"Zenit" gantaal. Buusterka 11K77 ( "gebogabeeyey")

RN 11K77 «Zenit» - fasalka Intermediate, loogu talagalay gelinayn galay kastana falagiisuu dhex Earth in hab automatic ah satalayt rayidka ah iyo military iyo pride duuliyo. Waxaa jira wax ka beddelid laba iyo saddex-yada. la shito ayaa loo isticmaalaa sida fasalka shidaalka WG-1 iyo oxygen dareere ah.

TUSAALE wadajir iskaashi

On su'aasha ah ee gantaalaha "Zenit" Ruush ama Yukreeniyaan, ma fududa in aad ka jawaabto. Xubnihii ugu weyn ee dhismaha waxaa loogu talagalay in Dnepropetrovsk CB "Southern" dadaalka injineerada Soviet iyo aqoonyahanno. Ka dib burburkii Design Bureau Midowga cilmaani ah oo hoos timaad maamulka Ukraine yimid, ilaalinta uu hawl profile iyo sii horumarinta ah "Zenit" taxane. Dhis lagu gano ayaa sidoo kale fuliyay on shirkadda Dnepropetrovsk ah "Yuzhmash".

Dhinaca kale, xubno ka design muhiim ah horumariyo oo la soo saaray by shirkadaha Ruush. Gaar ahaan, Waxuun calaamadee "DM" soo saaray RKK "Energy", iyo dareere matoorada gantaal RD 171 oo RD-171M - NPÖ "ENERGOMASH". Guud ahaan, shirkadaha Ruush siiyo 70% ka mid ah qaybaha ugu. Waxaan dhihi karnaa in "soo gebogabeeyey" - gantaal Yukreeniyaan, iyo Walxaha - Ruush.

History of abuurka

CB "South" markii hore sameeyeen labo-yada gantaal "gebogabeeyey" la index 11K77 ee 1970 - 1980, sida ay hawsha Wasaaradda Difaaca ee USSR leeyihiin gaari bilaabay in uu oggolaan in aad si dhaqso ah oo waxtar buuxin group of satalayt ciidamada.

Iyadoo la raacayo, marka la dhigaayo fiiro gaar ah la siin jiray in ay isku halaynta, fududaato in la isticmaalo iyo xawaaraha of diyaarinta la bilaabay, kaas oo lagu gaarey isticmaalka ballaaran ee jaango'an iyo qalabaynta. Waxuun fasalka culus by qeexidda, ma noqon karto mobile, sidaas samaynta ayaa diiradda lagu dhigaayo dabaqada dhexe RN.

Marka la barbardhigo hababka horumartay ee sanadihii hore, in design this isticmaalaa ugu horumarsan tababarka farsamada iyo bilowdo-up, horumariyo SRI SK, SE lamaanahaaga "CB" Southern "in mashaariic badan.

Hirgelinta duulimaadka

The ugu horeysay ee la bilaabay ee gantaalada side ee April 1985, kaas oo ahaa aan caadi ahayn sida soo noqnoqda. Successful bilowga fuliyay October 1985. Markii hore, dhismaha waxaa diiradda on saarka hawlgalka satalayt military iyo nidaamyada dual-isticmaalka, laakiin ka dib waxaa jiray wareeg ah in olole caalami ah oo satalayt ganacsi.

goobta A labaad ee codsiga of version asalka ah ee "Zenit-2» 11K77 ahaa si loo hubiyo in dayuurada saldhiga bannaan ee "Mir" la markabka saarnaa. In ay u hoggaansamaan shuruudaha oo dhan, waayo, la bilaabay gaadiidka saaran pride ee "Zenit" dhismaha ka eryis gudaha badan oo qaaday tallaabooyin badan oo kale horumarinta isku halaynta la dhigay.

Beegyada uu ugu weyn design

"Gebogabeeyey" - gantaal, kuwaas oo sifooyinka iyo xuduudaheedu design farsamo u dhigma heerka caalami ah ugu sareeya. Qalmaa fiiro gaar ah xaqiiqda ah in ka badan 90% ka mid ah mass guud ee tallaabooyinka lagama maarmaanka ah si share shidaalka. Sidaas darteed, dhismaha labada marxaladood waa mid ka mid ah ugu wanaagsan ee astronautics casriga ah.

Iyadoo la tixgelinayo marxaladda 1-dii waxaa in badan sabab u engine waxqabadka sare RD171M ah, iyo sidoo kale iyaduna ka mid ah Waxuun lateral. Maqnaanshaha Sheelare kooxda sii nayaa diyaarinta for furitaanka, sida mid ka mid ah kala duwanaanshaha weyn ee u dhexeeya "Zenit" on bilaabay baabuurta kale. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, design-yada waa ku ool ah, yareeyo tirada qalabka pyrotechnic, iyo sidoo kale waxay kordhisaa isku halaynta guud by baabi'inta baahida loo qabo hab-soociddiisa Sheelare dhanka ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, tiro balaadhan oo ah taabato oo dhan wejiyada diyaarad u fasaxayaa furayey ah "gebogabeeyey" xawaare kala duwan dabaysha iyo in xaaladaha cimilada kala duwan, kaas oo sidoo kale gacan ka geysaneysaa ka kaxayntu ay ku habboon oo sax ah payload ah.

hababka aasaasiga ah

On RN ku leedahay ay ka buuxaan on-guddiga qalabka elektarooniga ah hawlgalka nidaamka telemetry ah. Saarnaayeen System Telemetry "Sirius" 'tmi bixisaa gudbinta laba channels radio kala jira NPC, oo ku yaalla soohdinta reer Russia.

tallaabooyinka Kala - "diiran": isticmaalaya marxaladda bilaabatay isteerinka engine 2, wiiqaysaa mezhstupennyh xiriir farsamo iyo Fariin xoog leh afar SRM qayb separable ee marxalada koowaad. Ka dib markii ay u qaadidda si ay masaafo amaan ah ka waddaa Waxuun wareega 2aad.

RN rakibay on hababka soo socda si loo hubiyo in ay hawlgalka iyo shaqada dayuurada:

• nidaamka xakamaynta;
• nidaamka cabbirka;
• ayaa sheegay in qaybaha habka dheecaanka sahayda shidaalka;
• nidaamka xakamaynta isticmaalka shidaalka;
• shidaal kaga habka ay gacanta ku,
• ammaanka duulimaadka;
• nidaamka ay gacanta ku heerkulka hawada ee cadaadiska sare ;
• xubno ay gacanta ku heerkulka,
• thermostating xubno nidaamka;
• nidaam Haydarooliga;
• nidaamka pozharopreduprezhdeniya.

casriyeynta

"Zenit-2" ka dib markii ay burburtay ee USSR ee aan tiimbadeen lagay. shirkadda Yukreeniyaan "Yuzhmash" sii horumarinta mashruuca "gebogabeeyey" in iskaashi dhow la-hawlgalayaasha Ruush ah iyo kuwa shisheeye. nidaamyada gantaal, jidaynayey si ay u fuliyaan furayey dhulka ( "Zenit-2SL B", "Zenit-3SL B", "Zenit-3SL BF") oo ka dhufto ee la olloga ah ( "Zenit-3SL") Waxaa la soo saaray. Ku dhowaad dhammaan bilaabo gantaalaha dhulka ku saleysan fuliyay at Baikonur.

Mashruuca International "Badda Daahfurka" abaabulay 1995 by dadaalka shirkadda American Boeing Commercial Space (40% caasimada), RKK Ruushka "Energy" (25%), Software Yukreeniyaan "Pivdenmash" iyo CB "South" (share guud ee 15%) iyo shipbuilders Norwegian Aker Solutions (20%). Ujeedada dallad ay hadda ku haboon iyo furayey badda kharash-ool ah "Odyssey" madal ku taala Dhulbadhaha. imtixaanada gantaal saaraya si guul maray. Tan iyo 1999 waxaa la fuliyay 32 bilaabay ganacsi guul leh "Zenit-3SL», iyo 4 ku guuldareystay. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, ay sabab u tahay horumarka xun ee Ukraine, kooxda Ukraine ee mashruuca ganaax ay ka qayb.

stage ugu horeysay

Dhismaha Wajiga koowaad ee "Zenit" waxaa ka mid ah:

• mezhstupennuyu jir;
• RD171 (RD171M) engine,
• qaybta dabada ah;
• shidaalka iyo oxidizer taangiyada.

jir Mezhstupennaya ka dhigan truss qol guurka welded ah. Waxay kooxda Jaha elektropnevmorazemov guddiga bixinta hababka isgaarsiinta, gaadiidka la bilaabay iyo pride la nidaamyada dhulka ku salaysan ku habboon si ay u bilaabaan ILV.

Haamaha Shiidaalka waxaa la gelinayaa qaybaha qalabaynta PGSP, dareemayaal VHC, Surte, ee taangiga oxidizer ah, weliba, nidaamka pressurization dhululubada rakiban. qaybta dabada la dhigayaa RD171M engine afar qolkii oo via usheeda dhexe loox lagu rakibay on jir ah dhamaadka hoose.

RD171 engine

warshad koronto waxaa loogu talagalay si ay u abuuraan kala jar iyo gacan ku haynta dadaalka oo dhan xasilinta channels RCN. engine Tani waxaa ku rakiban ku jira marxaladaha hore ee dhammaan hab doorinta "Zenit". Gantaal iyo hadda waxaa lagu qalabeeyay beddelid RD171M sare. The design isbedel engine ayaa looga gollahaa sugitaanka ay isku halaynta iyo waxqabadka.

In RD171 helay isticmaali technology saarka sare ee matoorada gantaal dareere ah ee ay shirkadaha Ruush berrinkii engine. Currently beddelid RD171M waa LRE ugu awoodda badan dunida oo dhan, ay ku riixdaan in biloowga ah (Dhulka) waa 740.

Heerka labaad

Dhismaha marxaladda labaad ee "Zenit" waxaa ka mid ah:

• module qalab;
• Waxuun Rd-120;
• RD8 engine isteerinka.
• oxidizer iyo shidaalka taangiyada,
• qaybta dabada.

module qalab qayb ka ugu weyn ee ku yaal saarnaa nidaamka gacanta qalab electronic iyo nidaamka cabbirka. In Haamaha Shiidaalka, sida in Marxaladda koowaad, dareemayaal ah waxaa lagu abaabulaa qaybaha qalabaynta Surte, VHC, PGSP ee taangiga oxidizer ah - dhululubada supercharging nidaamka.

qaybta dabada la cylindrical ku riveted baqshadda dhismaha caawinaysa block motor ka kooban propulsion engine mataanaha ah RD-120 iyo engine RD8 isteerinka Bawdada ah.

"Gebogabeeyey": gantaal iyo caddaymaha ay

Inta uu hawlgalka socday ee la bilaabay gaadiidka "gebogabeeyey" dhammaan noocyada 82 bilow-up la qaaday, inta badan si buuxda u Liibaanay (69 bilowday) ee la soo dhaafay, 4 - qayb ahaan lagu guulaysan, ku haray si aan caadi ahayn.

• dhererka gantaalaha: 57-59,6 m.
• Number of marxaladaha 2 ama 3.
• dhexroor ugu badan ee 3.9 m.
• Payload: 15 metrik nidaamka Daahfurka badda, 13.7 m - nidaamyada jidhadhka dhulka.
• miisaanka bilaabo: 445-462 tons.

In kasta oo tusaale u ah iskaashiga guul on barnaamijka "gebogabeeyey" caalami ah, gantaalo ah ayaa hadda ma soo saaray ay sabab u tahay xaaladda aan deganayn ee Ukraine.