Barnaamijka American "Apollo". Immisa qof ayaa ku socday on dayaxa?

XX qarnigii - Zaman ee horumar degdeg ah aadanaha meel. Her ugu wayni waxay ahayd, waaxana duulimaad galay falagiisuu, nin ka ee vacuum ah, iyo horumarinta dhulka satellite - Moon ah. liddiga ah been in xaqiiqda ah in dadku bilaabay inay iska ilaawaan ka qayb by barnaamijka American "Apollo" (1969-1972) ka dhigay, jidaynayey qof ay ka gudbaan dhulkeenna u gaar ah, oo maanta dad aad u yar in ay ka jawaabaan su'aasha ah ee sida badan dadka ku socday on dayaxa awood u yeelan doonaan.

Go'aanka in la beddelo dunida

Sannadkan waxaa la xusayaa 55 sano tan iyo qoraal taariikhiga ah ee Madaxweynaha Dzhona Kennedi on bilowga mashruuca hoos magaca "Apollo". Waxa uu ahaa jawaabta duulimaadka Yuriya Gagarina iyo arakayo jirta Maraykanka ee sahaminta bannaan. Mashruuca ayaa Labiyo ahayd ma aha oo kaliya in ay sameeyaan boodboodi ah oo tayo leh, u dabaal xoog sayniska iyo farsamada ee dalka, laakiin sidoo kale dadka ka soo dagaalka jeclaysan in Vietnam jeediyaan. Waxaa jira caddayn dokumeenti ah in Kennedy ka dib markii ay baareen dhinacyada dhaqaale iyo sayniska ee su'aasha soo jeediyay NS Khrushchev mideeyo dadaalka labada dal fulinta oo ka mid ah sahamo dayaxa, isku dayayaan in ay abuuraan a "buundada bannaan" u dhexeeya labada Kooxahan, laakiin waxaa diiday.

Maanta waannu og nahay in barnaamijka lacag gaadhaysa $ 26 billion. Tani waa 10 jeer ka weyn yahay qiimaha abuurka bam qaaradda. Laakiin Kennedy weli go'aan muhiim ah, isagoo caddaynaya fursadaha limitless nin oo magiciisiina ee taariikhda galay ee horumarinta meel bannaan. Ka jawaabaya su'aal ku saabsan sida badan dadka ku socday on dayaxa, waa in waxaannu xusuusan nahay in ay gaartay falagiisuu 24 duuliye, laakiin 12 kaliya inuu ka tago ay calaamaddu ay dusha. Oo waxyaalahaas ka hor furitaanka ugu horeysay guul ahayd afar tijaabo, si loogu diyaar garoobo saddexda cir ku dhintay January 1967.

markabka The ugu horeysay

"Apollo 11" waxay ahayd pride ah, u dhiibay in ay dusha dayaxa ugu horeysay duulaan guul. Inuu ku soo bilowdo 16.07.1969, ayaa lagu muujiyay on telefishanka ee warbaahinta nool. The maalmood ee ugu horreeya, halka markabka ahaa kastana falagiisuu dhex wareegsan dhulka, sii maalin walba video feed, taasoo muujinaysa filayo sare la xidhiidha markabka this. Captain Neil Armstrong, pilot ugu weyn Maykl Kollinz, pilot module Labiyo Edwin Aldrin - duuliye khibrad leh, waxay joogeen meel at Maraakiibta "Gemini", maalintii afraad gaadhay kastana falagiisuu dhex Labiyo ka dib markii engine-yada saddexaad.

Maalintii xigtay laba ka mid ah guurtay module dayaxa iyo ka dib kaakicin nidaamyada iyo undocking galay reduction falagiisuu. feature A of duulaan, kanu wuxuu ahaa xaqiiqada ah in ka dib markii matoorada dhulka duuliyaha u suurtagashay in ay dalka module ee seconds heerka muhiim u ah isticmaalka shidaalka. Neil Armstrong waa earthling ugu horreeyey oo heshay ogolaansho in dayaxa tagaan. Waxa uu raacay by Edwin (88-sano ay magaceeda u Buzz Aldrin bedelay), sii wad ku dayaxa sacrament diini ah.

Isagoo dusha meel 2.5 saacadood (waqtiga haray lagu qabtay module ah), shaqaale dhagax-baarka soo shireen, oo wuxuu ka dhigay sawiro video ah, July 24 si nabad ah ku soo laabtay meeraha gurigooda, caga at square ah la siiyo.

Waxaa dhiirigelintiisa lahaa guusha

markabka ayaa marka hore ku soo laabtay Maraykanka ee geesiyaal, oo hore u November 14 in aan bilowno "Apollo-12" gacanta ugu cir khibrad leh, wuxuu sameeyey laba diyaarad meel saarnaa ee "Gemini" (1965, 1966). God Konrad la saaxiibbadiis (Alan Bean iyo Richard Gordon) inta lagu guda jiro furitaanka wajahay xaalado aan caadi ahayn oo la xidhiidha laba weerar hillaac. In Indhaha kuwa joogo bilowgii Madaxweyne Nixon naxdin leh korontada hoos u keenay tiro ka mid ah dareemayaal, keenaya xiritaanka ka mid ah gacanta lagu shido. Crew sida ugu dhakhsaha badan si loo saxo xaaladda.

Conrad iyo Bean lahaa in ay qaataan on dusha dayaxa muddo laba maalmood ah (dhalidda firfircoon ahaa 3.5 saacadood). Ugu site dhulka ay ka hor iyadoo daruur of ciidda oo ay awoodaan si ay u helaan in ay "sahmiyaha-3", samaynta gacan weyn ka horumarinta sayniska. Maaddaama ay dhibaatooyin la camera video ah ma awoodo inuu si toos ah u samayn video live goobta soo degtey markabka.

Ka mid ah liiska dadka soo booqday Moon ah

United States qaabka guud ee barnaamijka "Apollo" loo diray 9 guutadii Dhulka satellite. Si aad dhul on cir dayaxa lix shaqaalaha maamula. Kulligood waxay ka koobnayd saddex qof, laba ka mid ah kii beeray galay module dayaxa. Ka dib guuldaradii of April 1970, oo la xidhiidha shilka sabuuradda "Apollo 13", guuldareysto u guteen waajibaadkooda iyadoo ay, ka dib markii duulaan guul ka dhacay February ee '71. Alan Shepard iyo Edgar Mitchell (jidka ag fadhida, waxay lahaayeen in la crewed 13 "Apollo"), ma aha oo kaliya u suurtagashay in ay sameeyaan tijaabo seismic, laakiin laba jeer si ay u tagaan meel dibadda ah.

Waayo, saddex maalmood iyo afartan habeen qaatay on oogada Dhulka of satellite ah Devid Skott iyo Dzheyms Irvin, ka qaybgalayaasha duulaan ku xigta (July 1971), iyo Dzhon Yang iyo Charlz Dyuk (April 1972), ka dhigay safar dheer Lunokhod ah. shaqaale ah "Apollo 17" joojiyo in fulinta barnaamijka dayaxa. Yudzhin Sernan iyo Harrison Schmitt ka dhigay horyaalka ee ugu danbeysay ee December 1972, la Cernan maamula macsalaameeyay ciidda Labiyo xarfaha feegaarid gabadhiisa. Waayo, isaga, waxa uu ahaa horyaalka labaad ee satellite ah ee dhulka, iyo sidoo kale ka badan seddex ka mid ah saaxiibo uu. Laakiin in ay ka jawaabaan su'aasha ah ee sida badan dadka ku socday on dayaxa, waxaa in la xuso in hal mar oo keliya mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah taabtay dusha dayaxa.

Dhameystirka barnaamijka "Apollo"

Maanta suufka furitaanka (Cape Canaveral), ay leeyihiin ciidamada cirka ee Maraykanka, waa meelahoodii burbursanaa. Inkastoo ay sii filayo furitaanka oo ka mid ah "Apollo", mid ka mid ahaa saddex bilowday xiga aan la fuliyey. Sababta ugu weyn ee - qiimaha weyn, ma keeno xal cusub ee sahaminta bannaan. 12 characters, soo baxaan meel u dhow-Earth, nool sagaal bidix. Ay nolosha ekaan nolosha xiddigaha Hollywood. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah ugu dhakhsaha badan ka tagay NASA, ku dhowaad illaawin uu muwaadiniinta walaalahooda. Waxa la yaab leh, ka qaybgalayaasha duulimaadka ugu horeysay heshay abaalmarinta ugu sareysa ee US (kongareeska billada dahabka), kaliya guuradii afartanaad ee bilowga.

On su'aasha ah ee sida badan dadka ku socday on dayaxa, dad badan oo maanta ku odhan: "maya." Waxay yihiin kuwa wadaagaan "aragti shirqool", taas oo u muuqatay gacanta iftiinka qoraa Bill Daboolka la, ayaa su'aal ka keenay xaqiiqada dhabta ah ee duulimaadka dayaxa. Difaaca sharaftiisa, 72-sano jir ah Buzz Aldrin jir ah u bislaaday jir ah oo si cad u dharbaaxay in wajiga weriyaha, muujiyeen shaki uu. In 2009, Mareykanka bixiyo dadweynaha sanamyadooda la satellite rumayn raad cir in oogada Dhulka of satellite ah.

Dhameystirka barnaamijka iyo la'aanta ah ee iskaashiga dhinaca this labada boos awoodaha waa mid aad u murugo leh, maxaa yeelay, waa ay awoodaan in ay u dhaqmaan sidii buundo ee Jidka hawlgallada mustaqbalka si Mars.