Biathlon: taariikhda iyo horumarinta

Mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan isboortiga qaboobaha waa biathlon. Taariikhda ay soo bixitaanka iyo horumarka ay adag tahay. Laakiinse haatan ciyaartan waxaa jira taageerayaasha iyo aad u badan.

Sheekada

Mid ka mid ah ciyaaraha ugu xiisaha badan oo xiiso leh ee xilliga qaboobaha waxaa loo arkaa inay biathlon ah, taariikhda dhicitaanka ee ku taala nolosha maalin kasta oo ka mid ah dadyowga hore ee Waqooyiga. Waxayna ahaayeen kuwo barafka for ugaarsadaan ee xilliga qaboobaha. Waxa la odhan karaa, oo ahaa biathlon ugu horeysay.

Taariikhda dhacdo of biathlon classical u sidii cayaareed uu leeyahay qiyaastii laba boqol iyo konton sannadood. Bilow aad ayuu qaadataa in Norway, halkaas oo ilaalada xuduudka maxaliga ah ee 1767 ee xuduudda la leh Sweden abaabulay tartanka a toogashada ee diirada u dhaadhaca ski buurta ka ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isboortiga ee horumarinta biathlon iyo qaybinta ahayd oo keliya in horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad. Laakiin waxaa la iman dhibaatooyin qaar ka mid ah.

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee labaataneeyada ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay in dhacdooyinka oo baaxad weyn oo lagu qabtay kulan, si la mid ah biathlon. Taariikhda Olympic Games in qaatay France, ka hadlayaa oo ku saabsan tartanka loo yaqaan "tartanka ilaalinta." Laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan sport ku fashilmay. At Ciyaaraha Olambikada ee 1948 barnaamijka gudbay biathlon ah, xeerarka tartanka, taas oo waqti aan weli la cabiran.

Laakiin in konton konton ah, waxaa weli la ansixiyey sida sport gooni ah oo qayb ka ah kala firirsan. Tan iyo 1992, biathlon laga soocay kala firirsan. International Biathlon Midowga, oo maanta uu ka kooban yahay in ka badan lixdan dal, waxaa la aasaasay sanadkii 1993.

xeerarka Game iyo qalabka

In biathlon ka classic, soo socda xeerarka qalabka:

• width ee barafka waa in ay ahaadaan ugu yaraan afar sentimitir.
• inta ugu badan ee ski ma aha kooban.
• Mamnuucay dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee horumar ee qalabka.
• Waxaa laga yaabaa in aanad isticmaalin ulo ski in ay kala duwan yihiin oo dhererkeeda iyo xoog riix.
• Marka qoriga wadista waxa uu ku yaalaa bogga dambe ee ciyaaryahanka.
• Ha isticmaalin hub ah automatic.
• Booskan qoriga - 5.6 mm.
• qoryaha loo isticmaalo caadiga ah hortiisa gadaal.

Under xeerarka hadda jira, toogashada waxaa meel fog ka mid ah konton mitir sameeyey. target waxaa wakiil ka ah sida saxan cad shan wareegyada madow ballaciisu yahay ee kow iyo toban iyo badh sentimitir.

Marka rasaas waalka dhow goobo sababtay in ka dhigayaa suurto gal ah in si degdeg ah loo qiimeeyo natiijada.

Xeerarka jira laba nooc oo rasaas at diirada lagu tilmaamay:

• Taagan.
• Jiifa.

Marka rasaas waxaa loo arkaa wax ku ool ah oo taagan galaya wareegga madow, iyo habka toogashada labaad - goobada gudaha ayaa ballaciisu yahay ee sentimitir afar iyo badh.

Jidka, dhaqdhaqaaqa ciyaartoyda tuubbooyin dab dhowr, mid kasta oo la siiyey shan wareeg.

Noocyada jinsiyadaha ee biathlon a classic

biathlon Classic maanta waxaa ka mid ah lix nooc oo ah jinsiyadaha:

• tartanka Relay - ciyaar kooxeed, oo ka kooban saddex ama afar qaybood. Athlete, orday wadada dalkiisii, maraa burhaantiisa ay ciyaaryahanka ku xiga. Length ee wadada - kiiloomitir toddoba iyo badh ragga iyo lix - in haweenka. At heer kasta waxaa jira laba jagooyinka toogashada. Toogashada ayaa marka hore waxaa loo sameeyaa in booska la jiifo, kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - taagan.
• Relay Mixed. Waxaa ka soo qayb galay ciyaaraha fudud iyo lab iyo dhaddig. Haweenka ay maamulaan on qaybta orod koowaad iyo labaad ee lix kilomitir raggii on saddexaad iyo kan afraad ah - toddoba kiilomitir. Relay bilaabmaa bilow hal mar ah ciyaartoyda. Member, dhammeeyey tartanka wareega ah, u gudbinayaa xubin ka xiga kooxda. Markii hore, wadada marta naagta, ka dibna - ragga. toogashada koowaad waxaa la fuliyay in meel la jiifo, kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - taagan.
• Qaran - waa tartan la laba dhibcood toogashada, taas oo uu isticmaalaa bilaabatay bareeg in rag toban kiiloomitir, loogu tala galay dumarka - kiiloomitir toddoba iyo badh. tartanka wuxuu ku bilaabmaa bilowga ah dura soddon ilbiriqsi in hal daqiiqo. Masaafada u ah tartanka ka kooban yahay saddex dhabtooda of dhererka isku mid. Ordaya iyada oo wareeggii koowaad, ciyaartoyda ka fuliyaan toogashada adoo jiifa, ordaya labaad ku wareegsanaa - in istaagga. Athletes fursad u leeyihiin inay doortaan meel toogashada for toogashada. Marka aad ka maqnaan goobo free si toos ah loo siman yahay mid ka mid boqol iyo konton mitir.
• tartanka Individual - tartanka classic oo dadkii u ordaan in ka badan ka fog oo ah labaatan, iyo haweenka - at shan iyo toban kiiloomitir, iyadoo afar dhibcood ka bartilmaameedyada. Athletes bilaabi dura soddon ilbiriqsi in hal daqiiqo. Marka aad ka maqnaan mid rigoore daqiiqadii ku daray in tartanka biathlete waqtiga safarka guud.

• Raacdada - tartan afar xuduudaha oo dadkii tartamo kiiloomitir laba iyo toban iyo badh iska, iyo dumarkii - toban. Bixiya tartanka raacdada dhamaadka tartanka orodka ee.
• Race leh guud bilaabatay - Nin u ordaan in ka badan ka fog oo ah shan iyo toban haween - kiiloomitir laba iyo toban iyo badh. tartanka bilaabmaa waqti isku mid ah si ay u tartamayaasha. Rasaas kala duwan toogashada waxaa lagu fuliyaa si imaanaysaan ciyaartoy ee kala duwan toogashada. Marka aad ka maqnaan goobo free si toos ah loo siman yahay mid ka mid boqol iyo konton mitir.

kala duwan ee biathlon

maanta Biathlon uu leeyahay noocyo dhowr ah oo lagu daro qalabka classical oo kale loo isticmaalaa hubka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa. The noocyada ugu baahsan ee soo socda helay adduunka ee dhaqanka ciyaaraha:

• Summer - waa sharciyada tartanka biathlon kuwaas oo la mid ah sida in classic ah, laakiin halkii ay ka barafka isticmaalaya barafka duuban ama baaskiilada.
• Archer - Biathlon (taariikhda asalka ah ee oo u sidii cayaareed a bilaabay 1975 ee France) - tartanka on barafka la archery.
• Snowshoe. Marka aad isticmaali version this jinsiyad biathlon on snowshoes ah.
• Ugaarsiga. Marka loo isticmaalay qoryaha ugaarsiga iyo barafka.

Kala Biathlon da'da

Dhamaan ciyaartooyda ka qayb tartamada biathlon ku kala qaybsan yihiin:

• Ragga iyo dumarka - biathlon at da'da kow iyo labaatan sano jir ama ka weyn.
• Juniors - kuwa ay da'doodu ka sagaal iyo labaatan iyo kow sano.
• Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha - ciyaaraha fudud kuwaas oo aan weli soo jeestay sagaal iyo toban.

kala soocidda

tartamada Biathlon ayaa labadaba lagu qabtay lala nidaamo kale, iyo sidoo kale si gooni gooni ah. tartamada biathlon Independent kala qaybsan yihiin koob iyo nekubkovy. Ka sokow waxa kale oo waa la fuliyay tartamada kala duwan biathlon ganacsi.

Sidaas darteed, noocyada tartamada Biathlon:

• Cups. Waxaa loo arkaa koobka adduunka ee ugu muhiimsan iyo Yurub Open Cup. Sidoo kale heerka caalamiga ah waxaa lagu soo bandhigay Cups North iyo South America iyo Asia. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira ee caalamiga ah, koob qaranka.
• tartanka Nekubkovy. Ciyaarta ayaa ugu caansan waxaa loo arkaa nekubkovy Championships World Biathlon. in muhiimadda Next waa u furan European Championships iyo Championships Asian, iyo North iyo South America. At heer qaran ee wadamo badan ayaa sidoo kale lagu qabtay horyaalka kala duwan.
• biathlon Ganacsiga. Tartankan waxa uu leeyahay ujeeddo gaar ah - si ay u soo jiidato tiro badan oo ay daawanayeen. In la xidhiidha dhacdadan waxaa lagu martiqaadayaa inay tiro badan oo ka mid ah xiddigaha biathlon dalal kala duwan, jinsiyadaha iyo xeerarka isu yihiin format ee tartanka beddelo.

Waxa ugu horeysay

Biathlon Champions rasmi ah u bilaabay in ay israac triumphal ee demoqaraadiyad ah ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay. Kooxda heysata horyaalka ugu horeysay Olympic ee anshaxa this waxa uu noqday wakiilka of Sweden K. Lestander, iyo kooxda heysata horyaalka ugu horeysay ee adduunka ahaa reer Sweden A. Wiklund. Waxa uu noqday German FA Ulrich 1978, guusha ugu horeysa ee koobka aduunka.

In 1984 at the Orodyahanka Koobka Adduunka Biathlon Women Soviet V. Chernyshov ahaa horyaalka adduunka buuxda ugu horeysay.

caan

biathlon Modern, kuwaas oo bilaabay taariikhda waqooyiga Yurub, ayaa ku faafay adduunka oo dhan. In ka badan afartan dal oo ka qeyb galay tartamada cayaaraha ah, laakiin dadka ugu weyn u jecel yahay in Bariga iyo Bartamaha Europe, in Ruushka. xiisaha badan ee biathlon sidoo kale muujinaya dalalka of North America iyo Shiinaha.