Andre Breton: Biography, nolosha shakhsiga, sawirada la horyaal iyo sharaxaada, xigashooyin

Marka wada hadalka ama qoraalka jiro erayga "surrealism", ururada ugu horeysay oo ay maskaxda ku soo - waa "farshaxanka" iyo "Salvador Dali". Waayo, shakhsiyaynta ee fashion ee qeybtii hore ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay dad badan, jihada si hufan waa hoaxer weyn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, surrealism bilaabay, halkii, gabayo, ka dibna waxaa la soo saaray ee rinjiyeynta. aasaasaha waxaa loo arkaa in ay jihada ee Andre Breton. Abwaan, qoraa iyo Abwaan, ayaa abuuray fikirka ah surrealism. Iyo naftiisa oo dhan ahaa xarunta.

Andre Breton: Biography laga bilaabo dhalashada ilaa World koowaad

Wuxuu ku dhashay qoraa Faransiis yimid 1896 (February 19) ee Normandy. Waalidiinta ku riyoon in ay ina heli doontaa xirfad qaali ah oo ay noqoto qof la ixtiraamo. Andre disaccustomed dugsiga kaniisadda, markaa in college ee Paris, iyo ugu danbeyn soo galay Sorbonne Kuliyadda ee Medicine. Inkasta oo dhakhtar Andre Breton ma ahayn in asalkiisu ka soo jeedo agagaarka danta waqti isku mid ah maskaxda, wuxuu qaadi doonaa iyada oo loo marayo nolosha. Natiijooyinka iyo fikradaha soo baxday ka-socodka ah ee waxbarashada iyo fahamka shuqullada Charcot, Freud ka dibna, in mustaqbalka ay noqon doontaa mid ka mid ah aasaaska fikirka ah ee surrealism.

jeestay dhibcood

Horeba inta ay waxbarashadu uu Andre bilaabay barashada suugaanta. Inta lagu guda jiro World koowaad, isna wuxuu u adeegay sidii habsami ah ee isbitaalka iyo kulmay Guillaume Apollinaire, Abwaan caan ah, kuwaas oo markii dambe waxaa asal erayga "surrealism". Taasi waxaa xigay kulan la Fillipom Supo. Ka dib markii soo laabtay Paris ka dib markii dagaalka, Andaros, iyo Filibos, iyo saaxiib Louis Aragon in ay qaataano hawlaha suugaanta firfircoon, taas oo keentay in la abuuro of a jihada cusub ee stylistic.

dagaalka ka dib,

Andre Breton ka dib markii dhigis muquurtay dunida ka mid ah gabayo galay. Waxa uu jecel yahay shuqullada Apollinaire, ku faraxsan yahay in uu akhriyo William Blake iyo Lautréamont, oo ay barbar wadaan inay bartaan maskaxda.

In 1919, Andre Flippen la Soupault iyo Louis Aragon furay majaladda "Suugaanta". Isla mar ahaantaana, Breton bilaabaa in uu ka qayb-galo hawlaha dhiirrigeliyeyaasha Dada, isbeddellada wax-uqabso ah, ay fikrad ugu muhiimsan kuwaas oo loo arko burburinta nidaamka sharraxaadda kasta. Waxa uu la aasaasihii dhaqdhaqaaqa, Tristan Tzara kulmay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Andre quruxsan si dhakhso ah "weynaaday" Dada. By 1922, wuxuu ka habkani iska socday oo sii waday in ay abuuraan oo ay style u gaar ah. Isla sanadkaas, Andre Breton, oo waxaa ka buuxa horumar guul iyo rajo in Vienna nolosha shakhsi la kulmay Sigmund Freud. On Abwaan jiitay Abuuraha reer tijaabo psychoanalysis in riyooyin hypnotic. Waxay fahamka Freud Breton markaas shaqeeya adeegsanayaa horumarinta fikirka surrealism.

jihada cusub

ururinta hore ee gabayada by Andre Breton soo saaray in 1923. Waxa la odhan jiray "The Light of dhulka." Oo ku xigta, 1924, wuxuu noqday madaxa kooxda, isu keeno Halabuurka iyo gabayaaga ah Surrealists ah. Tirada dhaggan dhaqankan cusub waxaa ka mid ahaa Pablo Picasso, Francis Picabia, Max Ernst, Pol Elyuar iyo, dabcan, Aragon iyo Soupault, iyo xataa kuwa badan oo ka mid ah fanaaniinta yar yar. Waqtigaa, inta badan oo ka mid ah xubno ka surrealism horey ayaa loo sameeyay, laakiin jihada cusub ka maqan qaar ka mid ah wada noolaanshaha iyo Hufnaan. Andre saaxiibada uu ka dhacay dagaal dhagaystayaasha iyo fadeexado, at bandhigyo iyo hoolalka martiqaadka, bandhigga daandaansi uu farshaxanka. Breton, si kastaba ha ahaatee, si degdeg ah xaqiiqsadeen Xunna dhaqdhaqaaqa farshaxanka, kaas oo ku salaysan habab sida is-qowlka.

manifesto of surrealism

fikradda ugu weyn ee ah jihada farshaxanka cusub ayaa ka soo baxay in Bayaanka koowaad ee Surrealism, kuwaas oo in 1924 qoray Andre Breton. xigasho document daruuri maanta la socon wax qoraal ah oo ku saabsan taariikhda barnaamijka ama koorsada.

Surrealism in Faransiis - "superreality". Breton ayaa lagu qeexay in ay gool uu Bayaanka sida ugu macquulsan saarista badan oo dhammaystiran ee soohdinta u dhaxaysa riyo iyo xaqiiqada (oo halkan waa ay adag tahay in aan aragto lama huraanka ah ee fikrado ah Freud). Waxbaa ka dib, in maqaalka "Surrealism iyo Rinjiyeynta" Andre anfaco jihada cusub horyaalka ma aha qaab farshaxan, laakiin jidka nolosha iyo fikirka, free ka mabaadi'da adigoo aan dabiici ahayn ee macquulka ah iyo anshaxa soo jireenka ah ee dhaqanka ee waqtiga.

Habka ugu weyn ee

Breton soo jeediyay in saaxiibo iyo hab cusub si loo abuuro shaqo ka mid ah farshaxanka, gaar ahaan gabayada tix iyo tiraab. Waxay noqotay "qoraal toos ah" - hab ah ee ra'yi dhiibashada xor ah oo aan caqabad iyo yareysey gacanta ku hay, sharraxaadda iyo anshax. waxaa kula 1920 by André Breton oo kaashanaysa Filippom Supo qoray "Magic Fields", soo daabacay wargeyska "Suugaanta".

In ay hadal "qoraal toos ah" buuxda ay aheyd inuu noqdo hal abuur leh, mana dayacna ee xulashooyinka dhadhanka, aragti ah ee shakhsi ahaan ah niyadda daqiiqad. Waa lacag la'aan saamayn gudaha iyo dibadda waa fikirka saafi ah, oo aan nijaasta iyo xadeynta.

Ideologist of surrealism gudbin ah "qoraal toos ah", iyo baahida farshaxanka wanaagsan. farshaxankiisa Andre Breton hab loo ekaysiiyaa qoraalka. Under saameynta ay fikrado ka mid ah fanaaniinta ugu caansan dunida ee, oo maanta uu abuuray masterpieces ay.

In farshaxankiisa Breton ee dareenka caadiga ah ee erayga, shiidaa ma jiro. Waxaad xusuusan karin ee "Paracelsus", kaarka ciyaareed la sawir ah laba carsaanyo abuuray by Andre ka hor inta uusan Maraykanka, ama «muuqaalka Surrealist», ku qoran inta lagu guda jiro hiwaayadaha Dadaism uu a. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shaqo graphic ugu xiisaha badan ee qoraaga - ka stihoveschi wax-u embodying ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee farshaxanka iyo gabayada. Words ay bedelay walxaha la taaban karo. tijaabo badan ka dib Breton garawsannay in sanamyadii uga wanaagsan gudbiyo macnaha yimid. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, stihoveschi qoraaga ay had iyo jeer bixisey comments afka ah.

hogaamiyaha talisnimo

Breton is khilaafeen camal macaan. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah asxaabta uu ku caasiyoobeen rigidity ee amiir u ahaa kaligii talisnimada iyo dhaqdhaqaaq bidix ah. In meel iyaga ka mid ah had iyo jeer yimid cusub. Sidaas daraaddeed, Aragon iyo Soupault siiyey si ay Buñuel iyo Dali. By wakhtigaas (ee 30meeyada ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay) magazine "Suugaanta" ayaa loo baxshay "Surrealist Revolution", daabacay uu novel Breton ee "Nadja", lagu muujiyey by qoraaga (1928, mid ka mid ah shuqulladii ugu caansan ee qoraaga), iyo maqaalka hore u soo sheegnay " Surrealism iyo rinjiyeynta "(1928) iyo la daabacay maqaalka" Revolution hore iyo weligiis "(1925). Surrealism sida aan caadi ahayn, hab "cusub" nolosha iyo jidka ee fikirka ku saabsan xaqiiqada bilaabay inuu ku faafay adduunka oo dhan.

tilmaamaha New raacsan iyaga la keenay xoog iyo fikrado dheeraad ah. Saamaynta ay ku surrealism guud iyo, gaar ahaan, on art Breton kaliya xoojiyey. Andre qiimo badan si cad u muujiyey by xaqiiqada ah in uu dhintay ka dib jihada nuugo socday muddo gaaban, oo kaliya dhawr sano.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, Breton ahaa oo ku nool dalka Mareykanka, halkaas oo uu sii waday si ay u abuuraan iyo Ansixinta surrealism. Wada jir ah ula Ernst iyo Duchamp, uu furay Exhibition Caalamiga ah ee Art. At Yale, wuxuu siiyey cashar a on surrealism. In 1945, Breton inay France ku soo laabtay. Halkanna wuxuu si firfircoon doonayeen inay cilinta dhaqdhaqaaqa hore, laakiin isku day cadaato Xumo falayaal.

Ka dib markii in France laabtay, Andre ka qaybgalay ay muujinayso Paris, ku qoray qaar ka mid ah tiraab iyo gabayada ( "Arcane 17", "ODE in Charles Fourier", "Saacadaha Siraaj", "gabayo" iyo wixii la mid ah). Biographers ayaa sidoo kale xusay kordhay ideologist xiiso of surrealism in labaatan sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa in weedhu. In 1966 (September 28) wuxuu u dhintay pneumonia.

saamaynta

Waa ay fududahay in la fahmo waxa ugu horrayn lagu xasuustaa durriyadii Andre Breton. Pictures la magacyada iyo sawirrada sayidkiisa kama dhex helin si fudud. Maanta Breton - gaar ahaan aasaasihii surrealism, Abwaan iyo qoraa tiraab, Master of erayada. saameynta uu la arki karaa in suugaanta badan oo inta lagu guda jiro dhexe iyo dhamaadka qarnigii la soo dhaafay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in shuqullada sayidkii ee ka dhaansado waxyoonay iyo sii wadaan in ay sidaa sameeyaan wali waa tiro badan oo ka mid ah fanaaniinta.

All in lagu sameeyo Andre Breton: farshaxankiisa, sharaxaad of fikradda wayn oo ka mid ah isbeddellada ugu weyn ee farshaxanka ee qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 20-aad, iyo gabayada saxaafadeed - bixitaankii mabaadi'da surrealism. Breton abaabulay isbedel cusub ay isku ah niyadda iyo isbeddellada dhaqan uu ka qabno, iyo sidaas ku amray inuu awood hal abuur leh fanka ee mustaqbalka. Surrealism oo maanta dhiiri tiro badan oo ah dadka si ay u abuuraan shuqullada cusub ee beeraha kala duwan oo farshaxan, ka rinjiyeynta iyo tiraab in movies iyo music.