Project Villarreal 641: Maraakiibta, sawiro

Oo wakhtigii dagaalkii qaboobaa ee u dhexeeya USSR iyo USA oo ku saabsan badda waxaa jiray ismari ah: on gacanta ku hal, Yankees ku lahaa dhibaato ah ma leh maraakiibta dusha (oo ay ku jiraan sidayaal gantaal), laakiin in raxan dalka ee (oo ay ku jirto iyadoo ay sabab u mu'aamaraad qarsoon) in arrintan ay ahayd badan taagta daran. Laakiin Midowga Soofiyeeti lahaa gujis ah. Kala duwan, waxaa jiray weyn, ka dhallaanka in loo arki karaa in "gaar ahaan kalluumaysiga," si wayn "shark."

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in ciidamada weerarka ugu weyn ee dalka wakhtigaas ahaayeen gantaal nuclear, in kastoo gujis naaftada-korontada suubban Project 641 ayaa door muhiim ah in taariikhda Dhismaha maraakiibta.

waqtiga New - shuruudaha kale

By qeybtii labaad ee 50-mada ay qarnigii la soo dhaafay u caddaatay in "Marwada jir ah" oo ka mid ah mashruuca 611 shuruudaha cusub horeba ha u dhigma. Americans waqti in mar hore si xoogan ku tiirsanaa mashaariicda ee quusta nuclear, laakiin in Midowga Soofiyeeti sameeyey bet weyn ku naqshado classic, waadna ku hagaagsan tihiin.

Arinku halkan waxa weeye in engine naaftada ah, iyadoo aan loo eegayn sida wada socda waxaa laga yaabaa in ay u muuqato, wax badan oo aamusan ka badan la eb ah: dhibaatada dambe ee gariirka, buuq ka howlgalka of matoorrada uumi iyo unugyada keenida. Diesel gujis isku biyaha hoostooda keliya tagaan on korontada oo sidaas daraaddeed buuq iyaga ka waa mid aad u yar yahay.

Magacaabidda Project 641 doonyood

Like ururka ka horeeyey, mashruuca gujis 641 u jeedkiisu ahaa si ay u daboosho kolonyo badda ilaalinta ganacsiga iyo isgaarsiinta wadooyinka,, joogteeyo xidhiidhada. Laakiin baabuur cusub u lahaa in ay leeyihiin qaab ciyaareed fiican xawaaraha, madaxbannaani weyn, xaalad nololeed oo soo hagaagay iyo nolosha shaqaalaha, iyo waxa ugu muhiimsan - si ay u keenaan hub si weyn u badan oo ku saabsan guddiga.

shaqaale ka kooban 70 qof, oo ay ku jiraan 12 qof - askari. Waayo, kulligeen waxaynu la abuuray xaalado fiican waqti nolosha, taas oo at mashruuca 611 doonyood ahaayeen haleeli. Gaar ahaan raaxo ahaa mashruuc gujis B-427 641 a.

The sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee ka mid ah maraakiibtooda quusta cusub

Mas'ul ka ah design ka sameeyey samaynta caan SA Egorov iyo za Deribina. Gulkroppshormon horumarkooda waxa lagu gartaa hooseeyo sheer iyo dareemi falaatka, stem "la keenin wax". Arintaan waxaa lagu sameeyey si loo kordhiyo seaworthiness ee gujiska shaac. Doonyaha mashruucan waxaa sidoo kale kala duwanaayeen fairings fahmayaan in sanka, kuwaas oo u adeega inay meel radar ee kala duwan iyo qalab kale.

Sida qalabka, qol ugu horeysay - dhaqan toorbiidyo ah. Villarreal Project 641 doon si qoto dheer ah 80 mitir dab laga yaabaa torpedoes. qol labaad waxaa ku nool, waxaa jiray, oo ay ku jiraan, iyo saloon. In qol isku hoos planking sagxad ah, samaynta ayaa kaalinta pack batteriga. oo kii afraadna wuxuu ahaa (dhaqan) meesha halkaas oo xafiiska dhexe waxa uu ku yaalaa.

Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa kaloo jiray qol ku nool iyo pack batari dheeraad ah. qaybta shanaad - naaftada, waxay ku yaalaan soo socda matoorada korontada, iyo in dambaysta ah, waxa weeye, kii toddobaadna, ku salaysan yahay dhuumaha toorbiidyo gurmad.

muuqaalka kore ee noocan ah ee doon ayaa sidoo kale lagu gartaa teed aad u sarreeya agagaarka qol ah. Waa sidaas "taariikhi" sarraysii isaga waxba soo baxdo. Intaa waxaa dheer, fairing on sanka, taas oo aan hore u soo sheegnay, ma aha korantada oo keliya, laakiin sidoo kale outlet gaaska iyo qalabka la siinayo engine naaftada biyaha hoostiisa.

quusta ayaa ku hubeysan noocan ah?

The hub ciidan ugu weyn - lix tuubooyinka toorbiidyo qaanso, oo la dhamaystiro afar cuntuu dheeraad ah. Laakiin isla aasaasiga ah oo dhan - sanka, sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ay u qalabaysan nidaamka recharging degdeg ah oo gaar ah. rasaas guud - 22 torpedoes. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ahaa "telemetry" model ugu horeysay oo, wada silig. Laakiin dhab ahaan, in ololaha military inta badan soo qaato 1/3 daqiiqo, iyaga bedelay torpedoes. Waayo, maaraynta geedi socodka toogashada la kulmo adag "Leningrad-641".

Quusta ku hubaysnaayeen torpedoes la madaxyada nukliyeerka, laakiin ay loogu talagalay oo kaliya in ay weeraraan maraakiibta dusha cadowga.

caddaymaha engine

Waayo, qalbiga gujis waa kaliya seddex naaftada 37D model. Waxaa loo qalabeeyey gazoturbonadduvom, gaashaan ka qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee soundproofing a bulkhead weyn. Sida aan ku sheegay, kooras ah quuska kulmaan labada Mishiinada dabka ah ee brand ee PG-101. Awoodda kasta waa 1350 litir. a. Waxaa jira motor raad raac PG-102, kuwaas oo awood si degdeg ah hp 2700 Waxa kale oo jira dhaqaale 140-hooras PG-104. Waxa loo isticmaalaa in kiisaska marka aad u baahan tahay in ay dhowraan ilaha, "fadhiya" on usheeda dhexe isla la-PG 102.

Waayo, dhaqdhaqaaqa doon isticmaali kartaa saddex propellers, tallaabo oo si sharci darro ah bedeli karaa by markabka. On dusha sare ee loo isticmaalo dhaqdhaqaaqa naaftada, kaas oo waqti isku mid ah ka qaadaan batteriga.

Farsamoyaqaan

Saddex fallaadhihii iyo saddex boolal, talaabo taas la bedeli karaa by markabka. All shukaanaha ku si qoto dheer iyo jihada lahaa kaliya seddex drive: Haydarooliga, korontada iyo buuga, sidoo kale loo yaqaan "fursaddii ugu dambaysay". set hore ee xasilinta automatic "marmar" waxaa loo isticmaalay, taas oo si weyn u fududeeyaa shaqada shaqaalaha iyo la socodka booska uu ka gujis ee bannaan.

energetics

Markii hore doon rakibay model 46SU batari dabayn ah, markii dambe bedelay 48cm ka sii adag oo capacious. Total on board-gujiska ahaa 448 unugyada. Waxaa suurto gal ah in on doomaha qaar ka mid ah loo adeegsan karo brand batari 60SU. tixraacyada ay heleen in dhowr dhacdooyin oo ka mid ah-qorka ee submariners Soviet (gaar ahaan, u Celiyaan Xagga B-427 641 mashruuc gujis a), laakiin ka dibna, laga yaabee, waxaan leenahay yaqiin ka caadiga ah.

waxyaabaha cusub ee qalabka on-board

In design ee markabka ka mid ah noocyo cusub oo SOONAARKA, radar iyo qalabka navigation, kale teknoolojiyad sare, (waayo, waayahaas) qalabka. Si lagu ogaado diirada dusha la isticmaalayo nidaamka radar "calanka" iyo saldhigga sare MG-10 hydrophone heli kartaa calaamadaha ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin dadka kale "asdikov". Waxay u adeegtaa oo adag isku ujeeddo "Arktika-M", kuwaas oo had iyo jeer u dhaqmo hab firfircoon.

Haddii aad ka iibsan ah model gujis B-28 Project 641, waxa aan arki karnaa qulqulaya weyn oo sanka, kuwaas oo hoy oo dhan elektarooniga ah.

Waayo, ilaalinta dadban ee doonnida waa "Light M", taas oo qabsatay xataa ilaa hadda ka hor dadka kale la karsado SOONAARKA. ELINT sameeyaa by adag "freewheeling". Waa in la ogaadaa in habka wax soo saarka ee design ee doonyaha kuwan waxaa si joogto ah samaynta isbedel la taaban karo, oo sidaas daraaddeed si sax ah dhamaan fursadaha qalabka on-guddiga ma shaqeyn doono. Casriyeeyey pass gujis hoos 641B astaanta.

The cillado ugu muhiimsan ee macluumaadka hawlgalka

Bilowga injineerada dhismaha ogaaday in goolasha ay ammaanka casriyeynta ee mashruuca caadiga ah shiidaa ma jiro. Oo maxaa yeelay dul saarin of quusta ugu dambeeyey ee taxanahan, waxay dib u shiidaa loogu talagalay on go ah. Sidaas darteed of isbedeladan ayaa si buuxda dib-u-qalabeysan iyo dib-u-diyaarin qol shanaad, samaynta bedelay matoorada naaftada more lagu kalsoonaan karo, ayaa sidoo kale bedel sakhiray baytariyada caadiga ah.

In galbeed, quusta, kuwaas oo si degdeg ah noqday kuwa loo yaqaan Foxtrot. Waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah maraakiibtooda quusta ugu horeysay mashaariic in lagu wareejiyay en sokeeye horimo in Heshiiska Warsaw ah, iyo sidoo kale kale, dalalka pro-Soviet. Tusaale ahaan, laba quusta isla markiiba ka dib dhismayaasha ayaa lagu wareejiyey si Poland iyo Hindiya ee gujis guud gaar ah ay dejiyeen, oo lahaa dhowr ah oo kala duwan oo halis ah ka qabyada ah ee asalka ah.

Sidaas daraaddeed, waxaa la dhigay bateriga kala duwan, haystay nolol dheer marka shaqada at heerkulka sare, in qol afraad ayaa laga saaray labo weliba qolalkii hoose, oon on gujis ah u suurtagashay in ay meel nidaamka qaboojinta, iyo sidoo kale shaqaalaha ayaa u kordhay awood for biyo nadiif ah. Sida aan u baahan yahay, our gujis B-28 641 mashruuca, qasbay hal mar Qarinaysaan dheer ka Maraykanka ee kulaale!

park ee hadda gobolka

Total dibadda (marka laga reebo dalalka ku bahoobay hantiwadaagga) maray 13 quusta sida, oo iyaga helay, gaar ahaan, Liibiya iyo Cuba. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, doomo kuwan waxaa si sax ah looga qaado dagaal waajib in Hindiya, biraha ee bartamihii 2000-, ayaa loo diray laba markab Poland, qaddar ee inta kale waa la garanayn. Inta badan, waxay kaliya qali waayo duugga ah. In adeegga ee dalka waa mashruuca doon naaftada ku shaqeeya a 641 (sida, faahfaahinta waa gaarto), laakiin waxa hubaal ah ugu dhakhsaha badan waxaa loo qori doonaa, sida maanta uu u bedelo ka beddelka jir yihiin "Lada", iyo quusta kale naaftada-korontada.

Sidoo kale, hal nuqul waa in adeeg la Navy Yukreeniyaan ah (oo waa gujis kaliya ee meelahaas). True, xaaladda gaariga uu yahay sida in la si joogta ah u bixiyey si ay u dhinto bir, sida ay dayactir hore u shaqayn karto. In ay jirto oo kaliya xaqiiqada ah in 2012 markabka this markii ugu horeysay muddo 20 sano ah, taasoo ka dhigeysa dhigtay waddadiisa badda la galay. Ukraine badbaadiyey oo kaliya in 641 mashruuc (quusta), taas oo uu leeyahay sawir Wakiilada ee maqaalka, wuxuu ahaa mid aad u kalsoonaan karo ka ah farsamo of view.

dhibaatada Gantaalaha ee Cuba

In galbeed ee gujis ee noocan ah waxa ay noqotay si weyn loo garanayo ee wakhtiga dhibaatada gantaal Cuba. Waxay ka qayb-galay jabiyay xanibaadda dhanka ah Cuba, iyo tirada dhabta ah ee quusta ku lugta lahaa howgalka la aqoon ilaa maantadan la joogo. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ay jiraan quusta ah mashruuca 641 19 Brigade. Shaqaalaha ayaa u lahaa in ay ku shaqeeyaan xaalado adag, sida heerkulka ee compartments mararka qaarkood gaadhay 60 degree Celsius, iyo sabeyn for hawo iyo amraya batteriga ma noqon karaan, si looga fogaado ogaado by maxkamadaha Mareykanka. Waxaa hoogtay, gujiska classic Project 641 ma lahayn qaboojiyaha ...

In xaaladaha adag sida, ee shaqaalaha, iyo xataa Taliyaha gujis mararka qaarkood maalmo yar gudahood wax fikrad ah kama waxa ka dhacaya dunida oo dhan, oo mid qudhuhuna kama yihiin Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo Maraykanka in xaalad dagaal nukliyeerka. Kaliya xirfad sare iyo degenaan reebay musiibo cajiib ah. Ka dib oo dhan, on board gujis kasta ahaayeen torpedoes la madaxyada nukliyeerka!

Waxaa jira cadaymo muujinaya in in 60 ka jira kiisas of xiriir dhow 641 doomood oo la odoroso la dumiyey American. Gaar ahaan kiiska lagu sharraxo, hore ee 1962. Mashruuca doon quuska 641 leh tirada B-36 muddo dheer si ay u gaaf dhow ee Cuba, si guul ah ka ogaado Navy Maraykanka iska dhaqaaqin. Mid ka mid ah habeenkii, inta lagu guda jiro jiirtii caadi ah, iyada waxaa arkay on board ah kuwa ku baabbi'inaya American aan la aqoonsan, markabka kuwaas oo (digniin la'aan) ka dhigay bilaabay toorbiidyo anti-gujis.

Nasiib wanaag, shaqaale ka mid ah B-36 ayaa si caqli ah oo si joogto ah u dhaqmeen. Weerarka ayaa ka soo badbaadeen, laakiin ... Americans dheer eryadeen doon ah (qoto dheer u tagaan, waxay ahayd wax aan macquul aheyn, batariga ka baxdo) iyo reebtay iyada heerka of risaasta iyo bam-gacmeedyo xataa caadi ah, oo marayay ether Glusha. Gudbiya dhambaal uu si Moscow ay ahayd oo keliya la isku day siddeedaad.

Inkastoo mucaaradku, markabka aysan awoodin in ay ka raad iska jebin. Oo intaas ka dib, oo doonnida u sii si ay u fuliyaan on dagaalka waajib by socday Peninsula Kola kaliya ka dib markii inta badan batteriga ka maqan yahay si. In xaalad la mid ahaa shaqaale ee gujis ah B-28 Project 641, laakiin ma jirin weerarro toorbiidyo.