Alende Salvador: Biography, photos, xigasho. Yaa rogay Salvador Allende?

Salvador Allende - waa kuma? Wuxuu ahaa ka 1970 in 1973 uu ahaa madaxweynaha Chile. Isla mar ahaantaana wuxuu ku caan caadi ahayn ee USSR iyo garabka Soviet. Waa maxay soo jiidatay dareenka dadka Salvador Alende? Biography kooban oo ka mid ah ninkan aan caadi ahayn, iyo siyaasadda ayaa la hoos lagu soo bandhigay.

asal ahaan

ku dhashay ee Salvador Allende? Uu Biography bilaabay in Santiago June 26, 1908 qoys ah waxgaradka iyo siyaasiyiinta. Isaga oo weyn awoowe horrantii qarnigii 19aad ahaa associate ah O'Higgins, oo madax ka ah kacdoonka ee Chile ka dhanka ah xukunkii gumaystaha Isbaanish. Awoowe Ramon Salvador Allende ahaa saynisyahan caafimaad, medfakulteta hormuudka Jaamacadda Chile, iyo sidoo kale qalliin, kuwaas oo ka qayb ah War of Pacific ka dhanka ah Bolivia iyo Peru, abaabulay ciidan oo daawo military. Salvador ee aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa qareen, garabka bidix.

Carruurnimada iyo qaangaarka

Halkaas oo uu ka bartay oo ku soo koray Salvador Allende? Uu Biography ayaa sii waday gobollada kala duwan ee Chile, El Salvador, halkaas oo aabbihiis dhowr jeer u guuray xaaskiisa iyo afar caruur ah oo raadinaya meel fiican u-doodista la. Ugu dambeyntii, waxaa loo magacaabay notary magaalada Kismaayo Valparaiso ah. Halkan Allende Salvador dugsiga caafimaadka ka qalin jabiyay. Horeba in sanadaha hore ayuu tusay u janjeera in ay hawlaha siyaasadeed, cinwaanka galay xiriirka ardayda jaamacadda '. In hore 30-mada ay qarnigii la soo dhaafay wuxuu u kacay Santiago iyo soo galay Kulliyadda Caafimaadka ee Jaamacadda.

Socialist Republic of Chile ee 1932

gobolka Tani jiray kaliya laba todobaad xagaagii 1932 iyo baxday in jawi burburkii dhamaystiran oo nolosha dhaqaalaha dalka iyadoo ay sabab u Depression Great ah. Power ee Chile ayaa qabtay koox ka mid ah ciidamada bidix maskax xagjirka ah madax Marmaduke Grove (isagu wuxuu ahaa saaxiib la ah aabbihiis, Salvador Allende, iyo Grove walaalkiis ahaa mid ay isqabeen walaashiis), kuwaas oo lagu naadiyey madaxa Dawladda Kacaanka ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Hantiwadaagga ah ee Chile. Dawladda cusub in ay barnaamijka ku dhawaaqay Jid of kala guurka si hantiwadaagga, qaramayn ee shirkadaha istaraatiijiga ah iyo bangiyada, lahaanshaha wadareed oo ka mid ah shirkadaha yaryar, kala iibsiga ee dalka beerallayda, cafis loogu talagalay maxaabiista siyaasadeed, kuwaas oo waxaa jiray kuwo badan ka dib markii taxane ah oo ifbixii caanka ah ee hore.

Salvador Allende on ardayda jaamacadaha ugu baaqay in ay taageeraan kacaanka. Laakiin waxaa soo baxday in muddo gaaban ku noolaa qarnigii a, dawladda kacaan lagu afgembiyey, xubnaha la xiray, iyo qaar badan oo ka mid ah taageerayaasha kacaanka. Wuxuu waxaa la xiray iyo arday dhawaan caafimaad Alende Salvador (wax yar ka hor bilowga kacaanka, in uu helay uu shahaadada caafimaadka), kaas oo ku jira in qalcaddii guryo millatariga (analog oo ka mid ah Ciidamada Arrimaha Gudaha), ka dibna isku dayay maxkamadda ciidamada.

Wakhtigan ee Valparaiso muuqday dhimasho aabbihiis, iyo El Salvador waxaa loo keenay ay gelbinayaan uu guriga u aabbihiis iyo ina odhan karaa nabad gelyo. Sida uu markii dambe dib loogu soo yeero, daqiiqad this naxdin yimid go'aan ka si ay ula dagaalamaan for guusha ee caddaaladda bulshada in uu maanka.

Nasiib wanaag for Allende rogay dowladda kacaan mucaaradka naftooda ugu dhaqsaha badan xoog badiyay, ka dibna dhowr Kacdoonkii dheeraad ah, ilaa Madaxweynaha ku meel gaarka ah Figueroa ayaa ku dhawaaqay cafis loogu talagalay maxaabiista siyaasadeed. Waayo, dhaqdhaqaaqa siyaasadeed ku noqdeen tixraac Easter Island Marmaduke Grove, wuxuu la sii daayey iyo Alende Salvador.

Waxbarashada Socialist Party

In guga ee 1933 tiro ka mid ah ururada hantiwadaagga sida firfircoon ee dhacdooyinka kacaan of 1932, isugu yimid oo la aasaasay xisbiga SF ee Chile, kuwaas oo hoggaamiye u noqday Marmaduke Grove (madax xisbiga ee labaatankii sano ilaa dhimashadiisii 1954), iyo mid ka mid ah xubnaha ugu firfircoon - Allende El Salvador. Si dhakhso ah ayuu ka abuuray ururka ee xisbiga SF ee Valparaiso. In 1937, Allende loo doortay Golaha Qaranka ee gobolka Valparaiso.

In 1938, Allende ahaa masuul ka ah olole ka mid ah Front Popular ah, magacaabay ay musharaxa madaxwaynanimada ee xagjirka ah Pedro Aguirre Cerda. dhigyo Popular Front "Bread, hoy, iyo shaqo!". Ka dib markii ku guuleystay doorashada Cerda Alende Salvador noqday wasiirka caafimaadka ee dowladda Popular Front islaaxiyiinta, kaas oo inta badan ku xag. At uu post, wuxuu dalliciyey ansaxinta of tiro balaadhan oo ah dib u habaynta bulshada horumar, oo ay ku jiraan sharciyada ammaanka ilaalinaya shaqaalaha warshadaha ee, hawlgabka sare ee carmallada, Xeerka Ilaalinta Maternity iyo hordhaca ah ee cunto bilaash ah ee carruurta dugsiga.

dhaqdhaqaaqa siyaasadeed ee 40-60s

Ka dib geeridii Madaxweyne Aguirre Cerda ee 1941, Allende dib loo doortay xubin ka tirsan baarlamaanka, iyo in 1942 uu noqday xoghayaha guud ee xisbiga SF. Laga soo bilaabo 1945 ilaa 1969kii, Allende loo doortay Senator kaga keceen oo gobolladii Chile kala duwan, iyo in 1966 Madaxweynaha Senate Chile. Inta lagu guda jiro 50s uu dalacsiiyay hordhaca ah ee sharciga abuuray Adeegga Caafimaadka Qaranka Chile, barnaamijkii ugu horreeyay ee dalka Mareykanka in la damaanad qaado daryeelka caafimaadka guud.

Tan iyo bilowgii Allende 50s diriray saddex jeer ku guulaysan madaxweynenimada. Dhammaan saddex jeer, waxa uu ahaa musharax oo ka mid ah Front "Popular Action", abuuray by hantiwadaagnimadu iyo communists.

doorashada 1970

In doorashada madaxweynaha lagu qabtay sannadkaas waxaa ku guuleystay musharaxa of a garabka cusub ee doorashada "Midnimo Qaran" (ka kooban hantiwadaagnimadu, communists iyo qaar ka mid ah xisbiyada garabka bidix-dhexe) Salvador Allende Goossens. waxaa ku guuleystay uma muuqan mid aad u qanci - waxa uu dhaliyay kaliya 36.2 boqolkiiba codadkii la, halka uu soo horjeeda dhow, a Madaxweynaha Chile hore ee Jorge Alessandri helay 34.9 boqolkiiba. Laakiin tartamaya saddexaad, kuwaas oo ka qayb-galay doorashada ee xisbiga Democratic Christian ah, codeeyay inta kale ee codbixiyayaasha, waxay leeyihiin barnaamij ku dhow yahay inuu ka "Midnimo Qaran". Sidaas awgeed, waxaan u qaadan karnaa in bulshada reer Chile ahaayeen ay guushu ku isbedelka. Sida laga soo xigtay Dastuurka Chile, Congress Qaranka ansixiyey Madaxweynaha musharaxa helay tirada ugu badan ee codadka, ie. E. Allende.

muddo diinta Madaxweynaha

Marka xoog, Allende waxay bilaabeen inay fuliyaan "wadada Chile in hantiwadaagga." Waayo, intii saddex sannadood ah xukuumadda "Midnimo Qaran" ay la, ie, wareejiyay gobolka kheyraadka weyn ee dabiiciga ah ee dalka, .... Copper iyo iron ore kayd, lacag dhigaal ah ee dhuxusha, amooniyam, iwm qaybta dadweynaha la abuuray, taas oo ka mid ah qeybta libaax ee reer Chile warshadaha. Under control ee gobolka ahaa baananka iyo ganacsiga shisheeye. Dowladda Allende xiriirka Cuba dib loo soo celiyo iyo amnestied maxaabiista siyaasadeed.

State ay u helaan khayraadka dhaqaale la taaban karo oo ay hore gadiga qaab faa'iidada ku jirta gacanta milkiilayaasha ganacsiga. Waxaa suurto gal ah in ay si weyn kor loogu qaado heerka nolosha. Mushaharka dhabta yar ee shaqaalaha wax soo saarka ayaa kordhay 56% intii lagu bilood ee hore ee 1971, halka isla xilligaas, mushaharka ugu yar ee dhabta ah "collar cad" ayaa kordhay 23%. Sidaas darteed, awoodda wax iibsiga ee dadka ayaa kordhay 28% in muddada u dhaxaysa November 1970 ilaa July-October 1971. Heerka sicir bararka ka 36.1% dhacay sanadkii 1970 si ay u 22.1% ee 1971, halka celceliska mushaharka dhabta koray by 22.3% intii lagu jiray 1971. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in xawaaraha ee sicir bararka sannadaha 1972-1973. qayb ka mid hoos u tiro badan hore mushaharka, weli koray (celcelis) ahaan marka la eego dhabta ah, iyo in sannadahan.

Dowladda Allende la wareegeen dhammaan guryaha in ka badan siddeetan "core" ha, sidaa darteed in muddo siddeed iyo toban bilood oo dhan latifundia Chile (xaafadaha beeraha waaweyn) ayaa la baabiiyo.

hawlgabka Ugu Yar ayaa kor u tiro isla'eg in ay laba ama saddex laabmaan heerka sicir-bararka. Inta u dhaxaysa 1970 iyo 1972, sano ee hawlgabka sida kordhay guud ahaan 550%.

Sannaddii kowaad oo nolosha dheer Allende natiijada dhaqaale ahaayeen kuwo aad u wanaagsan, 12% la kordhiyo wax soo saarka warshadaha iyo in la kordhiyo GDP, 8.6%, oo ay la socdaan hoos u dhac weyn sicir bararka (ka 34.9% ilaa 22.1%) iyo heerka (ilaa 3.8% ).

matalaad Allende ee nuxurka dimuqraadiyadda

Madaxweynaha SF iyo malaha ku salaysan by dabeecadda aan la rumeysan yahay in milkiilayaasha hore ee hantida ay la yahay inuu u dhaqaaqo kasta tegi doonaa in ay dib ugu iyaga ka soo bixin. Maxaa la filayaa ka beddelidda Salvador Allende? Xigasho oo ka khudbado uu ku muujiyo in uu aaminsan yahay in isla oggolyahay ee dimuqraadiyadda. Sidaas daraaddeed, ayuu yiri, "dimuqraadiyadda reer Chile waa qabsashadii dadka oo dhan. Waa ma abuurka hadiyad ka mid ah fasalada ka faaidaysta toona, iyo waxa ilaalin doona kuwa allabari, ururtay in ka badan qarniyo badan, wuxuu iyadii soo ....". T. E. Alende rumeysan yahay in hay'adaha dawladda, sida uu sheegay mabaadii'da dimuqraadiyadda, samayn doonaa doonista inta badan ee dadka (E ie. Qayb yar oo ka mid ah) sida ka soo horjeeda danaha tirada propertied. Taariikhda ayaa muujiyay in uu khalad ahaa.

Yaa rogay Salvador Allende?

Si furan oo si qarsoodi ah ka gees ah "Midnimo Qaran" siyaasadda dawladda ka dhigay dowladda Maraykanka ee isbahaysiga la shirkadaha waaweyn ee Mareykanka. Waxay isla markiiba bilaabeen olole ay ku ceejineed dhaqaale ee dowladda cusub ee dalka Chile. Dhinaca bixinta amaahda si degdeg ah lagu soo rogay xayiraad, oo waxaa la soo dersay Xayiraadda amaahda ma aha oo kaliya ka Maraykanka laftiisa, laakiin sidoo kale dhammaan ururada maaliyadeed ee caalamiga ah, taas oo Maraykanka ka dibna, oo haatan ka ciyaaraan door weyn.

warshadaha dalka Chile jiray go'doominta this on sahayda of alaabta ceeriin iyo dayactir. qiiqa US si ay suuq kaydka ah copper istiraatiiji ah, ayaa foodda qiimaha this biraha, kaas oo loo ogol yahay iibka oo ka mid ah dakhliga sarifka lacagaha qalaad ugu weyn ee khasnaddii Chile. Buyers of copper Chile iyo cunfiga cadaadis loo arag si ay ugu khasbaan in ay sheegi cunaqabateynta ah ay iibka, oo ay ku jiraan xataa kuwa xaddi in mar hore ku jiray dekedda ah ee dejinta. guide Chile dhamaan codsiyada si ay dib u habayn deynta dibadda wxbarashada by dawladihii hore, ayaa helay diidmo categorical.

Sidaas darteed, by 1972 heerka sicir bararka ee Chile ayaa gaadhay 140%. Celceliska GDP dhab ah hoos u dhaxaysa 1971 iyo 1973. heerka sanadle ah ee 5.6% ( "koritaanka negative"); iyo hoos u dhaca miisaaniyada dowladda kor u kacay, halka kaydka lacagaha qalaad dhacay.

United States ugu dhakhsaha badan qaatay isku xirka tooska ah ee ciidamada siyaasadeed qarsoon horjeeda Allende, iyo iyaga oo la siinayo maaliyadda iyo talo. Dalku wuxuu galay kooxda wakiilada CIA waxay bilaabeen inay u qabanqaabiyaan waxqabadyo qarandumis. Howlgalka ciidamada Maraykanka ee Chile si cad u dirtay saraakiishii reer Chile si Caasiya dowladda.

On khaanadaha tageen cuntooyinka aasaasiga ah (kaydsada milkiilayaasha ay), taas oo keentay in la kordhiyo suuq madow ah bariis, digir, sonkor iyo bur. Baarlamaanka, maxkamadaha, xubnaha tallaabooyin ay gacanta ku state of dowladda shirqooleen. Media sheeko xumeeyay dadka, Beenta ku faafin Madaxweynaha colaadeed, dirtay tallaabooyin argagaxa iyo counter ee xukuumadda cusub. Xirma sakhiray in ay iskaashi la military dowladda, tusaale ahaan, Taliyaha ciidanka Carlos Prats, kuwaas oo, cadaadis ka mid ah warbaahinta ayaa lagu qasbay inuu is casilo. Xaaladdan oo kale, iska casilay oo uu madax ka mid ah shaqaalaha si firfircoon uga soo jeedin jiray Chile Army Augusto Pinochet, kuwaas oo bixiyo adeeg dibinta caddaaladda ee dalka, laakiin dhab ahaantii u tari fikradda ah inqilaab militari. Iyo ka hor inta uusan Prats isaga lagula talinayaa in ay madaxweynaha sida uu. Alende Salvador iyo Pinochet ugu dhakhsaha ah labaatankii sano ee dhowr noqday calaamadaha sooci karo oo ka mid ah dhacdooyinka Chile mustaqbalka ku daatay.

Sidaas daraaddeed, kuwa rogay Salvador Allende? Waxaa sameeyey military Chilean-socodnimo, oo ay taageerayaan xukuumadda Maraykanka.

afgambi 1973

In xagaagii 1973 xaaladda ka jirta dalka ayaa ka sii dartay. Dhamaadkii June, waxaa jiray isku day ugu horeysay ee inqilaab militari, oo markaas ahaa awoodaan si looga hortago. Inta lagu guda jiro isku day this, Allende shaqaalaha ugu baaqay in mashquulin warshadaha, guryaha iyo dhismayaasha dadweynaha. Qaybo ka mid ah dalka ay la aasaasay Soofiyeedku of xigeenadiisa shaqaalaha iyo beeralay 'kuwaas oo qaatay awood gacmaha iyaga u gaar ah galay.

Si wax looga qabto shaqo joojinta ayaa bilaabay shirkadaha dhaamin. dalka ayaa gebi ahaanba joojiyay sahayda cuntada ee magaalada. Dowladda requisitioned milkiilayaasha baabuurta. Ka dib markii in, dalka oo dhan waxay bilaabeen falalka, qaraxyo, fiilooyinka korantada argagixisada iyo dhuumaha. Isla mar ahaantaana General Pinochet si qarsoodi ah ku bixisay in ay Army iyo Navy ah u nadiifisaa dhabta ah ee saraakiisha iyo ciidamada taageeraya "Midnimo Qaran". Waxay si kootarabaan ah dekedda Valparaiso, halkaas oo uu hayay ku haya maraakiibta dagaalka, xasuuqayay.

Dhammaadkii bishii Agoosto, madaxweynaha hadlay kana soo horjeestay baarlamaanka, xukuumadda ku dhawaaqay dalka si sharci darro ah. Horraantii bishii September 1973 Madaxweynaha la soo jeediyey fikrad ah ee xalinta dhibaatooyinka dastuurka in lasameeyo. Hadalka muujinaya xal noocan oo kale ah lahaa in la yidhaahdo on 11 September ayuu Allende Salvador. Kacdoonkii, oo maanta ku dhigay ciidamada ka Chile, hogaaminayo Pinochet, kansali qorshaha.

Alende Salvador, dhimasho iyo dhimashola'aanta

Wax yar ka hor qabashada mucaaradka ah ee La Moneda (Madaxtooyada), iyadoo darbo iyo qaraxyo si bayaan ah ee asalka ah waxaa laga maqlay, Allende ayaa sheegay in hadalka sagootin raadiyaha, hadlaya naftiisa in waqti la soo dhaafay, oo ah jaceylka uu u Chile oo uu iimaanka qoto dheer ee mustaqbalka dalka. Waxa uu sheegay in,

"Shaqaalaha aan dalka, waxaan ku kalsoonahay Chile iyo aayahooda. Ragga kale ka adkaan doonaa this daqiiqad madow oo qadhaadh markii khiyaamo qaran oo doonaya inuu ku guuleysto. Maskaxda ku hay in ugu dhakhsaha badan waddada weyn mar furi doonaa, oo waxay ka xoreyn doono dadka si ay u dhisaan bulsho wanaagsan . noolaado Chile! Long dadka ku nool! Long ku nool yihiin shaqaalaha! ".

Muddo gaaban kaddib, mucaaradka ayaa ku dhawaaqay in Allende ka go'an ismiidaamin ah, inkastoo xaaladaha uu dhintay weli la wada hadlay khubaro. Ka hor geeridiisii, ayuu la soo sawiray dhowr jeer la qori AK-47, hadiyad ka timid Fidel Castro helay. Oo weligiisba wuxuu ku hadhay xusuusta oo ka mid ah dadka reer Chile, Salvador Allende, sawirka kaas oo kor ku qoran. Madaxweyne, ma u sujuudina in Shabaab.