Ankara iyo Istanbul ee xarunta dalka Turkiga? Caasimadda ah ee Turkey uu haatan yahay

"Ankara iyo Istanbul caasimadda ah ee Turkey?" - yaabi dalxiisayaal badan oo qalaad. Oo aad u la yaabay markii ay maqleen in magaalada ugu weyn waxa uu ku yaalaa meel waqooyi-galbeed ee dalka. Maxaa ka dhigay dadka u malaynayaa in ay tahay caasimadda ah ee Istanbul? Malaha taxane cajiib ah "wayn Century", doorkiisii taas oo qisoon ku saabsan Dhabahaan buu of a qoyska urub Sultan Suleiman Qanooni (xalaal ah). Haa, magaalada on Horn Golden ahaa caasimada. Oo jidka agtiisa ah, ma aha oo kaliya in wakhtigii Salaadiinta. Oo Ankara? Haddii ay tahay "dhismaha cusub" sida, oo waxaad tidhaahdaan, caasimada Kazakh ee Astana? On the Dhabahaan buu of qaddar ka mid ah labada Magaalo, akhri maqaalkan.

saldhig Istanbul

tab Honor ka mid ah "dhagax ugu horeysay" in magaalada iska leh degay Greek. In 658 BC. e. waxay ka Megara yimid oo la aasaasay dejinta a on jasiirad yar, oo ku taala meel u dhaxaysa badda iyo xumeeyayna Horn Golden ah. magaalada ayay magacaabay in sharaf of hoggaamiyaha Empire Byzantine ah. The meel juquraafi wanaagsan, taas oo ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal tahay in la xakameeyo marinka maraakiibta oo ka mid ah Badda ee xumeeyayna in Badda Madow iyo dib, ka caawiyay in ay dadka, horumarinta farsamada gacanta iyo ganacsiga loo kobciyo. City of Byzantium - caasimada mustaqbalka ee Turkey Istanbul - ayaa si deg deg ah u noqdaan mid ka mid ah magaalada ugu weyn ee Giriigga. In '74 BC. e. Aasiyada Yar guulaystay Rome. City, kuwaas oo dhulka ayaa muddo dheer kordhiyay meel ka durugsan jasiiradda asalka ah, ayaa sii waday in ay barwaaqoobaan. Laakiin duulaankii ah Barbariyiinta, kaas oo noqday bilowgii dhamaadka Boqortooyada Roomaanka, gariiriyey ee fayo-qabka shacabka ah iyo Byzantium. By ee AD qarnigii saddexaad, magaalada dhacday hoos u dhac.

oo qaraami ah Ankara

Haddii aad weydiiso waxa magaalada qadiimiga ah - Byzantium ama Angira (sida waa magaca hore ee caasimadda Turkey), waxa loo aqoonsan yahay in labada Magaalooyinka casriga soo baxay oo ku saabsan waqti isku mid ah, in qarnigii VII ee BC, laakiin Ankara qabaa inuu derejeeyo Istanbul . Aan ka fogayn waxaa ka waa magaalo gaar Neolithic Çatalhöyük. Xataa in la joogo-maalin Ankara qarnigii line-(dheer ka hor inta ay ka imanayaan degay Greek) waxaa jiray qalcaddayda ah, kuwaas oo mid ka mid ah links ee silsiladda daafaca ee ilbaxnimada reer Xeed ahaa. Waxa xiiso leh, erayga Giriigga ah ee "Angira" tarjumayaa "barroosinka." Maxaad calaamad markab magaalada, ka fog badda? Angira been at the laysaan waddooyin badan xira Aasiyada Yar Yurub iyo Africa. Sababo la booska wanaagsan magaalada si joogto ah waa bartilmaameed u ah weerarrada. Waxay leedahay Faaris, Phrygians, Celts ah. wadadii A gaar ah si ay horumarka dhaqaale siiyey qabsashadii Roman. Emperor Augustus halkan dhisay uu deganaansho xagaaga. In Angira, sida in qadiimiga Byzantium, waxaa jira faa'iidooyinka ilbaxnimada, sida bulaacadaha, biyo-siinta, nalalka jidadka, amarka soo socda ee adeega dabka iyo booliska.

jeer suuska

qaybta bari ee ugu badan Roman Empire waa yar ay u saameeyeen duulaankii ee barbariyiintiina, ka badan Galbeed. Sidaa darteed, hooyo a of Trier (casriga Germany) Konstantin Veliky in 324 go'aansaday inuu u dhaqaaqo caasimadda ah ee ay gobolka si Byzantium. Si aad u yimid inuu hoos u dhac qaar ka mid ah magaalada Dirk heerarka caasimadda, gooyo bilaabay dhismaha oo baaxad weyn oo ah. Waxa uu soo bandhigay nasashada canshuurta ee dadka ajnabiga ah la filayo - saanacyadii iyo farsamayaqaan. In lix sano, aagga magaalada ayaa kor u dhowr jeer. Dabcan, waxa uu ahaa ka yar Ankara casriga ah ama Istanbul. Caasimadda ah ee Turkey wakhtigaas ahaa magaalada yar. Laakiin Byzantium oo Constantine baxshay New Rome curisey. Emperor aad u badan rabay in caasimadda ah ee ay raaxo qaalisan City Khalqigana maamula. Waxa intaa dheer in gargaarka in ganacsatada, wuxuu ka khasnaddii oo kibis ah, oo saliid saytuun ah iyo baahida loo qabo shidaalka qaybiyey. From Athens, Efesos, Korintos, Rome iyo New Rome ayaa lagu casuumay sculptors iyo Ranjiilayaasha, injineero iyo culimada.

jeer Byzantine

Magaca qabatay, iyo ka dib dhimashadii gooyo ayaa meel magaalada ahayd la baxshay Constantinople. Waxay ahayd Magaalooyinka dhab ah oo ka mid ah qarniyadii dhexe hore. Halkan waxaa laga keenay Mala'igtu quduusiinta Sokeeye, macbudyo weyn dhisay, bad, ceelal, Hippodrome ah. City, hoos bacdi Maryan, dhowr dekedaha ganacsiga iyo military. Ka dib burburkii final of Boqortooyada Roomaanka, Constantinople noqday caasimadda ah ee gobolka cusub - Byzantium. Dalkan awood badan, kaas oo uu madax u basileis kordhiyay badan sii badan Turkey hadda. Capital (Map Byzantine Empire waxa ay tusaysaa) ahayd ku dhawaad bartamaha dalka. Weli sii kordhiyay saamayn ruuxiga ah ee Byzantium. dadyowga Diinta Slavic noo yimid halkaas ka. Iyo sidoo kale alifbeetada - alifbeetada Cyrillic. Laakiin Constantinople (waxa loogu yeero Slavs Constantinople) wuxuu ahaa bartilmaameed u ah ololaha milatari. Yaqaaniin waxa ku riyoon jiray oo ahaa boqorradii reer West, Saliibiyiinta ah, Slavs, Huns, Faaris, Avars, oo carab ah iyo Pechenegs.

Ankara waqtiyada Byzantine

Raaxo iyo Muuqda ee boqortooyadiisa weyn inkastoo aan toos ahayn, laakiin sidoo kale saameyn ku deriskaaga bari ee Constantinople - Angira suubban. magaaladan dhex maray waddo muhiim u bariga, si Asia. Waayo, hanataan "Silk Road" diriray baadiyaha ah oo ay Saliibiyiintu ka. Iyada oo daciifisa of Empire Byzantine ah, Ankara - caasimadda ah ee Turkey mustaqbalka - galay dalkii hantida u ahaa Seljuks ka gudbay. Tani waxay dhacday ka dib markii dagaal Malazgitskoy ee 1073. Haddii magaalada ma Seljuks galay burbur ku dhacay. Laakiin halkan on goobta taariikhiga ah muuqday soo taxnaa. Bilowga ee qarnigii XV ciidamada hoostiisa amarka Sultan Bayezid waan la diriray ee Battle of Ankara ciidan Timur ee. The magaalada iyo degaannada ku hareereysan ayaa aad u waxyeeleeyay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ciidamada Sultan ee dagaalka this looga adkaaday, oo isaga qudhiisana la qaatay maxbuus.

qarnigii weyn

561 sano ka hor, May 29, 1453, Constantinople loo qaaday by ciidankii reer Mehmed II Fatih (kaliga ah). Constantine XI Palaeologus, Basileus ee la soo dhaafay, ayaa lagu dilay dagaalka. Sayidka dhamaaday taariikhda ka badan 1,100-sano ee Empire Byzantine ah. Constantinople waxaa magacooda loo baxshay Istanbul. "Sarreeyaha Porte" (sida saffarro yeedhay Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda ee Turkigu), haysashada iman kara this dhaqaale qaaday, waxa ay noqotay mid ka mid ah ciyaartoyda ugu caansan ee saaxadda siyaasadeed ee dunida. Ka hor inta Mehmed Fatih ma ahaa su'aal - Ankara ama Istanbul. Caasimadda ah ee soo taxnaa tan Turkish lahaa inay qabsadaan, malaha raaxo safiirada shisheeye iyo qiyaasta aan horay loo arag. Waxaa halkan dhisay masaajidda u wayn iyo, dabcan, ay Sultan ee Topkapi Palace.

Ankara inta lagu guda jiro Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda

Caasimadda ah ee hadda ee Turkey ka hor dayrta ee Constantinople ugu horeysay u dhaqaaqay Seljuks ah, ka dibna ay u soo taxnaa. Tani magaalada on banka Anatolian ayaa muddo dheer caadaysteen in ay nolosha ka mid ah van xuduudda. Iyada oo IX VI jir (xitaa marka bazilevs Byzantine) waxaa la dhisay ee ah derbiyada dual giraanta daafaca Shuushan. Caasimadda ah ee Turkey, Istanbul ayaa la xidhiidha wadada ganacsiga Ankara ee. Sidaa darteed, magaalada gobolka weli ma ahaa ka go'an. Halkee masaajidada lagu dhisay - qaar ka mid ah si toos ah oo ku saleysan oo ka mid ah kaniisadaha Masiixiga ah, kuwaas oo, ee jeedo, la qotomiyey on goobta macbudyo jaahilka. Dhismaha ugu da'da weyn Islamic ee Ankara tixgeliyo Hadzhibayram Masaajidka, la dhisay qarnigii XV ku arkaynin Guryohoodii mooyee oo ka mid ah Temple of St. Augustine, iyo Roma. dhismahan diinta weli u qabata hawlihiisa. Inside waa xabaashii of Haji Bayram, weli iyo aasaasaha amarka monastic, kuwaas oo ku dhintay 1430.

Ankara - caasimadda ah ee Turkey

In qarniyadii 18-19 th, urub Empire ah, daciifiyey by dagaallo joogto ah, wuxuu galay hoos u dhac. Xataa in Dagaalkii Adduunka, Turkey go'aansaday inuu taageero Germany - iyo natiijada waxaa loo qaybiyaa waxa qadhaadh ee soo gaartay. Sidaa darteed, in 1918, Istanbul heystey ciidanka Faransiiska, Ingiriiska iyo Greece. Laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan ka dib markii halganka madaxbannaanida, dunida oo dhan ayaa loo aqoonsan yahay xukunka Turkey. In 1923, hogaamiyaha Mustafa Kemal Ataturk naadiyey markii la afgembiyey Boqortooyada iyo waxbarashada. Waxa uu doonayay inuu laftiisa fogeyno intii suurto gal ka "Suldaan" ee Istanbul, gaar ahaan tan waxaa jiray taageerayaal badan oo ka mid ah xukunkii hore. Intaa waxaa dheer, Atatürk doonayo inuu u dhaqaaqo caasimadda ka mid ah "line hawlgallada milateri ee." Ankara ayaa loo doortay by fursad. Magaalada Tani waxa ay ahayd xad u dhow Istanbul, sidoo kale ayaa lala isaga in line tareenka. Laakiin caasimada cusub ee Turkey (photos of sano kuwa markhaatiga hadalyaqaan ah) waa ka go'an dhamaystiran. magaaladuna uma biyo socda, nalal, bulaacada. Safiiradda kajan sheegay in dameerihii xidhxidhnaa in ay Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda ee dalka a trellis uu furmo suuqa ee.

Caasimadda ah ee Turkey uu haatan yahay

badan Ataturk maalgeliyeen dhismaha iyo horumarinta ee magaalada. Haddaba waxaa a multi-million Magaalooyinka. soo jiidashada ugu weyn waa Gorod Ankara ee hoggaamiye qaran Ataturk. inaan halkaan dhismayaasha cusub Next dhaarsan jidadka Dr Makumbe cidhiidhi iyo masaajidda qadiimiga ah. Laakiin safaaradaha badan iyo dhismayaasha dowladda kala firdhinta wax shaki ah sida in oo taasuna waa magaaladii - Ankara ama Istanbul - caasimadda ah ee Turkey.