Waa maxay Smalt: Noocyo, guryaha iyo codsiyada. smalt mahrajaan

Waa maxay Smalt? Si fudud u gelin, xaleef, cufayo ama ulo galaas midab leh. Oo haddii aad si dhab ah, tani waa mawduuc for article ah. Waa maxay smalt, waxaan eegi doonaa hoos.

Noocyada kala duwan ee galaas midab leh

• Transparent ayaa gloss sare, midabka qoto dheer cad, sparkles iyo shimmers.
• Opalescent uu leeyahay midab dhalaalaya ah, isdiyaarintiisana a kala midabo iyo hodan.
• Barbaraha helay barafka galaas in midabo kala duwan.
• Dahab iyo lacag. Inta u dhaxaysa labo lakab oo dhalo waxaa maal diiwaanka loo baahan yahay.

artist casriga Color dooran karaan tiro badan oo midabo, taas oo siin cusbada galaas iyo oxides biraha kala duwan. Oo waxaas oo dhan - galaas smalt.

glazes tayo leh

1. Waxaa la iftiimay gudahood wax laftiisa.

2. Aad raagaya (mahrajaan Roman ka smalt ma laga badiyay ay racfaan for Millennium). Dadka reerkeeda ugama cabsato qoyaan iyo dhaxan, si aad u isticmaali karto sidii wax a universal dibadda iyo gudaha dhameystir.

3. xubno xalinta Dhaqameed - 5 x 5 x 5 mm. Laakiin waxay noqon kartaa wax qaababka joomateri - magacda, iyo polyhedrons kala duwan. Si aad u hesho noocyadan, muraayadda la kululeeyo oo la sameeyey galay chips. Hadda waxa uu noqonayaa waxa smalt cad.

Smalt iniinahoodu ku dhex jiraan waa wax qaali ah, iyo shaqada buugan, taas oo waxaa loo isticmaalaa in soo saaridda ee alaabta, sii kordhisaa qiimaha.

Production of smalt

galaas dhamaystirtay waxaa isuku. Waxay noqon kartaa midab, xataa dhalada iyo midab. Ayaa lagu daray in boqolkiiba kala duwan borax, amooniyam, Cobalt, cryolite oo si toos ah lagu ridayo lagu karsado. Markaas mass kulul dareere ah oo aan ka mid noqoshada of goobooyin hawo ah waxaa ku shubtay galay wasakhahaasi. Markaas saarka annealing iyo nadiifinayo. Taasi waxa ay smalt.

glazes taariikhda

Its taariikhda dib u bilowga our Zaman tagaa, in qadiimiga Rome. In waxa ay iyadu ka Greece yimid, wuuna ballaaran faafin. Romans The jeclaaday wax cajiib ah oo cusub. Inkastoo, marka been dhagaxyo galaas, waxa aanu had iyo jeer u taagan yihiin waxa color ay heli. technology ayaa kaamil ah. Waxay jecel yahay in ay ku faafo dabaq dhagaxyo midab, darbiyada ay Villas, daaraheeda waaweyn, iyo muddada sidoo kale raad-beeraha. Laakiin marka laga soo tago glazes, inta badan loo isticmaalaa in humaag ay dhagaxyadaas yar iyo quruurux. Farsamadan loo isticmaali karaa sida a muddo dheer ku haysa oo aad wax ku ool in aannu mar. Wall, saqafka ama dabaqa of glazes ka bedeli doonaa gurigaaga. Oo haddii aad u isticmaasho in aad gym guriga, dabaqa ma xiran doono.

ganacsi kale - Byzantium. In Roman Empire Bari, sayidkii gaadhay badan. Shaqadooda sida odayga ka badan la safeeyey marka la barbar dhigo. kaniisadaha Christian ayaa si deeqsinimo ah ornamented. On derbiyada si ay u abuuraan darey adag mowduucyo qaaday Kitaabka Quduuska ah ka. Window iyo albaabka furan sharraxay. Garasho dhagaxyo noqday more xarrago leh, dhagxan yar yar ah ayaa la isticmaalay. Loo smalt dahab ah sida asalka ah. smalt Multi-midab noqotay qurxinta ugu weyn ee soo dhaweynta. Laga soo bilaabo waxa la abuuray darfahoodii mahrajaan. In siminaaro badan oo laga dhalaaliyaa smalt. Waxaan ahaayeen sayidyadiinna ah ee qarsoodigooda, iyo tirada midabo in ay ka heli karaan, waxaa jiray in ka badan boqol. Byzantium xataa maray sharciga ah sida ay taas glazes dhoofinta gacanta dawladda. By bartamihii qarnigii shan iyo tobnaad-ka, Empire Byzantine ka tegey, iyo wax soo saarka ee glazes sii Italy. Waxa ay ahayd wax soo saarka qaali ah, oo ma aha baahsan.

In Russia iyo Russia

Wada jir ah ula baabtiiskii amiirradii Kievan rus 'jiideen decoration ee kaniisadaha ay fiiro. Qadiimiga ah ayaa helay ugu yaraan hal workshop soo saarka ee smalt samaynta walxood.

At ka dib markii smalts saaraha ku hawlan MV Lomonosov. shuqulladiisa aan helay waqtiga codsiga, inkastoo ay si buuxda u horumarsan barafku dhalooyinka iyo xujo Sargaal Sare. Inta badan ka dib, markii Auguste Montferrand dhisay Isxaaq Cathedral, mahrajaan ee glazes loo isticmaalo soo saaridda ee walxood iyo xubno kale oo ka mid ah cathedral ee, ka dadbaya dhow lix boqol oo mitir oo laba jibbaaran. m. Tusaale kale oo isticmaalka glazes waxaa la xidhiidha taariikhda daran - dhimashadii ku timid Alexander Emperor ee III. Markaasaa Church of Badbaadiyaha on Dhiig la dhisay. gudaha waxaa ka buuxsamay mosaics of glazes.

Maxaa kale oo ay sameeyaan in glazes

First of dhan, ka taariikhi kabarta. Waxay qasac ku yaalaan on derbiga ama saqafka. derbiga ka soo hor jeedda waxa lagu qurxiyey waddooyinka ee Aamino, sida caadiga ah, ama gudaha. Haddii darfahoodii humaag, waxaa inta badan faafin ka glazes. On derbiga ama saqafka dhismaha dadweynaha runtii u muuqataa mid aad u haybad, gaar ahaan haddii artist ayaa kaalinta isaga in content qoto dheer ah, miisaanka oo dhamaystiran.

In times Soofiyeeti,

Tusaalayaal iska cad cad ee codsiga of humaag ka glazes soo ururay oo darfaha yihiin saldhigyada metro. Tusaale ahaan, laba ka qaad, "Chekhov" (1987) iyo "Kiev" (1954). Pylons taageera meelaha dedan oo ku saabsan "Chekhov ee" aan la arki karin. Dahaarka laga sameeyey marmar ah. Laakiin darbiyada track ah - shaqo ka mid ah tahay. Waxay ka samaysan yihiin in style ee mahrajaan Fiorentine oo na matalaan Muuqaallo shuqulladiisii A. ku P. Chehova (eeg. Kor). Gabi ahaanba ka duwan u muuqataa saldhiga "Kiev". Waxay leedahay siddeed iyo toban pylons pompous, taas oo caan ku ah dadka Ukraine. Iyo sidoo kale yaroow shaqada iyo dadka caadiga ah wuxuu la kulmay on May 1 iyo Maalinta Victory. "Novoslobodskaya" Waa in la ogaadaa darfahoodii shaqada mahrajaan Pavla Korina saldhiga. Waxaa lagu magacaabaa "Peace World." naag adkaade (u qaadan in model ahaa naagtii dhise ee saldhiga ah), taas oo ah in uu la kulmo dadka oo heysta ilmo lagu sawiray ee asalka ah xiddig shan geesood, dubbe iyo sickle, xidmooyinka wax dahab ah oo dhegaha. Kor xamaam oo madaxiisa qaloocdo. Oo halkaas waxaa joogay a sawirka of Stalin, oo waa lagaa saarayaa ka dib markii XX Congress. dunida, taas aawadeed, waxaa lagu qeexay in foomamka guud weyn. Oo kuwii ku dhisayna sheegi Halyeeyga in naqshada iyo rinjiile, ka dib markii xeerkii by qadaadiic ugu horeysay galaas dhigay. Corin Group ayaa sidoo kale soo shaqeeyay on the "Komsomolskaya-Ring" station, fulinta 8 mosaics. Waxay ahayd sannadkii 1951, si ay theme caadi ah - guul dadka Ruush in dagaallo kala duwan. Tusaalooyin ku saabsan saldhigyada dhulka hoostiisa badan oo dheeraad ah u keeni kartaa, sababtoo ah qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah u eg hoolalka madaxtooyada.

Pictures of glazes

Waxay si ammaan ah lagu qori karaa in ay musqulaha, jikada iyo, dabcan, in laga lalmiyaa qowladaha, Ku socsoco qolalka, lobbies. Waxay noqon kartaa sida theme asalka ah, oo nuqul ka mid ah shuqullada sayid Ruush ah iyo kuwa shisheeye caan ah. Sawirka qol kasta smalt muuqataa organic, aad u caadi ahayn oo cajiib ah. darrada waa kaliya ee ay qiimo sare. Laakiin waxaa xaq ku kharashka wax iyo ganaax, shaqada u cabbudhinayo buugan.

Farsamadan qadiimiga ah ayaa haatan la siiyay nooleynta cusub. CUSBOONAYSIINTA design ee qolka, si fiican u xusuusan oo ay ka faa'idaystaan faa'iidooyinka kama taagna.