Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich: Biography

Saynisyahan u fiican iyo Academician Vladimir Kotelnikov noqday horyaal iyo aasaasaha cryptography qoyska. Inta lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, isaga iyo saaxiibadii abuuray tiro ka mid ah qalabka u gaar ah, kaas oo yimid macluumaad qarsoon iyo amar.

sanadaha hore

Saynisyahan u fiican iyo injineer Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich ku dhashay Kazan. Waxa uu ku dhashay on September 6, 1908. Wiil The iska lahaa qoyska ka mid ah Professor dhaxlo - aabbihiis iyo awoowe shaqeeyey jaamacadda hoose. Waa layaabna ma leh in la sida qoyska yar Volodya ilaa 6 sano bartay wax akhriska iyo qorista, laakiin sidoo kale ka adkaan waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah ee algebra, xisaabta iyo juqraafiga.

sano School, ilmaha on muddada World First iyo Dagaalkii Sokeeye dhacay. Taas darteed qoyska KOTELNIKOVO si joogto ah meeshaad u dhaqaaqay. Vladimir bartay guriga, iyo dugsiga uu bartay waayo kaliya saddex fasal ee ugu danbeysay. Soo gaareen khasaaro of sano oo dagaal ah kama ay jebin inuu xiiseynayo inuu sayniska. wiil dhalinyaro ah ayaa noqday xiiso radio. hiwaayad Tani ayaa qeexay inuu naftiisa mustaqbalka dhan.

formation

In 1926 Vladimir galay Higher School Farsamo ee Moscow magacaabay ka dib markii Bauman. Study jaamacadda raacay by booqasho koorsooyinka in Physics iyo Xisaabta Kuliyada Moscow State University. Intii uu joogay Nyquist Bauman ee ay qaab-dhismeedka istaagay MEI - Moscow Power Engineering Institute, kuwaas oo ka ninkii dhallinyarada qalin.

waxbarashada qiimaha ogol yahay isaga si uu u noqdo injineer ka ah Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee Communications of Army Cas. Markaas Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich ku qoran qalin MEI, iyagoo ka shaqeynaya sidii Injineer sare iyo madaxa shaybaarka Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee.

daahfurka muhiim ah

Career ah saynisyahan dhallinyaro ah ayaa sameeyey horumar degdeg ah oo degdeg ah, markii ee 1933, wuxuu soo koobay aragtida ah ee interpolation hawlaha, cilmi British furan Whittaker. Waxa uu sharaxayaa maqnaanshaha khasaaro xogta marka la isticmaalayo signal a joogto ah. formula The cadaato Kotel'nikov, waxay ahayd tan ugu muhimsan mustaqbalka of technology. Daahfurka ayaa noqday saleysan aragtida ah ee macluumaadka iyo koodh iyo processing nidaamyada Fariin digital, iwm At ku saabsan waqti isku mid ah sida Kotelnikov horumar degdeg ah oo la mid ah in ay cilmi-baaris lagu sameeyo Klod American ah Shennon, sababta oo ah waxa Aragtida ku odhan jiray Whittaker - .. Nyquist - Shannon.

daahfurtay Fundamental caddaatay aan si dhakhso ah. Waayo, qalabka u gaarka ah Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich qoray warbixin faahfaahsan, laakiinse lagama aqbalo by ah tifaftirayaasha ee sayniska wargeys-union "Koronto". Daabacaadan waxa uu sheegay in wax baaraha waa aan qiimaha for injineerada Soviet.

xirfadiisa Continued

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mar hore in 30-kii sano ee cilmiga Soofiyeeti Kotelnikov Vladimir wuxuu noqday musharax ee cilmiga farsamada ee USSR. Waxa uu helay shahaado xataa aan difaacaneysa sha a. Si dhakhso ah, in 1941, injineer ayaa diyaariyey dhawr mabda 'oo muhiim ah, taas waa in la dhiso mustaqbalka nidaam caddayn kala saarista calaamadaha.

Abstracts Nyquist ahaayeen kacaan. abuurnimo A fure ahayd isbadal oo ka mid ah calaamadaha analog jir si digital. Waxaa loo maleeyey in qalabka hawlgallada sida shaqayn doonaan si waafaqsan Aragtida ururinta. Sida kiiska ay cilmi-baarista afka baarkiisa, saynisyahan mar kale ka hor wakhtigiisa. farsamada, ayuu saadaaliyay, waxaa jiray oo kaliya ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee dunida.

On the goobaha qarsoon

Dhammaadka 30-ka Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich madaxa shaybaarka noqday for abuurka qalabka isgaarsiinta raadiyaha multi-channel ah. waxaa markii dambe la, gaaban-line dhexeeya Moscow iyo Khabarovsk la aasaasay. Wada jir ah ula Kotelnikov ku saabsan mashruucan shaqeeyay alifay fiican Aleksandr mintiyada, Konstantin Egorov iyo kuwa kale. Sidoo kale, cilmiga uu hoggaaminayo laba laboratories, kaas oo la horumariyo kala saarista technology, telefoonka iyo macluumaad telegaraafka. Kooxda ayaa, ka shaqeeya xarumaha kuwan, ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey at kharashka injineerada, ayaa dhawaan ka qalin Institute of Communication.

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii Great Patriotic, khabiiro Soviet ay maareeyeen inay ka nidaamyada macluumaadka sirta dhacsan in synchronous cusub u guurto, toosan qarsoodi sheekada radio iyo telefoonka. kaalin weyn in ay guul this ayaa Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich. Biography Qubarada ayaa muujiyey hoggaanka dalka ee istaahilaan inay ku Aaminto shaqada muhiim ah. alifay xal kor u qaadeen dhibaatada muhiimka u ah qaranka - qalab ah imayl calaamadaha cod, adkaysi u deciphering cadowga. Ka dib markii Germany weeraray USSR qalabka sida noqday muhiim ah.

"Sable" iyo "Bullfinch"

qalab gaar ah ku amray waaxda mas'uul ka ah inta jeer ee xukuumadda isgaarsiinta (RF). model imtixaanka koowaad ee "Sobol-Waxaan» waxaa la sameeyey iyo 1938 maray. Qalabka waxaa loo sameeyey at dhirta Leningrad ee "Red Dawn." Marka caasimada Northern hoostiisa go'doominta ahayd, ganacsi la daad gureeyay in ay Ufa. Waxaa la aasaasay warshad cusub №697, ay leedahay Dadka Commissariat of Warshadaha Korontada ee USSR.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in Ufa iyo qayb ka mid ah shaybaarka dhaqaaqay, madaxa kaas oo ahaa Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich. saynisyahan The, in kasta oo ay dagaalka, sii si ay u horumariyaan encoder ah, kaas oo lahaa muhiimad weyn u difaaca dalka. In group Ufa Nyquist biiray ciidamada la injineerada geedka "Red Dawn." muunad "Sobol-P" waxaa la soo saaray ee 1942. model Tani waxaa loogu talagalay telefoonada qarsoodi ah Mowjad radio. Waqtigaas, "Sobol-P" waxa uu noqday qalab farsamo ugu adag ee datada sii macluumaadka. Qalabka wuxuu u kuweeda ah calaamadaha double-hadalka korontada. Tani waxaa la sameeyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo qaybaha dib u dhac waqti of signal iyo giraanta inversion spectrum. horumarinta wuxuu kuu ogol yahay in ay soo saaraan transposition ah qaybaha hadalka. cryptogram ahbaa ahaa aqrin waayo cadowga.

Habka baaritaan guddi gaar ah ee gobolka. Waxay ogaadeen in "Sobol-P" ogolaanaya wadahadalo qarsoon si ammaan ah. Waxa xiiso leh in qaar ka mid ah qaybaha farsamo qalabka (oo ay ku jiraan fuusto magnetic) oo aan lagu fuliyay Ufa iyo Leningrad ee hareereeyey. items qiimo u dhiibay iyada oo khadadka iyadoo la kaashanayo duulista.

Si wadajir ah la "Sable" ee qalabka la qaadi karo si loo kala saaro SAU-16 ( "Bullfinch") waxaa la sameeyey intii lagu jiray dagaalka. Qalabka waxa u ekaan boorso. Isaga inta lagu guda jiro safarada uu isticmaalo taliyayaasha iyo wakiillo ka tiirarka ee dhulka, meeshaas oo aan lahayn isgaarsiinta ee hirka sare hore.

"Neva"

Dhaqe "Sobol-P" ayaa marka hore loo isticmaali duurka ku dhamaadkii 1942. Markaas radiotelephone model ah Windows XP wadahadalo sir ah oo dhexmaray Moscow iyo Tbilisi, bedelida kharribay Jarmalka xiriirka yaqaanaan hoggaanka Front Transcaucasian ah. qalab Bet badbaadiyay dhowr bilood, ilaa xeebta Caspian ma aha line cusub waxaa la dhisay. Ka dib markii baabtiis guul qalabka dab "Sobol-P" dhuftay xarunta Lugbuur oo dhan. At GHQ waxaan go'aansaday in ay isticmaalaan model this inay gudbiyaan amar qarsoodi top iyo warar.

Laakiin "Sobol-P" ma ahaa cibaaro kaliya kaas oo gacan Kotelnikov Vladimir. Horumarka 40eeyaha saynisyahan noqdo ka sii weyn ka dib markii la alifay ee "guumays" iyo "Neva". Qalabka Kuwan waxaa loogu talagalay in ay sir fariimaha via channels banki. Waxaa lagu saleeyay nidaamka sireed adag, oo waa mid gaar ah oo aan dibadda ku jirtay. "Neva" loo isticmaalo xiriirka ka dhexeeya Moscow, 1 st iyo 2 Lugbuur Byelorussian Byelorussian. Intaa waxaa dheer, farsamo this ayaa helay ay codsi inta lagu guda jiro shirka caalamiga ah ee Xulafada ee qeybtii labaad ee dagaalka (Tehran, Yalta iyo shirarka aabbo). Ugu dambeyntii, "ayuu Neva" waxaa loo isticmaalay in wadahadalo Kremlin oo la weeraray awoodaha Yurub kala duwan ee saxiixa dhiibin Jarmalka.

dagaalka ka dib,

Ka dib guushii ay kooxda reer injineero ka shaqeeyey in Ufa, waxaa la kala diro. Dadka ku takhasusay of "Red Dawn" ayaa si Leningrad soo laabtay. Qeybtii kale ee alifay iyo aqoonyahanno u tageen inay Moscow, ay ka mid yihiin in MEI ah. Waxaa sii joogay in ay ka shaqeeyaan iyo Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich. saynisyahan Photo marnaba galay wargeysyada. Waxaa ka shaqeeya on mission qarsoodi ah, ayuu kuma xisaabtami karin sumcad dadweyne ah hawlihiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib markii dagaalka, Vladimir Kotelnikov keentay waaxda "Foundations of teori Radio Engineering" ee machadka. Oo isna wuxuu u soo orday muddo ka badan 36 sano.

Laakiin qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha reer hawlaha yaraaday ka dhanka ah asalka ah ee shaqada ee sharashka ku Marfino caan ah. Tani waa magac aan rasmi ahayn noqday aad loo ogayn, waxaa go'an in buugaagta ka mid ah qoraa iyo Nobel Alexander Solzhenitsyn mahad, sidoo kale waxaa soo shaqeeyay. Si rasmi ah, waxa uu ahaa shaybaarka gaar ah №8, abuuray by si dowladda Soviet. In gobolka of sharashka ahayd 490 oo qof. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah ayaa soo saartay taleefoonka qarsoodi ah, qalabka cusub ee programka sirta macluumaadka, iyo wixii la mid ah. D. Qaar ka mid ah shaqaalaha la adeegaya xukun xabsi ah aqoonyahaniinta iyo alifay ah.

academician

In 1953, saynisyahan a noqday academician ah oo ka mid ah Academy of Sciences ee USSR. Haddii qof ka mid ah khubarada on sirta ah ee isgaarsiinta iyo u qalantay horyaalka this, waxa hubaal ahayd Kotelnikov Vladimir. Photos oo lagu daydo ee hindisooyin uu hadda ku jira matxafyada badan, kuwaas oo hadalkay u huray in mowduucan. Academician madax shaybaarka, si ay u abuuraan qalabka ee Wasaaradda Difaaca oo KGB ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, wuxuu madax Guddiga, loola socdo tayada hindisooyin cusub oo injineerada kale.

In 1950-60 Vladimir Kotelnikov noqonaysaa bilaabaha iyo waxyooday qalabka sida "Liana" "Lily", "Diamond", "North-M", "meyska", "IBM-B", iyo D. sidaas on. Laga soo bilaabo 1954 in 1988. Academician ahaa Agaasimaha oo ka mid ah Institute of Engineering Radio iyo Electronics, Academy of Sciences ee USSR.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay

Ka dib burburkii Midowga Soofiyeeti, inkastoo ay da'da qadariyo, wuxuu sii firfircoon Kotelnikov Vladimir. Taariikhda Dhalashada (September 6, 1908) iyo adeegyo kala duwan oo dalka aan jirin sabab uu for isaga si ay u joojiyaan iyo dhigano guulaheenna nastaan.

In 1992, Ruush Academy of cryptography ayaa loo abuuray mahad Academician. In 2003, Vladimir Kotelnikov waxaa la guddoonsiiyey Order "Waayo Services u degree Fatherland» Waxaan. saynisyahan The helay sanado badan oo shaqo ah oo gacan ka taagan horumarinta cilmiga Soofiyeeti iyo Ruush uu. Academician dhintay on February 11, 2005. Oo waxaa lagu aasay at Kuntsevo Xabaalaha ee Moscow.