Abwaan Alexei Surkov - kibirka dalka Yaroslavl

In Yaroslavl, waxaan sameeyay baadhitaan ku saabsan in dadka degan song caanka "In kursiga keydka," ogaado. Dadka oo dhan da 'farxad kor u qaadatay qoraalka, ku dhowaad ma mistaking erayada. Laakiin si ay u magacaabi qoraaga kari waayeen oo dhan. Abwaan Soviet Alexei Surkov, kuwaas oo Biography waa weligiis lala gobolka Yaroslavl waa qoraaga oo ka mid ah khadadka caan ah in uu ka qalin yimid bilowgii dagaalkii Great Patriotic. Maxaa la og yahay oo ku saabsan ninkan aan caadi ahayn?

"Dadka"

Alexei Surkov ku dhashay ka hor kacaankii (01/10/1899) tuulada yar (degmada Rybinsk gobolka Yaroslavl) Serednevo oo qoyska ka mid ah yaroow, wuxuu bilaabay inuu wax ku barayay dugsiga degaanka ah, isagoo u nuugo quruxda dabiiciga ah iyo xog nolosha miyiga. Muujinaya damac geliyaan waxbarashada, at 12 jir wuxuu u kacay St. Petersburg, halkaas oo uu ku leeyahay in ay ku noolaadaan guriga sayidkiisa, oo lacag. qolka waxaa loo yaqaan "Dadka", laakiin waxaa loo oggol yahay yarkaan in uu akhriyo wargeysyada iyo horumarinta. xirfadiisa Working bilaabay shaqada tababartaha ah guriga daabacaadda ah, alaabta guriga dukaan, joinery. Revolution uu la kulmay in dekedda ganacsi, halkaas oo uu ka shaqeeyay weigher.

In 1918, "Krasnaya Gazeta" daabacaa qaar ka mid ah Aayado A. Gutuevsky. alias Tani markii hore doortay Alexei Surkov, kuwaas oo sawir sanadihii la arki karaa in maqaalka. Waxa ay ahayd in uu isku daygii ugu horreeyay ee qoraalka. Siddeed iyo toban nin oo dhallinyaro ah, waxaa qoran galay Army Cas, adeegaya sida askari mashiin iyo faraska indheynta ilaa 1922.

"Solo"

In nabadda, Abwaan mustaqbalka guriga yar, halkaas oo uu ku hawlan prosvetrabotoy soo laabtay. Ilaa 1924 ugu horeysay ee tuulada dariska ah, waxa uu ka shaqeeyay qol aqal-akhriska, wariye miyiga noqdo wargeys ee degmadaada. xirfad The wariye ugu dhakhsaha badan uu noqdo A. Surkov ugu weyn. Durba "Xaq" ee 1924, wargeyska daabacay uu gabayo cusub, iyo in 1925 uu noqday xubin ka mid ah gobolka Congress of Writers. Isla sanadkaas, ku biiro CPSU ah (b), Alexey Surkov waa in Komsomol ah, isagoo barbar socda wariye ee gobolka dhawaan la abuuray ee wargeyska "North Komsomolets". Saddex sano (1926-1928) wuxuu ku kaxeeyey editor sare, wareegga korodhka by 2 jeer oo abuuraya a "Suugaanta Corner", halkaas oo ay la daabacay yaabaa bilaabo gabayaaga iyo qorayaasha tiraab.

In May 1928 uu ka socda Moscow ee aan Congress of Writers, ka dibna gobolka Yaroslavl ah, uusan soo laaban ma, la soo doortay si ay u RAPP ah. Bilowgii of this abuurka gabay saaray ururinta horaysay la daabacay sanadkii 1930. Waxa la odhan jiray "Solo." Aayadaha toosan siyaasadeed oo kala duwan iyo dareen waddaninimo ku jirtay oo aad u badan in baahida loo qabo. In sano ee ay si dhab ah u dhashay Abwaan Alexei Surkov.

Background: Sida ay qoyska sayidkii ee

Ka dib markii uu noqday boos joogta ah kulamada suugaanta, Abwaan kulmay Sofey Antonovnoy Krevs, naagtiisa mustaqbalka. Lamaanahan ayaa waxaa u dhashay laba caruur ah, wiil 1928 Alexey dhashay Natalia iyo gabadh u dhashay 1938 Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka, qoyska loo daadgureeyay doonaa in Chistopol, waxaa jiro xagga hore si ay u qoraan warqado ay Alexei Surkov. In gabadhii mustaqbalka dooran doonaa naftooda xirfadda saxaafadda, samaynaya musicology. Wiilka noqon doonaa ciidamada, ka kornayl Ciidamada Cirka.

30meeyada ayaa calaamadeeyay by xaqiiqada ah in A. Surkov uu leeyahay si ay u la'aanta ah ee waxbarashada, ayuu kaliya aan ka qalin ah Institute of Red Professors, laakiin sidoo kale difaacay ay PhD oo noqday borofisar ka tirsan machadka Suugaanta ee. Ha, iyo shaqo tifaftirka, iyadoo la kaashanaysa M. Gorky in "waxbarashada Suugaanta" magazine waqtiga ka tago. Ka shaqeynta LOKAFe, sii wadaan in ay qoraan gabayo iyo heeso ku saabsan geesiyaal Dagaalkii Sokeeye: "Dadka iskujaalka", "weerar", "Homeland u dhiirranow." shuqullada qaarkood waa songs ah: "Chapayev", "Konarmeyskaya".

Wariyaha dagaal

"Ciribtir Dagaalamo", "Red Army Pravda", "Red Star" - publications kuwa, taas oo 1939 la daabacay voenkor Alexei Surkov. Gabayaaga ka qayb qaatay laba colaadaha military ka hor dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic: ololaha Finnish iyo ololaha ee Western Belarus. Inkasta oo da'da neprizyvnoy, laga bilaabo maalinta ugu horeysa ee dagaalka uu u soo diray inuu hore, barar cadu ku yaal 1943 si ay darajo ee Colonel. Waxaa uu la kulmi doonaa gabayaaga badan oo sano dagaalka. Si uu uga sooco doono line caanka Konstantin Simonov ee: "Ma waxaad u xusuusan, wadada Alesha, Smolensk ...".

Sida editor sare oo ka mid ah "New World", ayuu daabacay gabayo, satires ah iyo gabayo xagga waqtiga geesinimada. Waxaa laga soo saari doonaa dhowr ururiyay oo gabayo, "gabayo nacayb", "weerar", "Heart Soldier ee". In 1942 wuxuu ku dhawaad Geeriyooday Rzhev, ka dib qoray khadadka bixin maskaxda:

"Oo rasaas ku gaarin, iyo kulayl ma aha meeshii gubatay,

Anigu waxaan ku socon weheliyaan qarkiisa dabka.

Waxaa la arkay Dhibaato hooyadiis u qaali ah

At naxariista dhimasho ii ah ... "

Laakiin gabayada ugu caansan noqon doonaa in uu shaqada. iyaga ka mid ah: "The Song of geesi ah", "Song oo ka mid ah daafacyada of Moscow" iyo, dabcan, ay "keydka" caanka ah.

Sheekada oo ah "ee dariska"

song ayaa dhashay bishii November 1942 ee degaanka of Istria (tuulada Kashino, gobolka Moscow), halkaas oo uu ku lahaa in uu ka tago deegaan ka mid ah jiifo ah. Wuxuu runtii dareemay in ka hor inta uu dhintay, talaabooyinka yar oo keliya. Marka khatarta ka soo gudubteen, jubbad dheer oo dhammuna wuxuu ahaa jeedal firirka qaraxa. Xataa Moscow, ayuu waxa uu ku dhashay khadadka caanka ah ee gabay loo diray si ay naagtiisii Chistopol. Marka edition muuqday laxamiistaha Konstantin Listov, Alexei Surkov isaga siiyey khadadka gacanta-qoraal ah, oo toddobaadkii song ah ka dib marka hore la sameeyaa by saaxiibkiis Mikhail SAVIN.

Laga soo bilaabo kulankiisii ugu horeysay waxaa ka mid ah si deg deg ah u baxay inuu ka hor ah, isagoo noqday gabal jecel askari. Waxay ku gabyeen Lidiya Ruslanova, oo markii hore xitaa sii daayay diiwaanka la rikoorka. Laakiin ka dibna waxay la gabi ahaanba la burburiyay, sida shaqaalaha siyaasadeed arkay decadence in khadadka gabayga oo la weydiiyay inay wax ka bedesho erayada. Laakiin song soo martay si ay dadka. Waxaa jira cadaymo muujinaya in askartii dagaalkuu dhex galay, iyagoo qaylinaya: "! Gabya, harmonica, inkastoo caalin" song caanka ka tuulada Kashino taallo. Waa aqoonsi dhab ah qoraaga, oo u shaqeeya wareegga ee 1946 waxaa la gudoonsiiyey Nobel ee Gobolka.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay

Ka dib markii dagaalka, Alexei Surkov, kuwaas oo Biography ayaa noqoto la xidhiidha hawlaha xisbiga iyo gobolka, sida editor oo madax ka ah "Ogonyok" iyo Raktarka oo ka mid ah Institute of Suugaanta sameeyey badan ogaano talent cusub. Waxa uu daabacay Anna Akhmatova, in magaceeda loo ilaaliyo hore ee Joseph Stalin. Isla mar ahaantaana, isagoo communist a qanacsanahay, uusan aqoonsan-abuurka ah Boris Pasternak, khilaaftay Solzhenitsyn iyo Andrei Sakharov. Abwaan dhowr sano, waxaa hoggaamin doona Midowgii Soviet Writers.

In 1969, dawladda dabbaal-degi doonaa guulaha Star of Hero of guulaha shaqada uu. dhimashada nin ee 1983 ka dib markii, waayo, qaar badan waxa ay noqon doontaa gabayaa cajiib ah, wuxuu noqday caan ah dalka Yaroslavl.