Amooniyam Lead. guryaha Chemical, isticmaalka

amooniyam Lead - waa xarunta ah imanba isagoo formula soo socda: POBox (NO3) 2. In gobolka caadiga ah waa budo cad ama kiristaalo Biyuhu. walax Tani waa heer sare L. biyo.

guryaha jirka

1. Waxaa si fiican u milma la nuugista kulaylka galay H2O (oo biyo ah), si liidata - in acetone, iyo sidoo kale methyl iyo ethyl alcohols.
2. Waxa ay qaab kiristaalo Biyuhu diamagnetic, cufnaanta 4,530 g / santimetr³. eb kasta mawqif (lead) hareereysan laba iyo toban atamka of O (oxygen). dhererka bond mawqif-O of 0,281 nm, iyo NO - 0.127 nm. Waa nidaam cubic. Pa3 iska leh kooxda boos ka. sidoo kale qaab monoclinic helay, marka laga reebo noocyada cubic in xitaa marka kululeeyo si liidata L. in H2O (oo biyo ah).
3. heerkulka barafku Lead ee 600,65 K.

Sida loo helo amooniyam hogaanka

walax Tani waa inaan laga helin dabeecadda. Sidaa darteed, dadka ayaa soo saartay hababka qaar ka mid ah (warshadaha iyo shaybaarka), kuwaas oo hoos u dhigay kala diridda ee hogaanka (mawqif), ay hydroxide ama xabagta in lagu milo nitric acid. falcelin:
3Pb (lead) + 8HNO3 (nitric acid) = 3Pb (NO3) 2 (amooniyam hogaanka) + 2NO (xabagta nitric la sii daayay sida gaaska) + 4H2O (oo biyo ah);
PbO (xabagta hogaanka) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid) = mawqif (NO3) 2 (amooniyam hogaanka) + H2O (oo biyo ah);
Mawqif (OH) 2 (hydroxide hogaanka) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid) = mawqif (NO3) 2 (dinitrate hogaanka) + 3H2O (oo biyo ah).

Si loo xakameeyo hydrolysis iyo in la yareeyo milmi ee dinitrate hogaanka nitric acid waa in la qaato si xad-dhaaf ah.

Sidoo kale, dinitrate hogaanka helay sida byproduct ah ee daahirinta dadka acid qashinka, nitric acid, tus, marka ay qashinka warshadaha hogaanka-bismuth. Ka dibna, xarunta waxaa loo isticmaalaa leaching cyanide oo dahab ah.

Maxay yihiin guryaha kiimikada leeyihiin amooniyam hogaanka

1. In xal aqueous of amooniyam hogaanka fogeeyay galay anions amooniyam iyo siifilisku hogaanka. Halkan waxa reaction this:

Mawqif (NO3) 2 (dinitrate hogaanka) = Pb2 + (waxbarashada hogaanka) + 2NO3- (nitrogen anion xabagta)

Xalku waa dinitrate hogaanka hydrolyzed. Marka an NO3- nitratokompleksy qadar xad-dhaaf ah waxaa soo saaray: [mawqif (NO3) 6] 3-, [mawqif (NO3) 4] 2- iyo [mawqif (NO3) 3] -. Haddii gidronitraty pH ah ee koror xalka, waxaa natiijada la abuuray mawqif (OH) x (NO3) Halabuurka variable y. Qaar ka mid ah waqti isku mid go'doonsan gobolka adag.

2. Tan iyo dinitrate hogaanka waa xarunta milma, waxaa suurtagal ah si ay u helaan dareen sarrifka soo socda:

2HCl (aashito) + mawqif (NO3) 2 = PbCl2 (chloride hogaanka precipitates) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid);
H2SO4 (acid sulfuric) + mawqif (NO3) 2 = PbSO4 (sulfate hogaanka precipitates) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid);
Mawqif (NO3) 2 (amooniyam hogaanka) + 2NaOH (hydroxide Sodium) = mawqif (OH) 2 (hydroxide hogaanka precipitates) + 2NaNO3 (sodium amooniyam);
Mawqif (NO3) 2 + 2NaN3 (sodium azide) = mawqif (N3) 2 (azide hogaanka, precipitates) + 2NaNO3 (amooniyam sodium).

Xarunta kasta oo kiimiko ah oo ay ku jiraan waxbarashada hogaanka (mawqif + 2) fal xal ay ku anion ku iodide waa. Tani foomamka soo dadajin ah midab huruud ah-orange (Pbl2, iodide hogaanka). Waxa ay u muuqataa sida cadaanyo this:

Pb2 + + 2l- = Pbl2 (pellet)

reaction sarrifka la mid ah in wajiga adag. Tusaale ahaan:

Mawqif (NO3) 2 + 2Kl (potassium) = Pbl2 (precipitates) + 2KNO3 (amooniyam potassium)

Isticmaalka amooniyam hogaanka

- isticmaalaa qalab laga bilaabo wax soo saarka ee inta badan xarumaha kale ee mawqif (lead);
- sida inhibitor ah polymers nylon iyo polyesters kale, sida rodenticide ah, in blaastiigga of fototermograficheskoy warqad;
- sida amooniyam hogaanka - waxaa dovolno xeryahooda khatarta leh ee waaxda warshadaha hadda waxa ay isticmaalaan xarumaha kale. Tusaale ahaan, in soo saaridda ee rinjiga, kulan iyo rash gabi ahaanba ka baxay xeryahooda hogaanka.
- shaybaarka oo amooniyam hogaanka waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida ilo wanaagsan oo ku haboon ee tetroxide dinitrogen;
- xad dhawaan in tiro aad u yar oo ah xarunta kiimiko loo isticmaalo in cyanidation dahab.
- in Organic Chemistry, mawqif (NO3) 2 waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida oxidant ah, si aad u hesho dithiocarbamate ah isothiocyanates. waxa ay sabab u tahay sumoobo sare waxaa loo isticmaalaa wax ka yar iyo wax ka yar.

ammaanka

amooniyam Lead lagu tilmaamay inay tahay 2A category (malaha cudurka kansarka in ay xarunta aadanuhu). neefsasho aan la aqbali karin oo ah qiiqa sunta ah ama cunid iyo taabashada maqaarka ama xabka. dinitrate hogaanka waa in lagu hayaa gacanta. sumowga Chemical leh xarunta waxay keenaysaa in lagu sumoobo, Gliom iyo kansarka kelyaha, maskaxda iyo sambabada.