfatifka in ay taageero xoog leh baarlamaanka. Tani waxay keentay in ay xaqiiqada ah in 1931 uu xisbiga, abuuray mucaaradka waxa Ururka Qaranka ee Labor si ka tagay, laakiin wuxuu sii waday inuu qaban jagada ra'iisul-wasaaraha ilaa 1935, markii meel this lagu badalay wakiil ah xisbiga Konserfatifku.

hogaamiyaha cusub ee xisbiga Labour ahaa mid ka mid ah dadka hal mar istaagay asalka dhaqdhaqaaqa this - Arthur Henderson. Laakiin kala ee xisbiga, iyo sidoo kale fadeexado siyaasadeed ayaa keentay in xaqiiqda ah in in doorashooyinka cusub ee baarlamaanka ee 1931, waxaa si baas ku fashilantay, waxayna lahayd amar Sharci dejinta ee 52 wakiil UK.

Zaman Attlee

Horeba in sanadka soo socda madaxa xisbiga Henderson bedelay Dzhordzh Lensberi, iyo saddex sano oo kale - Klement Ettli. Hoggaamiyahan xisbiyada Labour Party ayaa boostada muddo ka badan qof kasta oo ka hor ama tan - 20 sano. muddo Attlee socday ka 1935 si ay u 1955.

In doorashada ee 1935 xisbiga hoos hoggaanka waxa ay awood u si weyn u hagaajin lahaa, isagoo wakiil ee Baarlamaanka 154. Ka dib markii uu istiqaalad ka Premiership Chamberlain ee garabka midig ee 1940, Attlee u suurtagashay in ay galaan dawladda a of Winston Churchill.

The horumarinta post-dagaal ee APS ah

Sababo la dillaacay of dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, doorashooyinka soo socda ayaa lagu qabtay kaliya ee 10-kii sano ee 1945. Meeshii iyaga ku, xisbiyada Labour Party helay rikoor isaga nafsaddiisa u halka 393 kursi oo baarlamanka ah. Natiijada Tani waxa ay ahayd in ka badan ku filan dhismaha golaha wasiirada oo uu hoggaaminayo Klementom Ettli, kaasoo lagu bedelay inuu noqdo ra'iisul wasaaraha Conservative Winston Churchill laga badiyay doorashada. Shaqaalaha oo kaliya lagu hambalyeeyay yaabaa guushan, tan iyo markii ay guul mar u muuqatay dareen dhab ah.

Waa in la sheegay in saddexaad soo socda si ay awood xisbiyada Labour Party ayaa fog ka waxtar badan labada hore noqday. Si ka duwan McDonald ayaa, Attlee u suurtagashay in ay qabtaan tiro ka mid ah sharciyada muhiimka ah ee dabiiciga ah bulshada, si ay u qaramayn qaar ka mid ah shirkadaha waaweyn, si loo soo celiyo dhaqaalaha dalka, garaacayeen dagaal. guulahaan ka qayb qaatay doorashada 1950 xisbiyada Labour Party mar kale u dabaal guul, inkastoo waqtigan kaagana ayaa matalayay baarlamaanka - 315 oo qof.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Xukuumadda Attlee ma ahaayeen kaliya hal guul. A siyaasadda dhaqaale ku guuldareystay iyo qiimadhaca of pound ayaa keentay in xaqiiqda ah in doorashada gaarka ah ee 1951 waxaa ku guuleystay xisbiga Konserfatifka uu hogaaminayo Winston Churchill. Xisbiga shaqaalaha helay 295 kursi oo baarlamanka ah, in kasta oo ay ahayd ku filan in ay sii wadaan in ay saamayn weyn ku siyaasadaha ee dalka, sababta oo ah xisbiga Konserfatifku waxay ahaayeen kursi keliya todobo ka badan.

doorashooyinka cusub ee 1955 keenay xisbiyada Labour Party careysan, sababtoo ah natiijada ay heleen kuraasta kaliya 277 ee baarlamaanka, Konserfatifka guul aad u qanci karo. Dhacdadani waxa ay ahayd mid ka mid ah sababaha ay isla sannadkaas Klement Ettli iska casilay siyaasadda weyn iyo hogaamiyaha shaqada, uu bedelay Hugh Gaitskell.

Taariikhda xiga ee xisbiga

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Gaitskell oo ma noqon kartaa Attlee bedelka istaahilo. Xisbiga shaqaalaha waxaa sii kordheysa badiyay ay caan, sida ku cad hoos u dhaca tirada ay baarlamaanka doorashooyinka ka dib markii sannadkii 1959 258 oo qof.

In 1963, dhimashada Gaitskell ka dib, hogaamiyaha shaqada Harold Wilson noqday. Waxa uu leeyahay in ka badan saddex iyo toban sannadood madaxa xisbiga. Horeba in sannadka soo socda hoos hoggaanka xisbiga Labor ku guuleystay ka dib markii uu fasax afar iyo toban sano, ku guuleystay doorashada baarlamaanka la 317 kursi, 13 ka badan Konserfatifka. Sayidka, Wilson noqday Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Shaqada ugu horeysay Klementa Ettli ka dib UK.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hoggaanka Shaqada ee Baarlamaanka uu ahaa sidaas gariir in iyaga ma siin fursad ay ku ogaadaan tallaabooyinka aasaasiga ah ee barnaamijka. Xaaladdan ayaa lagu qasbay in ay ka dhacaan meel 1966, doorasho gaar ah oo xisbiyada Labour Party guul xasuuqday Schalke, kaas oo helay 364 kursi oo baarlamanka ah, ie 111 kursi ka badan Konserfatifka.

Laakiin by the 70s hore ', dhaqaalaha UK waxay muujiyeen tirokoobyada tirakoobka waa ka fog haboon. Tani waxay keentay in ay xaqiiqada ah in in doorashooyin cusub ee 1970, konserfatifku rumeysan guuleystay, ku guuleystay in ka badan 50% kuraasta baarlamaanka, iyo Shaqada ahaayeen 288 kursi (43.1%) content. Dabcan, cidhibta ee natiijooyinkan ahaa iscasilaadda ee Harold Wilson.

Konserfatifka aan kor ku noolaa in ay filayo, iyo doorashada soo socota ee guga ee 1974 waxaa ku guuleystay xisbiyada Labour Party, si kastaba ha ahaatee, by shaarbo ah. Dhab ahaantii Tani waxay ku qasbay inay dayrta ee isla sanadkaas si ay u qabtaan doorashadii gaar ah, taas oo keentay in xisbiyada Labour Party ku guulaystay inta badan deggan. Wilson mar kale madax dawladda, laakiin ma aha sababo aad u cad, 1976, is casilay. Uu hogaamiye ee xisbiga iyo guddoomiyaha ra'iisul-wasaaraha ee ahaa Dzheyms Kallagan.

In mucaaradka,

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay caanka ah ee Callaghan laga yaabaa in aan la leh dadka Wilson ee marka la barbar dhigo. guuldaradii burburiyo of Labor Party ee doorashada ee 1979 waxa uu ka dhashay dabiiciga ah ee this. Xilligii xisbiga Konserfatifka, kuwaas oo siiyey wasiir British sida fiican ra'iisul sida Margaret Thatcher (Ra'iisul Wasaaraha ayaa in ka badan 11 sano oo isku xigta a) iyo Dzhon Meydzhor. lahelso ee xisbiga Konserfatifka baarlamaanka socday 18 sano.

Muddadan, shaqada ayaa lagu qasbay in ay tagaan mucaaradka. Callaghan ka dib markii iska casilay ka post ee xisbiga ee 1980, waxaa la madax Michael Foot (1980-1983), Neil Kinnock (1983-1992) iyo Dzhon Smit (1992-1994).

Shaqaalaha cusub

dhimashada Dzhona Smita 1994 laga billaabo May illaa July ka dib markii of jilitaanka ah madaxa xisbiga jiray Margaret Beckett, laakiin hoggaamiyaha doorashada xisbiyada Labour Party ku guuleystay siyaasiga da'ada yar iyo hami Toni Bler, kuwaas oo ay wakhtigaas waxaa ka buuxsamay 31 oo kaliya sanadkii. Barnaamij updated ayaa ka qayb qaatay furitaanka ee xisbiga "dabayl labaad." Period ee taariikhda xisbiga, laga bilaabo doorashada Blair iyo hoggaamiye ee 2010, loo yaqaan "Labourism New".

In xarunta of barnaamijka "New Shaqada" waxay ahayd jid loogu yeero saddexaad, kaas oo la taagan yahay xisbiga ay badal u tahay shuuciyad iyo hantiwadaagga.

aargoosiga Shaqada

Sidee xeelad guul loo doortay by Toni Blerom, muujisay doorashada baarlamaanka ee 1997, taas oo xisbiyada Labour Party ayaa markii ugu horeysay mudo 18 sano ah ku guuleystay. Laakiin waxa aan ahaa kaliya guul, laakiin quusiyeen dhab ah Konserfatifka by keentay John Major, ka dib markii xisbiyada Labour Party ku guuleystay 253 kursi oo dheeraad ah. Tirada guud ee wakiillada xisbiyada Labour Party ee Baarlamaanka ahayd 418 oo qof, kuwaas oo weli record ishaysta ee xisbiga. Toni Bler noqday Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Great Britain.

In doorashada ee 2001 iyo 2005 mar kale xisbiyada Labour Party udun la margin ballaadhan, oo laga soosaaray, siday u kala horreeyaan 413 iyo 356 kursi oo baarlamanka ah. Laakiin inkastoo ay natiijo fiican guud, isbeddel muujisay hoos u dhac weyn ee caanka ah ee APS mid ah codbixiyayaasha. Tani waa in qiyaas yar ma ka qayb qaatay siyaasadda dagaal dibada ee xisbiga Labour uu hogaaminayo Toni Blerom, ayaa muujiyay, in si gaar ah, oo lagu taageerayo ciidamada firfircoon ee ku lug lahaanshaha Mareykanka ee Ciraaq, iyo sidoo kale ka qayb qaraxii ee Yugoslavia.

Sanadkii 2007, Toni Bler iska casilay, iyo sida hogaamiyaha xisbiga iyo ra'iisul wasaaraha ayaa waxaa ku guuleystay by Gordon Brown. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, doorashada baarlamaanka ugu horeysay ka dib markii is casilaada ee Blair, kaas oo ka dhacay 2010, beddelantay guuldarro ee xisbiga Labor iyo guusha ee xisbiga Konserfatifka, hogaaminayo David Cameron. Natiijada Taasi waxay keentay in xaqiiqda ah in Gordon Brown ayaa sii daayey ma aha oo kaliya Premier League, laakiin sidoo kale jagada hogaamiyaha xisbiga bidix.

casriga

In halganka loogu talagalay tiir kasta oo madax ka ah xisbiga Labor ee 2010 waxaa ku guuleystay by Ed Miliband. Laakiin guuldaradii xisbiga ee 2015 doorashooyinka baarlamaanka, taas oo iyadu tusay xataa qanci yar natiijo ka badan waqti la soo dhaafay, Mr Miliband ayaa lagu qasbay inuu is casilo.

Currently madaxa Aps waa Dzheremi Korbin, kuwaas oo, ka duwan Blair iyo Brown, waa wakiilka ah garabka bidix ee xisbiga. Isla mar, waxa uu sidoo kale waxaa loo yaqaan soo horjeeda ee dagaalka Ciraaq.

Evolution fikradaha

Intii ay taariikhda, fikirka xisbiyada Labour Party ayaa isbedelo la taaban karo. Markii hore, waxaa la diiradda on dhaqdhaqaaqa shaqada iyo ururka shaqaalaha, muddo badan oo ka nuugo canaasiirta raasammaaliyade, oon ku dhaqaaqin dhow waxay caqiiddo ahaan la xafiiltamaan weligeed ah - xisbiga Konserfatifka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guusha ee caddaaladda bulshada ee dalka ayaa waxaa had iyo jeer ka mid ah waxyaabaha mudnaanta ee xisbiga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xisbiga Midawga Shaqaalaha la communists iyo hadda kale bidix u daran.

fikirka Shaqada Guud ahaan lagu tilmaami karaa dimoqraadiyada bulshada.

rajada

In qorshayaasha soo socda xisbiga Labour inay guul ee doorashada soo socota ee baarlamaanka lagu qaban doono 2020. Dabcan, si ay u hirgeliyaan waxa ay noqon doontaa mid aad u adag, siiyey khasaaraha hadda tacsiyadaynaynaa doorashada xisbiga, laakiin markii in la beddelo ra'yiga cod-filan.

Dzheremi Korbin qorshaynayso in ay aad u hesho cod-naxa by in fikirka garabka bidix ah, kaas oo ahaa asal ahaan soo jireenka ah ee xisbiyada Labour Party soo laabtay.